552 results on '"Pelikan"'
Search Results
2. A Histological Analysis and Detection of Complement Regulatory Protein CD55 in SARS-CoV-2 Infected Lungs.
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Silawal, Sandeep, Gögele, Clemens, Pelikan, Petr, Werner, Christian, Levidou, Georgia, Mahato, Raman, and Schulze-Tanzil, Gundula
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ADULT respiratory distress syndrome ,LUNGS ,CD55 antigen ,LUNG diseases ,COMPLEMENT activation ,CELL anatomy - Abstract
Background: A complement imbalance in lung alveolar tissue can play a deteriorating role in COVID-19, leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). CD55 is a transmembrane glycoprotein that inhibits the activation of the complement system at the intermediate cascade level, blocking the activity of the C3 convertase. Objective: In our study, lung specimens from COVID-19 and ARDS-positive COVID+/ARDS+ patients were compared with COVID-19 and ARDS-negative COVID–/ARDS– as well as COVID–/ARDS+ patients. Methods: Histochemical staining and immunolabeling of CD55 protein were performed. Results: The COVID–/ARDS– specimen showed higher expression and homogeneous distribution of glycosaminoglycans as well as compactly arranged elastic and collagen fibers of the alveolar walls in comparison to ARDS-affected lungs. In addition, COVID–/ARDS– lung tissues revealed stronger and homogenously distributed CD55 expression on the alveolar walls in comparison to the disrupted COVID–/ARDS+ lung tissues. Conclusions: Even though the collapse of the alveolar linings and the accumulation of cellular components in the alveolar spaces were characteristic of COVID+/ARDS+ lung tissues, evaluating CD55 expression could be relevant to understand its relation to the disease. Furthermore, targeting CD55 upregulation as a potential therapy could be an option for post-infectious complications of COVID-19 and other inflammatory lung diseases in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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3. The GIBACHT fellowship: a multilateral initiative for strengthening capacity in biosafety and biosecurity towards pandemic preparedness.
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Mertens, Eva, Zimmermann, Marlow, Dywicki, Janine, Min-Hi Lee, Pelikan, Joachim, Bürkin, Barbara M., Rutebemberwa, Elizeus, and Hoffmann, Axel
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- 2024
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4. Evaluation of a football fitness implementation initiative for an older adult population in a small-scale island society.
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Skoradal, May-Britt, Sjúrðarson, Tórur, Olsen, Helgi Winther, Leifsson, Eli Nolsøe, Pelikan, Vincent, Mohr, Magni, and Davidsen, Annika Helgadóttir
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- 2024
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5. Encountering Autonomous Robots on Public Streets.
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Pelikan, Hannah R. M., Reeves, Stuart, and Cantarutti, Marina N.
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AUTONOMOUS robots ,SPACE environment ,CONVERSATION analysis ,VIDEO recording ,ETHNOMETHODOLOGY ,PUBLIC spaces ,ROBOTS - Abstract
Robots deployed in public settings enter spaces that humans live and work in. Studies of HRI in public tend to prioritise direct and deliberate interactions. Yet this misses the most common form of response to robots, which ranges from subtle fleeting interactions to virtually ignoring them. Taking an ethnomethodological approach building on video recordings, we show how robots become embedded in urban spaces both from a perspective of the social assembly of the physical environment (the streetscape) and the socially organised nature of everyday street life. We show how such robots are effectively 'granted passage' through these spaces as a result of the practical work of the streets' human inhabitants. We detail the contingent nature of the streetscape, drawing attention to its various members and the accommodation work they are doing. We demonstrate the importance of studying robots during their whole deployment, and approaches that focus on members' interactional work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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6. The Role of Parental Self-Efficacy Regarding Parental Support for Early Adolescents' Coping, Self-Regulated Learning, Learning Self-Efficacy and Positive Emotions.
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Holzer, Julia, Korlat, Selma, Pelikan, Elisabeth, Schober, Barbara, Spiel, Christiane, and Lüftenegger, Marko
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POSITIVE psychology ,SOCIAL support ,SELF-control ,LEARNING strategies ,SELF-efficacy ,RESEARCH funding ,EMOTIONS ,PARENT-child relationships ,PARENTS ,PSYCHOLOGICAL adaptation in adolescence - Abstract
Although adolescence is characterized by increasing individuation, parental support represents an important resource especially in early adolescence. This multi-informant study examined the role of parental self-efficacy in providing emotional and instrumental support when early adolescents partially learned from home during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on a resources model of coping, we examined effects of parental self-efficacy on early adolescents' reports of self-regulated learning (SRL), learning self-efficacy, and positive emotions, mediated via early adolescents' problem-focused and emotion-focused coping. Assumptions were tested among 263 Austrian parent-child dyads. While the mediation assumption was rejected, we identified positive associations between emotional support and SRL, and between problem-focused coping and SRL, learning self-efficacy, and positive emotions. Instrumental support negatively related to SRL, suggesting benefits of emotional over instrumental support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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7. Competitive interaction in headwaters: slow upstream migration leads to trophic competition between native and non-native amphipods.
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Pelikan, Lars, Šidagytė-Copilas, Eglė, Garbaras, Andrius, Jourdan, Jonas, and Copilaș-Ciocianu, Denis
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COMPETITION (Biology) ,AMPHIPODA ,STABLE isotope analysis ,KEYSTONE species ,STABLE isotopes ,INTRODUCED species ,WATERSHEDS - Abstract
The spread of non-native species is one of the outcomes of global change, threatening many native communities through predation and competition. Freshwater ecosystems are particularly affected by species turnover with non-native species. One species that has been established in Central Europe for many decades - or even a few centuries - is the amphipod crustacean Gammarus roeselii. Although G. roeselii is nowadays widespread in major river systems, there have been recent reports of its spread into smaller streams that are typically inhabited by the native species Gammarus fossarum. Due to their leaf shredding ability, G. fossarum takes up a key position in headwater streams. This raises the important question, to what extent G. roeselii can equivalently take over this function. To answer this question, we collected both species from nine different sites in a mid-mountain river system (Kinzig catchment, Hesse, Germany) and investigated their functional similarity using a combination of stable isotope analysis, gut content and functional morphology. The species hardly differed in morphological characteristics, only females showed differences in some traits. Gut content analysis indicated a broad dietary overlap, while stable isotopes showed a higher trophic position of G. roeselii. The observed functional overlap could intensify interspecific competition and allow the larger and more predaceous G. roeselii to replace G. fossarum in the future as a headwater keystone species. However, the differentiation in the stable isotopes also shows that co-existence can occur by occupying different trophic niches. Moreover, the wide range of inhabited sites and exploited resources demonstrate the omnivorous lifestyle of G. roeselii, which is likely to help the species succeed in rapidly changing environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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8. Women of Influence: interdisciplinary participatory approaches to understanding female leadership in the Peruvian Amazon.
