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Leptin influences eating behavior. Exposure to early adversity is associated with eating behaviour disorders and metabolic syndrome, but the role of the leptin receptor on this relationship is poorly explored. We investigated whether individual differences in brain region specific leptin receptor (LepR) gene networks could moderate the effects of early adversity on eating behavior and metabolism. We created an expression-based polygenic risk score (ePRS) reflecting variations in the function of LepR gene network in prefrontal cortex and hypothalamus to investigate the interactions between a cumulative index of postnatal adversity on eating behavior in two independent birth cohorts (MAVAN and GUSTO). To explore whether variations in the prefrontal cortex or hypothalamic genetic scores could be associated with metabolic measurements, we also assessed the relationship between LepR-ePRS and fasting blood glucose and leptin levels in a third independent cohort (ALSPAC). We identified significant interaction effects between postnatal adversity and prefrontal-based LepR-ePRS on the Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire scores. In MAVAN, we observed a significant interaction effect on food enjoyment at 48 months (β = 61.58, p = 0.015) and 72 months (β = 97.78, p = 0.001); food responsiveness at 48 months (β = 83.79, p = 0.009) satiety at 48 months (β = −43.63, p = 0.047). Similar results were observed in the GUSTO cohort, with a significant interaction effect on food enjoyment (β = 30.48, p = 0.006) food fussiness score (β = −24.07, p = 0.02) and satiety score at 60 months (β = −17.00, p = 0.037). No effects were found when focusing on the hypothalamus-based LepR-ePRS on eating behavior in MAVAN and GUSTO cohorts, and there was no effect of hypothalamus and prefrontal cortex based ePRSs on metabolic measures in ALSPAC. Our study indicated that exposure to postnatal adversity interacts with prefrontal cortex LepR-ePRS to moderate eating behavior, suggesting a neurobiological mechanism associated with the development of eating behavior problems in response to early adversity. The knowledge of these mechanisms may guide the understanding of eating patterns associated with risk for obesity in response to fluctuations in stress exposure early in life. An expression-based polygenic risk score analysis of leptin receptor (LepR) genes suggests that LepR-specific genes co-expressed in the prefrontal cortex interact with exposure to postnatal adversity, potentially modulating eating behavior in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Perceptions of Dating Infidelity Scale (PDIS) assesses how people perceive infidelity through specific behaviors. Originally developed by Wilson et al. (2011), it contains 12 items distributed into three factors: (1) ambiguous, (2) deceptive, and (3) explicit behaviors. In the present research, translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and validation of the PDIS in Brazilian Portuguese were performed. First, qualitative analyses took place: translation, translation synthesis, content validation, pre-test, and reverse translation. Then, quantitative analyses were conducted: psychometric parameter tests with confirmatory factor analysis and reliability. A total of 252 participants were recruited, 160 of whom were female (63.5%). The results indicated consistent PDIS adequacy (conceptual and idiomatic equivalences); satisfactory content validity coefficients regarding language clarity, practical pertinence, and theoretical relevance; and an almost perfect level of consensus regarding the theoretical dimension. The application of the pre-test was proven to be a good parameter for estimating the comprehension of the instrument in the culture for which it was intended. Confirmatory factor analysis showed good indices of adjustment quality of the tested trifactorial model (three factors being identified with ambiguous, deceptive, and explicit behaviors). Therefore, the structure indicated in the original version was corroborated and the instrument's reliability confirmed. The Brazilian Portuguese PDIS is a useful tool for evaluating infidelity perceptions in the Brazilian culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: southern brown howler monkey (Alouatta guariba clamitans) is a specie of New World primate present mainly in Brazilian territory and restricted to the Atlantic Forest biome, with its geographic distribution covering the Southeast, South to an extreme South of the state of Bahia to a small part in the province of Misiones, Argentina. Currently, the brown howler monkey is divided into two subspecies: Alouatta guariba guariba and Alouatta guariba clamitans. Studies on this species and other species of non-human primates from Atlantic Forest are extremely important to understand and prevent sanitary crises and fauna loss, as many of them share diseases with humans, such as yellow fever. This study aims to group the general surface musculature anatomy of the Southern brown howler monkey, as there are few studies of anatomy on these species. Additionally, a brief evaluation of the use of the plastination technique was performed in the anatomical description with its implications. For this, anatomical dissection of two adult male and one female specimens of Alouatta guariba clamitans was performed. The three specimens were dissected, evidencing the superficial musculature, with 100 muscles distributed at the body, being all identified and photographed. By the end of this study only one male specimen had completed the plastination process. This study had, for organization based on the muscle groups, the article The Anatomy of Common Marmoset by Casteleyn and Bakker, followed by the International Veterinary Anatomical Nomina. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Estudos de Segurança Pública is the property of Academia de Policia Militar de Goias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Variations in serotoninergic signaling have been related to behavioral outcomes. Alterations in the genome, such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, are affected by serotonin neurotransmission. The amygdala is an important brain region involved in emotional responses and impulsivity, which receives serotoninergic input. In addition, studies suggest that the serotonin transporter gene network may interact with the environment and influence the risk for psychiatric disorders. We propose to investigate whether/how interactions between the exposure to early life adversity and serotonin transporter gene network in the amygdala associate with behavioral disorders. We constructed a co-expression-based polygenic risk score (ePRS) reflecting variations in the function of the serotonin transporter gene network in the amygdala and investigated its interaction with postnatal adversity on attention problems in two independent cohorts from Canada and Singapore. We also described how interactions between ePRS-5-HTT and postnatal adversity exposure predict brain gray matter density and variation in DNA methylation across the genome. We observed that the expression-based polygenic risk score, reflecting the function of the amygdala 5-HTT gene network, interacts with postnatal adversity, to predict attention and hyperactivity problems across both cohorts. Also, both postnatal adversity score and amygdala ePRS-5-HTT score, as well as their interaction, were observed to be associated with variation in DNA methylation across the genome. Variations in gray matter density in brain regions linked to attentional processes were also correlated to our ePRS score. These results confirm that the amygdala 5-HTT gene network is strongly associated with ADHD-related behaviors, brain cortical density, and epigenetic changes in the context of adversity in young children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Type-2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with endothelial dysfunction, increase in sympathetic tone and several cardiovascular disorders, such as systemic arterial hypertension and coronary artery disease.Aims: To determine the effects of resistance training (RT) on the responses of nitric oxide (NO) and blood pressure (BP) in individuals with T2D and their controls peers.Methods: Randomized controlled trial in which T2D patients and non-diabetic individuals (ND) performed 8 weeks of RT. Participants were 22 women and 12 men (age 62.3 ± 2.5 years) that were randomly allocated into four groups: T2D training (n = 9), ND training (n = 10), T2D control (n = 8), and ND control (n = 7). NO and BP were measured before and after the whole intervention.Results: There were no significant differences in nitrite concentrations between and within groups, with values varying between 1.22 ± 0.15 and 1.45 ± 0.13 Log µM. The T2D and ND experimental groups decreased systolic blood pressure (SBP) by 8.1 and 1.4 mmHg, respectively. However, the control groups showed elevation of SBP (3.6 mmHg for T2D and 4.1 mmHg for ND). Although none of these changes were significant (p > 0.05). In addition, T2D subjects who did not undergo the training increased diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.030) and mean arterial pressure (p = 0.054).Conclusions: Eight weeks of RT does not increase NO bioavailability, and in turn, does not reduce BP in T2D patients—though it prevented its increase.Trial registration: ensaiosclinicos.gov.br (ID: RBR-4d39z9). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Fisioterapia Brasil is the property of Atlantica Editora and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction Opioid use patterns of individuals with noncancer pain are influenced by the behavioural dynamics of the individual in managing and properly following the prescription. The use of assessment tools for measuring the risk of behaviour suggestive of opioid abuse is important for health professionals who provide care to individuals with non-cancer pain. The aim of the proposed review is to analyse the psychometric properties of tools for measuring the risk of behaviour suggestive of opioid abuse in adults with non-cancer pain. Methods and analysis The review process will be based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols. The Consensus-Based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments will be used to analyse the assessment tools. Two independent reviewers will perform the literature search and analysis procedures. Searches will be performed on PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, Scopus, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature databases, and the 'snowball' strategy will be employed. The inclusion criteria will be (1) validation studies, (2) assessment tools designed exclusively for measuring the risk of behaviour suggestive of opioid abuse and (3) assessment tools designed for evaluation of adults with chronic non-cancer