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Barrow, Sarah, Eugenia Ulfe, Maria, Atakav, Eylem, Vergara, Roxana, Chicmana, Victoria, and Pelikan, Karoline
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LEADERSHIP in women ,POLITICAL ecology ,INDIGENOUS women ,POWER (Social sciences) ,VIDEO production & direction ,COMMUNITY involvement ,YOUNG women - Abstract
The Mujeres que influyen (Women of Influence) project is a collaboration between researchers at University of East Anglia and PUCP, and young women from the Junín area of Peru who are members of the National Council of Indigenous Women of Peru. It takes its starting point from an acknowledgement that although women play a fundamental role in the preservation of biodiversity and ancestral knowledge, these contributions often go unrecognized and underdeveloped (Ketty Marcelo, 2018), to the detriment of the very culture and environment that should be preserved. Our women-led participatory project, uses film (production, screening, analysis) to highlight the potential and importance for active and organised participation by these young women in their communities in order to protect and nurture their natural resources. Working alongside Asháninka and Yanesha young women, we seek to demonstrate the value of young female involvement in community decision-making, addressing the cultural and societal inequalities that may disrupt their path to leadership and influence. In this paper, we focus on the methods developed in the project, particularly the value of participatory video production as a form of activism, with the outputs serving as creative manifestos in themselves. The co-designed activities have led us to reframe fieldwork as auto-ethnographic digital collaborations that have sought to disrupt power hierarchies and facilitate the co-production of new knowledge. We reflect on how our Indigenous partners have helped us rethink issues of sustainability, resilience and alternative strategies to respond to gender dynamics, political ecologies and environmental challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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9. Introduction to the Special Issue on Sound in Human-Robot Interaction.
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Robinson, Frederic, Pelikan, Hannah, Watanabe, Katsumi, Damiano, Luisa, Bown, Oliver, and Velonaki, Mari
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HUMAN-robot interaction ,ROBOTS ,SOUNDS ,ANIMAL sound production ,HUMANOID robots ,DEPTH perception - Abstract
This document serves as an introduction to a special issue on sound in human-robot interaction (HRI). It emphasizes the interdisciplinary nature of research in this field and aims to bring together the sound in HRI community. The special issue contains 11 articles that cover various aspects of sound in HRI, including nonverbal sound, sound perception, sound generation, and sonification strategies. The articles provide a comprehensive overview of the field and offer insights and recommendations for researchers and practitioners in social robotics. The authors express their gratitude to the reviewers and hope that this collection of work will inspire further research in this area. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2023
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10. Unraveling the effects of import bans on domestic poultry production: a case study of Senegal.
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Zamani, Omid, Chibanda, Craig, and Pelikan, Janine
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CHICKEN as food ,INTERNATIONAL competition ,POULTRY as food ,POULTRY farms ,AVIAN influenza ,INTERNATIONAL markets - Abstract
Senegal banned all imports of uncooked poultry meat in 2006 in response to Avian Influenza outbreaks in many exporting countries. This paper investigates the effects of the import ban on domestic chicken meat production and the performance of Senegal's broiler farms. To do so, we employ various comparative analyses at the farm and macro levels. We use the synthetic control method to estimate the effects on total production, which shows that Senegal's chicken meat production increased more than it would have without the import ban. This may imply, in line with the infant-industry argument, that the ban has had a positive impact on chicken meat production. In addition, we use a farm-level analysis to evaluate the performance of typical Senegalese broiler farms. The comparison with Ghana shows that Senegalese farms are performing better and have lower costs of production. An opening of the markets should only be implemented gradually, by replacing the ban with tariffs because local industries must have the opportunity to adapt to the competition of the international market step by step. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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11. Psychometric evaluation of the Persian version of the European Health Literacy Instrument (P-HLS-EU-Q47).
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Gheshlagh, Reza Ghanei, Mahmoodi, Hassan, Pelikan, Jürgen M, Afkhamzadeh, Abdorrahim, and Ebadi, Abbas
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RESEARCH evaluation ,CROSS-sectional method ,HEALTH literacy ,PSYCHOMETRICS ,MULTITRAIT multimethod techniques ,CRONBACH'S alpha ,FACTOR analysis ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,RESEARCH funding ,STATISTICAL sampling - Abstract
Health literacy is one of the most critical determinants of health for effectively improving health services and reducing health inequalities. The importance of accurate measurement cannot be overstated. The European 47-item Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLS-EU-Q47) can provide precise measurements of health literacy. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the European Health Literacy Instrument in Iranian society (HLS-PV-Q47) for its Persian version. This cross-sectional study was conducted using a convenient sampling of 560 people referred to comprehensive healthcare centers. The construct validity was assessed by exploratory (280 people) and confirmatory factor (with 280 people). The internal consistency was calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficients. Based on the exploratory factor analysis, three factors of healthcare, disease prevention, and health promotion explained 48.9% of the total variance of health literacy. Cronbach's alpha was 0.96 for the whole instrument. The Persian version of the European Health Literacy Instrument (P-HLS-EU-Q47) had good validity and reliability, which can be used in future studies due to its good psychometric properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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12. Managing Delays in Human-Robot Interaction.
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PELIKAN, HANNAH and HOFSTETTER, EMILY
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- 2023
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13. Designing Robot Sound-In-Interaction: The Case of Autonomous Public Transport Shuttle Buses.
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Pelikan, Hannah R. M. and Jung, Malte F.
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BUS transportation ,PUBLIC transit ,SHUTTLE services ,ROBOT design & construction ,SOUND design ,VIDEO recording - Abstract
Horns and sirens are important tools for communicating on the road, which are still understudied in autonomous vehicles. While HRI has explored different ways in which robots could sound, we focus on the range of actions that a single sound can accomplish in interaction. In a Research through Design study involving autonomous shuttle buses in public transport, we explored sound design with the help of voice-overs to video recordings of the buses on the road and Wizard-of-Oz tests in live trafic. The buses are slowed down by (unnecessary) braking in response to people getting close. We found that prolonged jingles draw attention to the bus and invite interaction, while repeated short beeps and bell sounds can instruct the movement of others away from the bus. We highlight the importance of designing sound in sequential interaction and describe a new method for embedding video interaction analysis in the design process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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14. Restorative Justice in Österreich. Zur Geschichte eines kriminalpolitischen Gegenentwurfs.
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Glaeser, Bernd and Pelikan, Christa
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DOMESTIC violence ,LEGAL procedure ,PRAXIS (Process) ,CRIMINAL law ,REFORMATION ,INTIMATE partner violence - Abstract
Copyright of Neue Kriminalpolitik is the property of Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2023
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15. Basic Psychological Needs and Agency and Communion During the COVID-19 Pandemic.
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Korlat, Selma, Reiter, Julia, Kollmayer, Marlene, Holzer, Julia, Pelikan, Elisabeth, Schober, Barbara, Spiel, Christiane, and Lüftenegger, Marko
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- 2023
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16. CALIBRATION OF THE ROBOTIC ARM WITH CORRECTIONS USING LOCAL LINEAR NEURO-FUZZY MODELS.
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BENES, PETR, HLADIK, JAN, PELIKAN, JAN, NEUSSER, ZDENEK, NECAS, MARTIN, SVEDA, JIRI, VALASEK, MICHAEL, and SIKA, ZBYNEK
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ROBOTICS ,INDUSTRIAL robots ,ERROR functions ,CALIBRATION ,PARAMETER identification ,ROBOTS - Abstract
The paper deals with the enhancement of the robotic arm calibration using corrections based on local linear neuro-fuzzy models. After the standard calibration of the geometric parameters in the robot's kinematic model, there are still residual errors between the measured positions and the positions predicted by the model. The source of these errors are various non-geometric parameters and nonlinear phenomena that traditional kinematic calibration models do not include. The neuro-fuzzy model based on a locally linear model tree can approximate the residual error as a function of the robot's joint angles. Adding this approximation to the output of the calibrated robot model significantly increases the accuracy of the endeffector position. The results of the described method were verified and compared with other approaches on a simulation model of a flexible planar two-link mechanism. Experimental verification was performed on an industrial robot Stäubli TX200 with data measured by Leica laser tracking device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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17. Small-scale population structuring results in differential susceptibility to pesticide exposure.
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Grethlein, Martin, Pelikan, Lars, Dombrowski, Andrea, Kabus, Jana, Oehlmann, Jörg, Weigand, Alexander, and Jourdan, Jonas
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DELTAMETHRIN ,WILDLIFE conservation ,PYRETHROIDS ,POLLUTION ,PHENOTYPIC plasticity ,INSECTICIDES ,FENITROTHION ,PESTICIDES - Abstract
Central European riverine networks are subject to widely varying local anthropogenic pressures, forcing species with limited dispersal abilities to adapt or become locally extinct. Previous catchment-wide studies have shown that some invertebrates tend to have pronounced population structuring throughout mountainous river networks, raising the question of whether this also translates into small-scale phenotypic differentiation and adaptation to local stressors. One such species is the headwater crustacean species Gammarus fossarum clade 11 (or lineage B), which we restudied in terms of population structure four years after first assessment. Our aim was not only to document the temporal stability/dynamics of the population structure, but we asked whether a small-scale genetic structuring also results in phenotypic differentiation and different susceptibility to a commonly applied pesticide. Therefore, we re-assessed population structure based on COI haplotypes and their frequencies, and quantified key parameters related to morphological and life-history differentiation. Furthermore, we examined the difference in sensitivity towards the pyrethroid insecticide deltamethrin. COI haplotype patterns were found to be stable over time and confirmed the small-scale population structuring within the catchment, with isolated headwater populations and connected downstream populations. While little life-history differentiation was observed, marked differences in susceptibility to the pyrethroid insecticide were found. Populations from pristine sites responded significantly more tolerant than populations from anthropogenically impacted sites—showing that prior exposure to a spectrum of stressors does not automatically increase tolerance to a specific stressor. Therefore, our study demonstrates that limited dispersal capacity is reflected not only in population structure, but also in small-scale variation in susceptibility to anthropogenic disturbance. The system thus provides a suitable experimental landscape to test the impact of further stressors (e.g., other novel entities, including pesticides with other modes of action) on locally isolated populations. Based on these findings, important recommendations for the protection of riverine species and their intraspecific genetic variation can be developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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18. Venn diagram analysis overestimates the extent of circadian rhythm reprogramming.
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Pelikan, Anne, Herzel, Hanspeter, Kramer, Achim, and Ananthasubramaniam, Bharath
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CIRCADIAN rhythms ,CLOCKS & watches ,CHRONOBIOLOGY ,RHYTHM - Abstract
The circadian clock modulates key physiological processes in many organisms. This widespread role of circadian rhythms is typically characterized at the molecular level by profiling the transcriptome at multiple time points. Subsequent analysis identifies transcripts with altered rhythms between control and perturbed conditions, that is, are differentially rhythmic (DiffR). Commonly, Venn diagram analysis (VDA) compares lists of rhythmic transcripts to catalog transcripts with rhythms in both conditions, or that have gained or lost rhythms. However, unavoidable errors in rhythmicity detection propagate to the final DiffR classification resulting in overestimated DiffR. We show using artificial experiments on biological data that VDA indeed produces excessive false DiffR hits both in the presence and absence of true DiffR transcripts. We review and benchmark hypothesis testing and model selection approaches that instead compare circadian amplitude and phase of transcripts between the two conditions. These methods identify transcripts that 'gain', 'lose', 'change', or have the 'same' rhythms; the third category is missed by VDA. We reanalyzed three studies on the interplay between metabolism and the clock in the mouse liver that used VDA. We found not only fewer DiffR transcripts than originally reported, but VDA overlooked many relevant DiffR transcripts. Our analyses confirmed some and contradicted other conclusions in the original studies and also generated novel insights. Our conclusions equally apply to circadian studies using other omics technologies. We believe that avoiding Venn diagrams and using our convenient r‐package comparerhythms will improve the reliability of analyses in chronobiology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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19. Measuring Comprehensive, General Health Literacy in the General Adult Population: The Development and Validation of the HLS 19 -Q12 Instrument in Seventeen Countries.
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Pelikan, Jürgen M., Link, Thomas, Straßmayr, Christa, Waldherr, Karin, Alfers, Tobias, Bøggild, Henrik, Griebler, Robert, Lopatina, Maria, Mikšová, Dominika, Nielsen, Marie Germund, Peer, Sandra, and Vrdelja, Mitja
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- 2022
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20. HLS 19 -NAV—Validation of a New Instrument Measuring Navigational Health Literacy in Eight European Countries.
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Griese, Lennert, Finbråten, Hanne S., Francisco, Rita, De Gani, Saskia M., Griebler, Robert, Guttersrud, Øystein, Jaks, Rebecca, Le, Christopher, Link, Thomas, Silva da Costa, Andreia, Telo de Arriaga, Miguel, Touzani, Rajae, Vrdelja, Mitja, Pelikan, Jürgen M., and Schaeffer, Doris
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- 2022
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21. Conservation of Energetic Pathways for Electroautotrophy in the Uncultivated Candidate Order Tenderiales.
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Eddie, Brian J., Bird, Lina J., Pelikan, Claus, Mussmann, Marc, Martínez-Pérez, Clara, Pinamang, Princess, Malanoski, Anthony P., and Glaven, Sarah M.
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- 2022
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22. Systemic lupus erythematosus variants modulate the function of an enhancer upstream of TNFAIP3.
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Pasula, Satish, Gopalakrishnan, Jaanam, Fu, Yao, Tessneer, Kandice L., Wiley, Mandi M., Pelikan, Richard C., Kelly, Jennifer A., and Gaffney, Patrick M.
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SYSTEMIC lupus erythematosus ,PATHOLOGY ,LINKAGE disequilibrium ,AUTOIMMUNE diseases ,HAPLOTYPES ,B cells - Abstract
TNFAIP3/A20 is a prominent autoimmune disease risk locus that is correlated with hypomorphic TNFAIP3 expression and exhibits complex chromatin architecture with over 30 predicted enhancers. This study aimed to functionally characterize an enhancer ~55 kb upstream of the TNFAIP3 promoter marked by the systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) risk haplotype index SNP, rs10499197. Allele effects of rs10499197, rs58905141, and rs9494868 were tested by EMSA and/or luciferase reporter assays in immune cell types. Co-immunoprecipitation, ChIP-qPCR, and 3C-qPCR were performed on patient-derived EBV B cells homozygous for the non-risk or SLE risk TNFAIP3 haplotype to assess haplotype-specific effects on transcription factor binding and chromatin regulation at the TNFAIP3 locus. This study found that the TNFAIP3 locus has a complex chromatin regulatory network that spans ~1M bp from the promoter region of IL20RA to the 3' untranslated region of TNFAIP3. Functional dissection of the enhancer demonstrated co-dependency of the RelA/p65 and CEBPB binding motifs that, together, increase IL20RA and IFNGR1 expression and decreased TNFAIP3 expression in the context of the TNFAIP3 SLE risk haplotype through dynamic long-range interactions up- and downstream. Examination of SNPs in linkage disequilibrium (D' = 1.0) with rs10499197 identified rs9494868 as a functional SNP with risk allele-specific increase in nuclear factor binding and enhancer activation in vitro. In summary, this study demonstrates that SNPs carried on the ~109 kb SLE risk haplotype facilitate hypermorphic IL20RA and IFNGR1 expression, while suppressing TNFAIP3 expression, adding to the mechanistic potency of this critically important locus in autoimmune disease pathology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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23. The HLS 19 -COM-P, a New Instrument for Measuring Communicative Health Literacy in Interaction with Physicians: Development and Validation in Nine European Countries.