pain. The titles and abstracts of the studies retrieved from the databases will be analysed for the preselection of articles, which will be submitted to a full-text analysis to define the final sample. Divergence of opinion between two reviewers will be resolved by consulting a third reviewer. Ethics and dissemination The review will offer an overview of assessment tools available for measuring the risk of behaviour suggestive of opioid abuse, which is relevant to reducing the risk of deaths due to abusive consumption and for clinical management of adults with chronic non-cancer pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Hypertension in pregnancy plays a key role in perinatal morbidity and mortality. This study aims to analyze maternal and perinatal outcomes associated with hypertension in pregnant women. Methods: A prospective longitudinal study was conducted at the University Hospital of Santa Maria, RS, Brazil, involving hypertensive pregnant women admitted for delivery. The results were analyzed using the chi-square test and the Mann-Whitney test. Results: Of the 162 hypertensive pregnant women studied, 61.1% were diagnosed with preeclampsia. Cesarean section was the most frequent mode of delivery (79.6%). Overall, 46.2% of newborns were premature; of these, 23.4% required intensive neonatal care. Preeclampsia and severe preeclampsia were associated with prematurity in 56.2% of cases (p = 0.011) and 75.7% of cases (p = 0.004), respectively. Severe preeclampsia was associated with neonatal complications (45.9%), and no neonatal complications were associated with mild preeclampsia in 78% (p = 0.014) and gestational hypertension in 96% (p = 0.001). Neonatal deaths occurred in 11.1% of cases admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit, corresponding to a neonatal mortality rate of 24 per 1,000 live births. Conclusions: The association of severe preeclampsia with prematurity and adverse perinatal outcomes corroborates the need for care of these laboring women in referral centers with specialized neonatal care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction The abuse of alcohol and other drugs is a worldwide problem, the treatment of which poses a challenge to healthcare workers. Objective This study presents a proposal for a systematic review to analyse the psychometric properties of assessment tools developed to measure the self-efficacy of drug users with regard to resisting the urge to take drugs in high-risk situations. Methods and Analysis The guiding question was based on PICOS (Population Intervention Comparator Outcome Setting), and the report of the methods of review protocol was written in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P). Searches will be performed in the PsycINFO, Cochrane, Pubmed, Web of Science, SCOPUS and CINAHL databases, followed by the use of the 'snowball' strategy. The inclusion criteria for the articles will be (1) assessment tool validation studies; (2) assessment tools developed to measure self-efficacy; (3) quantitative measures; (4) measures designed for use on adults; (5) data from self-reports of the participants; (6) studies involving a description of psychometric properties of the measures; and (7) studies that explain how the level of self-efficacy is scored. The search, selection and analysis will be performed by two independent reviewers. In cases of a divergence of opinion, a third reviewer will be consulted. The COSMIN checklist will be used for the appraisal of the methodological quality of the assessment tools and the certainty of the evidence in the articles (risk of bias) will be analysed using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) approach. Ethics and dissemination This protocol does not require ethical approval. However, this protocol is part of the thesis entitled Drug-Taking Confidence Questionnaire for use in Brazil, presented for obtaining a doctorate in neuropsychiatry and behavioural sciences from the Federal University of Pernambuco, and has received approval from the human research ethics committee of the Federal University of Pernambuco (reference number: 1.179.162). The results will be disseminated to clinicians and researchers through peer-reviewed publications and conferences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/objectives: High fat diet (HFD) is a major contributor to the development of obesity and cardiovascular diseases due to the induction of cardiac structural and hemodynamic abnormalities. We used a model of diabetic cardiomyopathy in C57Bl/6 mice fed with a HFD to investigate the effects of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), a cytokine known for its beneficial effects in the heart, on cardiac anatomical and functional abnormalities associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes.Methods: Groups of C57Bl/6 mice were fed with standard diet (n = 8) or HFD (n = 16). After 36 weeks, HFD animals were divided into a group treated with G-CSF + standard diet (n = 8) and a vehicle control group + standard diet (n = 8). Cardiac structure and function were assessed by electrocardiography, echocardiography and treadmill tests, in addition to the evaluation of body weight, fasting glicemia, insulin and glucose tolerance at different time points. Histological analyses were performed in the heart tissue.Results: HFD consumption induced metabolic alterations characteristic of type 2 diabetes and obesity, as well as cardiac fibrosis and reduced exercise