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Finbråten, Hanne Søberg, Nowak, Peter, Griebler, Robert, Bíró, Éva, Vrdelja, Mitja, Charafeddine, Rana, Griese, Lennert, Bøggild, Henrik, Schaeffer, Doris, Link, Thomas, Kucera, Zdenek, Mancini, Julien, and Pelikan, Jürgen M.
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- 2022
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24. The Promotion and Development of One Health at Swiss TPH and Its Greater Potential.
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Zinsstag, Jakob, Hediger, Karin, Osman, Yahya Maidane, Abukhattab, Said, Crump, Lisa, Kaiser-Grolimund, Andrea, Mauti, Stephanie, Ahmed, Ayman, Hattendorf, Jan, Bonfoh, Bassirou, Heitz-Tokpa, Kathrin, Berger González, Mónica, Bucher, Alvar, Lechenne, Monique, Tschopp, Rea, Obrist, Brigit, and Pelikan, Kristina
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BIODIVERSITY conservation ,CLIMATE change mitigation ,CONFLICT transformation ,TROPICAL medicine ,INTELLECTUAL history ,HUMAN-animal relationships ,ENVIRONMENTAL protection - Abstract
One Health, an integrated health concept, is now an integral part of health research and development. One Health overlaps with other integrated approaches to health such as EcoHealth or Planetary Health, which not only consider the patient or population groups but include them in the social-ecological context. One Health has gained the widest foothold politically, institutionally, and in operational implementation. Increasingly, One Health is becoming part of reporting under the International Health Legislation (IHR 2005). The Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH) has played a part in these developments with one of the first mentions of One Health in the biomedical literature. Here, we summarise the history of ideas and processes that led to the development of One Health research and development at the Swiss TPH, clarify its theoretical and methodological foundations, and explore its larger societal potential as an integrated approach to thinking. The history of ideas and processes leading to the development of One Health research at the Swiss TPH were inspired by far-sighted and open ideas of the directors and heads of departments, without exerting too much influence. They followed the progressing work and supported it with further ideas. These in turn were taken up and further developed by a growing number of individual scientists. These ideas were related to other strands of knowledge from economics, molecular biology, anthropology, sociology, theology, and linguistics. We endeavour to relate Western biomedical forms of knowledge generation with other forms, such as Mayan medicine. One Health, in its present form, has been influenced by African mobile pastoralists' integrated thinking that have been taken up into Western epistemologies. The intercultural nature of global and regional One Health approaches will inevitably undergo further scrutiny of successful ways fostering inter-epistemic interaction. Now theoretically well grounded, the One Health approach of seeking benefits for all through better and more equitable cooperation can clearly be applied to engagement in solving major societal problems such as social inequality, animal protection and welfare, environmental protection, climate change mitigation, biodiversity conservation, and conflict transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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25. Subspecies Taxonomy and Inter-Population Divergences of the Critically Endangered Yellow-Breasted Bunting: Evidence from Song Variations.
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Bao, Wenshuang, Kathait, Atul, Li, Xiang, Ozaki, Kiyoaki, Hanada, Yukihiro, Thomas, Alexander, Carey, Geoffrey John, Gou, Jun, Davaasuren, Batmunkh, Hasebe, Makoto, Holt, Paul Ian, Pelikan, Lukas, Fan, Zhongyong, Wang, Siyu, and Xing, Xiaoying
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SUBSPECIES ,BIRD conservation ,POPULATION of China ,SEXUAL selection ,RARE birds ,ENDANGERED species - Abstract
Simple Summary: Identifying the taxonomic status of subspecies or population with independent evolutionary tendencies is important for the targeted conservation of endangered species. Two subspecies of the critically endangered, Yellow-breasted Bunting Emberiza aureola have long been classified: E. a. aureola and E. a. ornata. However, populations distributed in Hokkaido, Japan, are sometimes considered another subspecies of E. a. insulana. By comparing vocal divergences, we found that the song of the Yellow-breasted Bunting Emberiza aureola has subspecies-specific properties and that insulana can be classified acoustically as a subspecies. Morphological and genetic differences should be tested further to confirm its subspecies status. Our results not only confirm the subspecies but also provide key evidence for targeted taxon conservation efforts for this critically endangered bird species, given that several Japanese populations have disappeared. The critically endangered Yellow-breasted Bunting has undergone population collapse globally because of illegal hunting and habitat deterioration. It was listed as critically endangered (CR) by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) in 2017 and designated a Class I (highest level) national conservation bird species in China in 2021. Birdsong in the breeding season is the main communicative signal under sexual selection, and song variations have long been considered critical evidence of divergence among subspecies or populations. We compared the songs of 89 males from 18 populations to test subspecies taxonomy. We found that songs of the Yellow-breasted Bunting Emberiza aureola are subspecies specific and that three subspecies can be clearly discriminated by song divergences. Moreover, an analysis of multiple vocal traits supports the claim that insulana is distinct from aureola and ornata. Finally, at the geographic population level, populations can be clearly classified in accordance with the three subspecies, although the aureola population in Xinjiang, China is differentiated from other populations of the same subspecies. The results of this study demonstrate that all populations and subspecies are unique and should be protected to maintain intraspecies song diversity. In addition, several specific populations, such as insulana populations in Japan and the Xinjiang, China population of aureola, need to be paid special attention to prevent the extinction of unique or local taxa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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26. Physico-Chemical and Ecotoxicological Evaluation of Marine Sediments Contamination: A Case Study of Rovinj Coastal Area, NE Adriatic Sea, Croatia.
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Pelikan, Jadranka, Majnarić, Nina, Maurić Maljković, Maja, Pikelj, Kristina, and Hamer, Bojan
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MARINE sediments ,MARINE sediment quality ,MERCURY ,COASTAL sediments ,TRACE elements in water ,HEAVY metals ,BIOMASS production ,SEDIMENT analysis - Abstract
Comprehensive spatial and temporal data on sediment quality in the Adriatic Sea are lacking. Therefore, prior to planned anthropogenic interventions in the local marine environment, such as deepening of the Rovinj harbour, the results of physicochemical and ecotoxicological analyses of five local coastal sediments were compared with regional averages and SQGs of neighbouring countries. Analyses of sediment grain size, content of metals and heavy metals, PAHs and PCBs were performed according to standard protocols. Sediment quality was classified according to French legislation (N1 and N2 level) and sediment guidelines. The phytotoxicity of the eluates was studied by flax seed germination tests. The logistic regression models P
max and Pavg were used to estimate the probability of toxic effects. Except for the open sea (S5), all other sediments had concentrations slightly higher than the N1 for some metals (Cu, Ni, Hg, Cr) or ΣPAHs, while the Rovinj harbour (S1) reached the N2 value for mercury. The phytotoxicity assay with sediment eluates showed inhibition of germination, root length and root biomass production, with an average phytotoxicity index (PI) ranging from 6.06% to 42.00%. Significant correlations of Pavg and Pmax values with phytotoxicity and other specific parameters were found. In general, according to the applied SQGs, there are no potential ecological impacts on the marine environment at any of the investigated sites, with the exception of site S1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Organizational Health Literacy in Schools: Concept Development for Health-Literate Schools.
- Author
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Kirchhoff, Sandra, Dadaczynski, Kevin, Pelikan, Jürgen M., Zelinka-Roitner, Inge, Dietscher, Christina, Bittlingmayer, Uwe H., and Okan, Orkan
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Srbija 1980-1986. Politička istorija od Tita do Miloševića.
- Author
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Pelikan, Jan
- Published
- 2022
29. Experimental and numerical analysis of an oil-flooded air screw expander.
- Author
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Richter, Lukas, Rendlova, Zdenka, Planicka, Stanislav, Seeger, Jan, Taschek, Marco, Volf, Michal, Pelikan, Martin, and Linhart, Vit
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Thünen-Baseline 2022 - 2032: Agrarökonomische Projektionen für Deutschland.
- Author
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Haß, Marlen, Deblitz, Claus, Freund, Florian, Kreins, Peter, Laquai, Verena, Offermann, Frank, Pelikan, Janine, Sturm, Viktoriya, Wegmann, Johannes, de Witte, Thomas, Wüstemann, Friedrich, and Zinnbauer, Maximilian
- Subjects
AGRICULTURAL economics ,AGRICULTURAL development ,REAL income ,DIETARY patterns ,AGRICULTURAL industries ,OILSEEDS - Abstract
Copyright of Thünen Report is the property of Thuenen Institut and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
31. The role of the Big Two in socially responsible behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic: Agency and communion in adolescents' personal norm and behavioral adherence to instituted measures.
- Author
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Korlat, Selma, Holzer, Julia, Reiter, Julia, Pelikan, Elisabeth Rosa, Schober, Barbara, Spiel, Christiane, and Lüftenegger, Marko
- Subjects
COVID-19 pandemic ,TEENAGE boys ,TEENAGERS ,PSYCHOLOGICAL factors ,TEENAGE girls ,VIRAL transmission - Abstract
The outbreak of the COVID-19 virus urged all members of the society to adopt COVID-responsible behavioral patterns and practice them in everyday life. Given the variability in its adoption, it is critical to understand psychological factors associated with socially responsible behavior during the pandemic. This might be even more important among adolescents, who are less endangered by the virus but contribute to its spread. In this article, we focus on adolescent boys' and girls' agency and communion orientations to explain the level of importance they attribute to the instituted measures to contain the spread of the COVID-19 virus (personal norm), as well as their behavioral adherence to those measures. In total, 12,552 adolescents (67.6% girls, M
age = 15.06, SDage = 2.44, age range 10–21) answered inventory assessing adolescents' agentic and communal orientation (GRI-JUG) and items related to personal norm regarding the instituted measures and behavioral adherence to the measures. The results showed a small positive role of communion in both boys' and girls' personal norm and behavioral adherence, whereas agency played a very small negative role in boys' and girls' personal norm and boys' behavioral adherence to measures. Nevertheless, these findings could indicate the importance of enhancing communal traits and behaviors in both genders in order to assure socially responsible behavior during the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Augmented Reality in AEC Education: A Case Study.
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Urban, Harald, Pelikan, Gabriel, and Schranz, Christian
- Subjects
AUGMENTED reality ,BUILDING information modeling ,AUTOREGRESSIVE models ,ACADEMIC motivation ,DISTANCE education - Abstract
Augmented Reality (AR) is a Construction 4.0 technology that is seen as a site-extension of Building Information Modelling (BIM). In addition to the practical aspect within the design and construction processes AR can be used to support teaching through visualizations and interaction. This article presents a new AR platform called "AR-supported Teaching", applicable for both Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) education and as a Construction 4.0 technology. The aim of this project is to increase the amount of AEC AR content available for education and to introduce students to the productive use of AR. During its development, special attention was paid to the needs of the AEC industry. Users can employ BIM models to create AR scenes before adding animations and annotations without requiring programming skills. The AR platform enables interaction with remote experts and is therefore also suitable for distance learning. In a pilot study, use cases were defined and students tested the usability of the applications. The results were positive and additional suggestions for improvement were made. The feedback and motivation of the students indicate that AR has a future in education, especially if enough AEC AR content and practical use cases are available. The latter also concerns the application of AR in AEC practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Gesammelte Schriften. Kommentierte Ausgabe/Johann Georg Sulzer - Johann Jakob Bodmer. Briefwechsel. Kritische Ausgabe.
- Author
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Hees-Pelikan, Johannes
- Subjects
ENLIGHTENMENT ,AESTHETICS ,DISCOURSE ,GRAVE goods - Abstract
Copyright of Lessing Yearbook is the property of Wallstein Verlag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
34. Adaptation of the Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire (HLS 19 -Q) for Russian-Speaking Populations—International Collaboration across Germany, Israel, Kazakhstan, Russia, and the USA.
- Author
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Lopatina, Maria, Berens, Eva-Maria, Klinger, Julia, Levin-Zamir, Diane, Kostareva, Uliana, Aringazina, Altyn, Drapkina, Oxana, and Pelikan, Jürgen M.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. effect of self-efficacy on health literacy in the German population.
- Author
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Berens, Eva-Maria, Pelikan, Jürgen M, and Schaeffer, Doris
- Subjects
STATISTICS ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,CROSS-sectional method ,MULTIVARIATE analysis ,EFFECT sizes (Statistics) ,FUNCTIONAL status ,AGE distribution ,MULTIPLE regression analysis ,REGRESSION analysis ,SELF-efficacy ,HEALTH literacy ,SURVEYS ,PRE-tests & post-tests ,SEX distribution ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,SOCIAL status ,RESEARCH funding ,SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC factors ,DATA analysis ,ODDS ratio ,EDUCATIONAL attainment - Abstract
Concerning the determinants of health literacy (HL) mostly socio-demographic or -economic factors have been considered, much less so psychological factors such as self-efficacy. To date, it has mostly been considered to explain the relationship of HL and health outcomes. However, self-efficacy could also be an important determinant for HL. This study therefore examines the effect of self-efficacy on comprehensive HL within the general population in Germany. Data from the German HL Survey (HLS-GER), a cross-sectional, computer-assisted personal interview study among 2000 respondents aged 15+ years in 2014 were used. Self-efficacy was measured using the German version of general self-efficacy short scale (ASKU), comprehensive HL was measured using the German version of the European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire (HLS-EU-Q47). Correlation and multi-variate linear regression analyses were performed to analyze independent effects of socio-demographic factors—age, gender, social status, educational level and migration background—functional HL and self-efficacy on comprehensive HL. Self-efficacy and comprehensive HL are statistically significantly correlated (Spearman's Rho = 0.405; p < 0.01), respondents with better self-efficacy had better HL scores. Both concepts are significantly associated with most socio-demographic factors and functional HL. Self-efficacy showed the strongest association with HL in the multivariate analyses (model 2: β =0.310, p < 0.001). The effect size of the other predictors decreased, when adding self-efficacy into the equation, but remained statistically significant. Self-efficacy is a rather strong predictor of comprehensive HL. Future research and measures to improve HL should therefore take self-efficacy adequately into account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. ODSTAVITEV ZADNJEGA SLOVENSKEGA ŠKOFA V JULIJSKI KRAJINI – FRANČIŠKA BORGIE SEDEJA.
- Author
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PELIKAN, Egon
- Subjects
BISHOPS ,WORLD War II ,FASCISM ,CLERGY ,CABINET officers ,NATIONALISTS - Abstract
Copyright of Acta Histriae is the property of Historical Society of Southern Primorska of Koper and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Variants on the UBE2L3/YDJC Autoimmune Disease Risk Haplotype Increase UBE2L3 Expression by Modulating CCCTC‐Binding Factor and YY1 Binding.
- Author
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Gopalakrishnan, Jaanam, Tessneer, Kandice L., Fu, Yao, Pasula, Satish, Pelikan, Richard C., Kelly, Jennifer A., Wiley, Graham B., and Gaffney, Patrick M.