capacity. Upon returning to a standard diet, obese mice body weight returned to non-obese levels. G-CSF administration accelerated the reduction in of body weight in obese mice. Additionally, G-CSF treatment reduced insulin levels, diminished heart fibrosis, increased exercise capacity and reversed cardiac alterations, including bradycardia, elevated QRS amplitude, augmented P amplitude, increased septal wall thickness, left ventricular posterior thickening and cardiac output reduction.Conclusion: Our results indicate that G-CSF administration caused beneficial effects on obesity-associated cardiac impairment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Bioetica is the property of Conselho Federal de Medicina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Trends in Psychiatry & Psychotherapy is the property of Associacao de Psiquiatria do Rio Grande do Sul and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Eletrônica de Ciência Administrativa is the property of Instituto Brasileiro de Estudos e Pesquisas Sociais and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agricultural Research in the Tropics / Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical is the property of Pesquisa Agropecuaria Tropical and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

An error occurred during the publication of the original article [1] which led to the text being incorrectly converted into Portuguese. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstrato: FUNDO: A depressão é uma das principais causas de incapacidade crônica em todo o mundo e um importante fator de risco cardiovascular, aumentando o risco relativo de doença arterial coronariana, bem como as taxas de morbimortalidade cardiovascular. Concomitantemente à alta prevalência de depressão, houve uma redução na exposição à luz solar com o aumento da urbanização e do uso de protetores solares, o que levou a uma redução nos níveis séricos de 25-hidroxivitamina D. Portanto, este artigo descreve uma protocolo para um ensaio clínico com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da suplementação de vitamina D na depressão e fatores de risco cardiovascular para contribuir com evidências sobre a influência potencial da suplementação na regulação do humor. MéTODOS: Este estudo de protocolo foi orientado pelos itens de protocolo padrão: recomendações para ensaios intervencionistas. Um ensaio clínico randomizado, controlado por placebo, duplo-cego será realizado envolvendo 224 adultos (faixa etária de 18 a 60 anos) com depressão que estão tomando antidepressivos e não têm histórico de suplementação de vitamina D, comorbidades psiquiátricas, doença renal crônica, hipercalcemia, ou neoplasia. Os participantes serão recrutados nos ambulatórios psiquiátricos de duas universidades do nordeste do Brasil. Os participantes elegíveis que fornecerem consentimento por escrito serão designados aleatoriamente para o grupo de intervenção (n = 112; suplementação de vitamina D 50.000 UI por semana durante 6 meses) ou para o grupo controle (n = 112; placebo tomado semanalmente por 6 meses). Medidas para monitorar sintomas depressivos, exames clínicos e exames laboratoriais para avaliar fatores de risco cardiovascular e níveis séricos de vitamina D serão realizadas antes e após o período de intervenção. DISCUSSãO: Até onde sabemos, este será o primeiro ensaio clínico com o objetivo de testar a eficácia da suplementação de vitamina D na redução do risco cardiovascular e como um adjuvante à terapia da depressão por um período prolongado (6 meses). Os resultados contribuirão para a compreensão dos efeitos terapêuticos da suplementação de vitamina D no tratamento da depressão e podem ajudar a orientar políticas públicas direcionadas à suplementação de vitamina para a redução do risco cardiovascular.Registro De Teste: Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos, RBR-6yj8sj/ Número Universal de Ensaios (UTN) U1111-1217-9237 . Registrado em 23 de julho de 2018. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Pain Medication Questionnaire (PMQ) assesses the risk of opioid abuse in people with non-oncological chronic pain.Methods: This is a methodological study conducted at a hemotherapy centre in Recife, Pernambuco state, Brazil. A Cross-cultural adaptation was carried out by a committee of nine specialists, and we applied the PMQ to a pre-final sample of 40 individuals with sickle cell anemia, in addition to a sociodemographic and clinical questionnaire.Results: The mean agreement indexes for PMQ equivalences were the following: semantic (0.996), idiomatic (0.970), experiential (0.991), conceptual (0.953), language clarity (0.991), practical relevance (0.906), and theoretical relevance (0.945). Assessment of the PMQ showed that 50% of participants obtained a score equivalent to medium risk of opioid abuse. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the adapted PMQ instrument was 0.705, ranging from 0.641 to 0.736 among its items.Conclusion: The cross-cultural adaptation of the Pain Medication Questionnaire was satisfactory and easy to apply in the Brazilian population. It is clinically relevant, contributing professional practice and enlightening patients with sickle cell anemia on their behavioral dynamics with respect to opioid consumption. It will also contribute to teaching and research, because it is a useful tool for investigating the risk of abusive behavior in people with chronic pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]