- Subjects
PROTEINS ,CHROMOSOMES ,GENETIC mutation ,SEQUENCE analysis ,GENETICS ,ELECTROPHORESIS ,NUCLEAR proteins ,GENETIC variation ,AUTOIMMUNE diseases ,SIGNAL peptides ,ALLELES ,QUANTITATIVE research ,PRECIPITIN tests ,RNA ,GENE expression ,CELLULAR signal transduction ,BIOINFORMATICS ,HAPLOTYPES ,ENZYMES ,EPSTEIN-Barr virus ,DISEASE susceptibility ,BIOLOGICAL assay ,OXIDOREDUCTASES ,SEX chromatin ,POLYMERASE chain reaction ,MEMBRANE proteins ,TRANSCRIPTION factors ,CARRIER proteins - Abstract
Objective: Genetic variants spanning UBE2L3 are associated with increased expression of the UBE2L3‐encoded E2 ubiquitin‐conjugating enzyme H7 (UbcH7), which facilitates activation of proinflammatory NF‐κB signaling and susceptibility to autoimmune diseases. We undertook this study to delineate how genetic variants carried on the UBE2L3/YDJC autoimmune risk haplotype function to drive hypermorphic UBE2L3 expression. Methods: We used bioinformatic analyses, electrophoretic mobility shift assays, and luciferase reporter assays to identify and functionally characterize allele‐specific effects of risk variants positioned in chromatin accessible regions of immune cells. Chromatin conformation capture with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (3C‐qPCR), chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)–qPCR, and small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown assays were performed on patient‐derived Epstein‐Barr virus–transformed B cells homozygous for the UBE2L3/YDJC nonrisk or risk haplotype to determine if the risk haplotype increases UBE2L3 expression by altering the regulatory chromatin architecture in the region. Results: Of the 7 prioritized variants, 5 demonstrated allele‐specific increases in nuclear protein binding affinity and regulatory activity. High‐throughput sequencing of chromosome conformation capture coupled with ChIP (HiChIP) and 3C‐qPCR uncovered a long‐range interaction between the UBE2L3 promoter (rs140490, rs140491, rs11089620) and the downstream YDJC promoter (rs3747093) that was strengthened in the presence of the UBE2L3/YDJC risk haplotype, and correlated with the loss of CCCTC‐binding factor (CTCF) and gain of YY1 binding at the risk alleles. Depleting YY1 by siRNA disrupted the long‐range interaction between the 2 promoters and reduced UBE2L3 expression. Conclusion: The UBE2L3/YDJC autoimmune risk haplotype increases UBE2L3 expression through strengthening a YY1‐mediated interaction between the UBE2L3 and YDJC promoters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Students' basic needs and well‐being during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A two‐country study of basic psychological need satisfaction, intrinsic learning motivation, positive emotion and the moderating role of self‐regulated learning.
- Author
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Holzer, Julia, Lüftenegger, Marko, Käser, Udo, Korlat, Selma, Pelikan, Elisabeth, Schultze‐Krumbholz, Anja, Spiel, Christiane, Wachs, Sebastian, and Schober, Barbara
- Subjects
COVID-19 pandemic ,INTRINSIC motivation ,EMOTIONS ,BASIC needs ,SELF-determination theory ,TEAM learning approach in education - Abstract
COVID‐19 and its containment measures have uniquely challenged adolescent well‐being. Following self‐determination theory (SDT), the present research seeks to identify characteristics that relate to well‐being in terms of positive emotion and intrinsic learning motivation under distance schooling conditions and whether SDT's core postulates hold true in this exceptional situation. Feeling competent and autonomous concerning schoolwork, and socially related to others were hypothesised to relate to positive emotion and intrinsic learning motivation. The role of self‐regulated learning (SRL) as a moderator was considered. Self‐reports were collected from 19,967 secondary school students in Austria (Study 1) and Germany (Study 2). In both studies, structural equation modelling revealed that all basic needs were associated with positive emotion, and that competence and autonomy were associated with intrinsic learning motivation. Moderation effects of SRL were identified in Study 1 only: The association of autonomy and both outcomes and the association of competence and intrinsic learning motivation varied with the level of SRL. The results highlight the relevance of basic psychological need satisfaction and SRL in a situation in which adolescents are confronted with a sudden loss of daily routines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Distance learning in higher education during COVID-19: The role of basic psychological needs and intrinsic motivation for persistence and procrastination–a multi-country study.
- Author
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Pelikan, Elisabeth R., Korlat, Selma, Reiter, Julia, Holzer, Julia, Mayerhofer, Martin, Schober, Barbara, Spiel, Christiane, Hamzallari, Oriola, Uka, Ana, Chen, Jiarui, Välimäki, Maritta, Puharić, Zrinka, Anusionwu, Kelechi Evans, Okocha, Angela Nkem, Zabrodskaja, Anastassia, Salmela-Aro, Katariina, Käser, Udo, Schultze-Krumbholz, Anja, Wachs, Sebastian, and Friðriksson, Finnur
- Subjects
INTRINSIC motivation ,COVID-19 ,DISTANCE education ,BASIC needs ,PASSIVITY (Psychology) ,ACTIVE learning - Abstract
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, higher educational institutions worldwide switched to emergency distance learning in early 2020. The less structured environment of distance learning forced students to regulate their learning and motivation more independently. According to self-determination theory (SDT), satisfaction of the three basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence and social relatedness affects intrinsic motivation, which in turn relates to more active or passive learning behavior. As the social context plays a major role for basic need satisfaction, distance learning may impair basic need satisfaction and thus intrinsic motivation and learning behavior. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between basic need satisfaction and procrastination and persistence in the context of emergency distance learning during the COVID-19 pandemic in a cross-sectional study. We also investigated the mediating role of intrinsic motivation in this relationship. Furthermore, to test the universal importance of SDT for intrinsic motivation and learning behavior under these circumstances in different countries, we collected data in Europe, Asia and North America. A total of N = 15,462 participants from Albania, Austria, China, Croatia, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Iceland, Japan, Kosovo, Lithuania, Poland, Malta, North Macedonia, Romania, Sweden, and the US answered questions regarding perceived competence, autonomy, social relatedness, intrinsic motivation, procrastination, persistence, and sociodemographic background. Our results support SDT's claim of universality regarding the relation between basic psychological need fulfilment, intrinsic motivation, procrastination, and persistence. However, whereas perceived competence had the highest direct effect on procrastination and persistence, social relatedness was mainly influential via intrinsic motivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Why Autonomous Driving Is So Hard: The Social Dimension of Traffic.
- Author
-
Pelikan, Hannah R. M.
- Subjects
AUTONOMOUS vehicles ,DRIVERLESS cars ,ROAD users ,ROAD interchanges & intersections ,VIDEO recording ,TRAFFIC flow ,AUTOMOBILES - Abstract
Smooth traffic presupposes fine coordination between different actors, such as pedestrians, cyclists and car drivers. When autonomous vehicles join regular traffic, they need to coordinate with humans on the road. Prior work has often studied and designed for interaction with autonomous vehicles in structured environments such as traffic intersections. This paper describes aspects of coordination also in less structured situations during mundane maneuvers such as overtaking. Taking an ethnomethodological and conversation analytic approach, the paper analyzes video recordings of self-driving shuttle buses in Sweden. Initial findings suggest that the shuttle buses currently do not comply with cyclists' expectations of social coordination in traffic. The paper highlights that communication and coordination with human road users is crucial for smooth flow of traffic and successful deployment of autonomous vehicles also in less structured traffic environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. "Are You Sad, Cozmo?" How Humans Make Sense of a Home Robot's Emotion Displays.
- Author
-
Pelikan, Hannah R. M., Broth, Mathias, and Keevallik, Leelo
- Subjects
EMOTIONS ,HUMAN behavior ,SOCIAL robots ,ROBOTS ,ROBOT design & construction ,HUMAN-machine relationship ,SHARED workspaces - Abstract
This paper explores how humans interpret displays of emotion produced by a social robot in real world situated interaction. Taking a multimodal conversation analytic approach, we analyze video data of families interacting with a Cozmo robot in their homes. Focusing on one happy and one sad robot animation, we study, on a turn-by-turn basis, how participants respond to audible and visible robot behavior designed to display emotion. We show how emotion animations are consequential for interactional progressivity: While displays of happiness typically move the interaction forward, displays of sadness regularly lead to a reconsideration of previous actions by humans. Furthermore, in making sense of the robot animations people may move beyond the designer's reported intentions, actually broadening the opportunities for their subsequent engagement. We discuss how sadness functions as an interactional "rewind button" and how the inherent vagueness of emotion displays can be deployed in design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Adolescent well-being and learning in times of COVID-19—A multi-country study of basic psychological need satisfaction, learning behavior, and the mediating roles of positive emotion and intrinsic motivation.
- Author
-
Holzer, Julia, Korlat, Selma, Haider, Christian, Mayerhofer, Martin, Pelikan, Elisabeth, Schober, Barbara, Spiel, Christiane, Toumazi, Toumazis, Salmela-Aro, Katariina, Käser, Udo, Schultze-Krumbholz, Anja, Wachs, Sebastian, Dabas, Mukul, Verma, Suman, Iliev, Dean, Andonovska-Trajkovska, Daniela, Plichta, Piotr, Pyżalski, Jacek, Walter, Natalia, and Michałek-Kwiecień, Justyna
- Subjects
INTRINSIC motivation ,EMOTIONS ,COVID-19 ,PASSIVITY (Psychology) ,COVID-19 pandemic ,LEARNING - Abstract
The sudden switch to distance education to contain the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has fundamentally altered adolescents' lives around the globe. The present research aims to identify psychological characteristics that relate to adolescents' well-being in terms of positive emotion and intrinsic learning motivation, and key characteristics of their learning behavior in a situation of unplanned, involuntary distance education. Following Self-Determination Theory, experienced competence, autonomy, and relatedness were assumed to relate to active learning behavior (i.e., engagement and persistence), and negatively relate to passive learning behavior (i.e., procrastination), mediated via positive emotion and intrinsic learning motivation. Data were collected via online questionnaires in altogether eight countries from Europe, Asia, and North America (N = 25,305) and comparable results across countries were expected. Experienced competence was consistently found to relate to positive emotion and intrinsic learning motivation, and, in turn, active learning behavior in terms of engagement and persistence. The study results further highlight the role of perceived relatedness for positive emotion. The high proportions of explained variance speak in favor of taking these central results into account when designing distance education in times of COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Learning during COVID-19: the role of self-regulated learning, motivation, and procrastination for perceived competence.
- Author
-
Pelikan, Elisabeth Rosa, Lüftenegger, Marko, Holzer, Julia, Korlat, Selma, Spiel, Christiane, and Schober, Barbara
- Abstract
Copyright of Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Gender Differences in Digital Learning During COVID-19: Competence Beliefs, Intrinsic Value, Learning Engagement, and Perceived Teacher Support.
- Author
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Korlat, Selma, Kollmayer, Marlene, Holzer, Julia, Lüftenegger, Marko, Pelikan, Elisabeth Rosa, Schober, Barbara, and Spiel, Christiane
- Subjects
COVID-19 ,GENDER role ,GENDER ,COVID-19 pandemic ,GENDER studies ,VIRTUAL classrooms - Abstract
The spread of the COVID-19 pandemic quickly necessitated digital learning, which bore challenges for all pupils but especially for groups disadvantaged in a virtual classroom. As some studies indicate persistent differences between boys and girls in use of technologies and related skills, the aim of this study was to investigate gender differences in the digital learning environment students faced in spring 2020. Previous studies investigating gender differences in digital learning largely used biological sex as the only indicator of gender. This study includes both biological sex and gender role self-concept in order to investigate the role of gender in different components of this stereotyped domain in a more differentiated way. A total of 19,190 Austrian secondary school students (61.9% girls, M
age = 14.55, SDage = 2.49, age range 10–21) participated in an online study in April 2020 and answered questions regarding their competence beliefs, intrinsic value, engagement, and perceived teacher support in digital learning during the pandemic-induced school closures. Results showed higher perceived teacher support, intrinsic value, and learning engagement among girls than boys, while no significant sex differences were found in competence beliefs regarding digital learning. Furthermore, our results indicated clear benefits of an androgynous gender role self-concept for all studied components of digital learning. Implications of the findings for theory and practice are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Amateur and Recreational Athletes' Motivation to Exercise, Stress, and Coping During the Corona Crisis.
- Author
-
Lautenbach, Franziska, Leisterer, Sascha, Walter, Nadja, Kronenberg, Lara, Manges, Theresa, Leis, Oliver, Pelikan, Vincent, Gebhardt, Sabrina, and Elbe, Anne-Marie
- Subjects
AMATEUR athletes ,COVID-19 pandemic ,SOCIAL distancing ,MOTIVATION (Psychology) ,EXERCISE ,WOMEN athletes - Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted mobility worldwide. As a corollary, the health of top- and lower-level athletes alike is profoundly reliant on movement and exercise. Thus, the aim of this study is to understand impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on athletes' motivation to exercise and train. In detail, we aim to better understand who (i.e., demographic, sport-specific, and psychological state and trait variables) reported a change in motivation to train due to the lockdown, why they reported lower motivation (i.e., open-ended questions on problems), what they did to help themselves, what support they received from others, and what they are looking forward to after the lockdown (i.e., open questions). Questionnaire data and answers to these open-ended questions were assessed via an online questionnaire, completed by 95 amateur and recreational athletes during the first COVID-19 lockdown in Germany (April to mid-May 2020). Results show that greater numbers of female athletes are less motivated to train in comparison to male athletes (p = 0.029). No differences in motivation were found regarding type of sport (individual vs. team sport) and number of competitions during the year. Also, more motivated to train amateur and recreational athletes showed lower athletic identity than athletes who reported no change in motivation to exercise during the lockdown (p = 0.03). Additionally, differences in state emotional, perceived stress, and personality variables (i.e., orientation to happiness, volition) were found between athletes who stated that they were less motivated to train compared to athletes who reported no changes in motivation. In particular, closure of sports facilities and social distancing measures were perceived to be highly problematic. Even though athletes received emotional support, organized themselves via routines and schedules, and trained using online tools, they predominately stated that they wished that their coaches would have supported them more. Understanding the impacts of a pandemic-related lockdown on athletes' motivation, athletes' coping strategies, and their desired support will help better support them in future crises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. 'The time where the British took the lead is over': ethical aspects of writing in complex research partnerships.
- Author
-
Pelikan, Kristina, Jeffery, Roger, and Roelcke, Thorsten
- Subjects
PUBLIC health research ,INTERDISCIPLINARY research ,WRITTEN communication ,POWER (Social sciences) ,SOCIAL science research ,PUBLIC health ethics - Abstract
Writing reflects some of the different characteristics of the language being used and of the people who are communicating. The present paper focusses on the internal written communication in international and inter-disciplinary research projects. Using a case study of an international public health research project, it argues that the authorship and the languages used in internal project communication are not neutral but help to generate or reinforce power hierarchies. Within research partnerships, language thus raises ethical issues that have so far been neglected. Current ethics guidelines often focus on interactions between scientists and participants of social research and clinical trials, with less attention paid to the interactions among the scientists themselves. Describing all the different project phases based on writing within a research project, the paper distinguishes different influences on the distribution of power that emerge through a focus on written communication. The focus of the present paper is to illuminate the issues of ethics, power and the dimensions of hierarchy, physical location and native versus non-native English speakers that arise from paying attention to such communications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Higher Education in Times of COVID-19: University Students' Basic Need Satisfaction, Self-Regulated Learning, and Well-Being.
- Author
-
Holzer, Julia, Lüftenegger, Marko, Korlat, Selma, Pelikan, Elisabeth, Salmela-Aro, Katariina, Spiel, Christiane, and Schober, Barbara
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Single Cell Transcriptomics Implicate Novel Monocyte and T Cell Immune Dysregulation in Sarcoidosis.
- Author
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Garman, Lori, Pelikan, Richard C., Rasmussen, Astrid, Lareau, Caleb A., Savoy, Kathryn A., Deshmukh, Umesh S., Bagavant, Harini, Levin, Albert M., Daouk, Salim, Drake, Wonder P., and Montgomery, Courtney G.
- Subjects
T cells ,SUPPRESSOR cells ,CHEMOKINE receptors ,SARCOIDOSIS ,PATTERN perception receptors - Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a systemic inflammatory disease characterized by infiltration of immune cells into granulomas. Previous gene expression studies using heterogeneous cell mixtures lack insight into cell-type-specific immune dysregulation. We performed the first single-cell RNA-sequencing study of sarcoidosis in peripheral immune cells in 48 patients and controls. Following unbiased clustering, differentially expressed genes were identified for 18 cell types and bioinformatically assessed for function and pathway enrichment. Our results reveal persistent activation of circulating classical monocytes with subsequent upregulation of trafficking molecules. Specifically, classical monocytes upregulated distinct markers of activation including adhesion molecules, pattern recognition receptors, and chemokine receptors, as well as enrichment of immunoregulatory pathways HMGB1, mTOR, and ephrin receptor signaling. Predictive modeling implicated TGFβ and mTOR signaling as drivers of persistent monocyte activation. Additionally, sarcoidosis T cell subsets displayed patterns of dysregulation. CD4 naïve T cells were enriched for markers of apoptosis and Th17/T
reg differentiation, while effector T cells showed enrichment of anergy-related pathways. Differentially expressed genes in regulatory T cells suggested dysfunctional p53, cell death, and TNFR2 signaling. Using more sensitive technology and more precise units of measure, we identify cell-type specific, novel inflammatory and regulatory pathways. Based on our findings, we suggest a novel model involving four convergent arms of dysregulation: persistent hyperactivation of innate and adaptive immunity via classical monocytes and CD4 naïve T cells, regulatory T cell dysfunction, and effector T cell anergy. We further our understanding of the immunopathology of sarcoidosis and point to novel therapeutic targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. FEST – New Procedure for Evaluation of Sensitivity Experiments.
- Author
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Selesovsky, Jakub, Pelikan, Vojtech, Schuster, Jaroslav, Janovský, Břetislav, and Matyáš, Robert
- Subjects
MONTE Carlo method ,CUMULATIVE distribution function ,RECEIVER operating characteristic curves ,LOGNORMAL distribution ,ALGORITHMS ,ELECTROSTATIC discharges ,PROBIT analysis ,DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory) - Abstract
The sensitivity of energetic materials to initiating stimuli is one of the tests with binary response. Usually, there is not a single sharp boundary between energy levels causing initiation and not causing initiation. Instead, there is an interval of energies causing the initiation with certain probability, called the sensitivity curve. In the past, various methods were developed to determine the whole sensitivity curve, or its important points (e. g. Bruceton staircase, Robbins‐Monroe, Langlie, Probit analysis, or Neyer's D‐optimal test, 3pod). All these methods, despite frequently used, have their limitations. We would like to introduce the new method/algorithm, called FEST (Fast and Efficient Sensitivity Testing), for the determination of a sensitivity curve. The sensitivity curve is represented by the cumulative distribution function for a lognormal distribution. The calculation of the level for the next shot is similar to Neyer's approach in the beginning of the test procedure. Later, after the overlap is reached and therefore unique maximum likelihood estimates for μ and σ exist, the next shot level is calculated from these parameters using two user‐defined constants. These constants can be used to shift the levels of testing into the area of interest of the sensitivity curve. In this article, the algorithm is introduced, its convergence to real values is supported by simple Monte Carlo simulations, and a real life example (determination of sensitivity to electrostatic discharge for a pyrotechnic mixture) is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Novel ovarian cancer maintenance therapy targeted at mortalin and mutant p53.
- Author
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Ramraj, Satish K., Elayapillai, Sugantha P., Pelikan, Richard C., Zhao, Yan D., Isingizwe, Zitha R., Kennedy, Amy L., Lightfoot, Stanley A., and Benbrook, Doris M.
- Subjects
OVARIAN cancer ,CANCER treatment ,FALLOPIAN tubes ,DISEASE relapse ,EPITHELIAL cells ,PHYLLODES tumors ,OVARIAN epithelial cancer - Abstract
Current ovarian cancer maintenance therapy is limited by toxicity and no proven impact on overall survival. To study a maintenance strategy targeted at missense mutant p53, we hypothesized that the release of mutant p53 from mortalin inhibition by the SHetA2 drug combined with reactivation of mutant p53 with the PRIMA‐1MET drug inhibits growth and tumor establishment synergistically in a mutant‐p53 dependent manner. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data and serous ovarian tumors were evaluated for TP53 and HSPA9/mortalin status. SHetA2 and PRIMA‐1MET were tested in ovarian cancer cell lines and fallopian tube secretory epithelial cells using isobolograms, fluorescent cytometry, Western blots and ELISAs. Drugs were administered to mice after peritoneal injection of MESOV mutant p53 ovarian cancer cells and prior to tumor establishment, which was evaluated by logistic regression. Fifty‐eight percent of TP53 mutations were missense and there were no mortalin mutations in TCGA high‐grade serous ovarian cancers. Mortalin levels were sequentially increased in serous benign, borderline and carcinoma tumors. SHetA2 caused p53 nuclear and mitochondrial accumulation in cancer, but not in healthy, cells. Endogenous or exogenous mutant p53 increased SHetA2 resistance. PRIMA‐1MET decreased this resistance and interacted synergistically with SHetA2 in mutant and wild type p53‐expressing cell lines in association with elevated reactive oxygen species/ATP ratios. Tumor‐free rates in animals were 0% (controls), 25% (PRIMA1MET), 42% (SHetA2) and 67% (combination). SHetA2 (p = 0.004) and PRIMA1MET (p = 0.048) functioned additively in preventing tumor development with no observed toxicity. These results justify the development of SHetA2 and PRIMA‐1MET alone and in combination for ovarian cancer maintenance therapy. What's new? Ovarian cancer patients need an effective maintenance therapy with minimal toxicity to prevent deadly recurrence of the disease. In this paper, the authors focused on reactivating missense mutant p53. Most high grade serous ovarian cancer contains mutations in p53, which can confer resistance to therapy. The authors tested SHetA2, a drug that frees p53 from sequestration by the protein mortalin, combined with a p53 activating drug, PRIMA‐1MET. The two drugs combined achieved a 67% tumor‐free rate in mice, higher than either alone. This success fuels further testing of the two agents as combination therapy for ovarian cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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