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It would be clinically valuable if the efficacy of antiarrhythmic drugs could be simulated in advance. We developed a digital twin to predict amiodarone efficacy in high-risk atrial fibrillation (AF) patients post-ablation. Virtual left atrium models were created from computed tomography and electroanatomical maps to simulate AF and evaluate its response to varying amiodarone concentrations. As the amiodarone concentration increased in the virtual setting, action potential duration lengthened, peak upstroke velocities decreased, and virtual AF termination became more frequent. Patients were classified into effective (those with virtually terminated AF at therapeutic doses) and ineffective groups. The one-year clinical outcomes after AF ablation showed significantly better results in the effective group compared to the ineffective group, with AF recurrence rates of 20.8% vs. 45.1% (log-rank p = 0.031, adjusted hazard ratio, 0.37 [0.14-0.98]; p = 0.046). This study highlights the potential of a digital twin-guided approach in predicting amiodarone's effectiveness and improving personalized AF management. Clinical Trial Registration Name: The Evaluation for Prognostic Factors After Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation: Cohort Study, Registration number: NCT02138695. The date of registration: 2014-05. URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT02138695. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms to 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) provides promising age prediction models. We explored whether the gap between the pre-procedural AI-ECG age and chronological age can predict atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence after catheter ablation. We validated a pre-trained residual network-based model for age prediction on four multinational datasets. Then we estimated AI-ECG age using a pre-procedural sinus rhythm ECG among individuals on anti-arrhythmic drugs who underwent de-novo AF catheter ablation from two independent AF ablation cohorts. We categorized the AI-ECG age gap based on the mean absolute error of the AI-ECG age gap obtained from four model validation datasets; aged-ECG (≥10 years) and normal ECG age (<10 years) groups. In the two AF ablation cohorts, aged-ECG was associated with a significantly increased risk of AF recurrence compared to the normal ECG age group. These associations were independent of chronological age or left atrial diameter. In summary, a pre-procedural AI-ECG age has a prognostic value for AF recurrence after catheter ablation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetic van der Waals (vdW) materials have attracted massive attention because of their academic interest and application potential for the past few years. Its main advantage is the intrinsic two‐dimensionality, enabling much smaller devices of novel concepts. One particular exciting direction lies in the current‐driven spin‐orbit torque (SOT). Here, for the first time, all vdW three‐terminal SOT memory is realized, employing the unique physics principle of gigantic intrinsic SOT of Fe3GeTe2 (FGT) and the well‐known industry‐adopted tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) effect. The device operation procedure is designed and the FGT/h‐BN/FGT vdW heterostructure is fabricated as a proof of concept. This device exhibits a classical TMR effect and unambiguously demonstrates the conception by precise performance as expected: the magnetic information of the top‐FGT is written by current‐driven SOT and read out by TMR separately. The writing and reading current paths are physically decoupled, enhancing the design and optimization flexibility substantially and further strengthening the device's endurance naturally. The work will prompt more expansive use of vdW magnets for spintronic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chromium tri-iodide (CrI3) is a prototypical ferromagnetic van der Waals insulator with its genuinely two-dimensional (2D) long-range magnetic order below 45 K demonstrated recently. The underlying magnetic anisotropy has not been completely understood while both the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) interaction and the Kitaev − Γ type interaction have been considered as the relevant magnetic Hamiltonian. In addition, the relation between the crystal structure and the magnetic order needs to be further elucidated concerning their possible coupling in few-layer samples and in the topmost surface layers of bulk samples. Here, we investigate these issues via temperature- and magnetic field-dependent terahertz spectroscopy on bulk CrI3 single crystals, focusing on the dynamics of ferromagnetic resonances (FMRs) and optical phonons in the terahertz (THz) region from 4 to 120 cm−1 (from 0.5 to 15 meV). We narrow down the possible ranges of the interaction parameters such as the off-diagonal symmetric terms and the single-ion anisotropy. The accurate values of these parameters significantly constrain the magnitude of possible Kitaev − Γ exchange interaction and the topological magnon gap. Moreover, the structure-magnetism relationship was critically analyzed based on the temperature- and field-dependences of two E u in-plane optical phonon modes, which shows that the commonly believed structural phase diagram of CrI3, derived from surface-preferential data, has to be seriously modified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

γ-GeSe is a newly identified polymorph among group-IV monochalcogenides, characterized by a distinctive interatomic bonding configuration. Despite its promising applications in electrical and thermal domains, the experimental verification of its mechanical and thermal properties remains unreported. Here, we experimentally characterize the in-plane Young's modulus (E) and thermal conductivity () of γ-GeSe. The mechanical vibrational modes of freestanding γ-GeSe flakes are measured using optical interferometry. Nano-indentation via atomic force microscopy is also conducted to induce mechanical deformation and to extract the E. Comparison with finite-element simulations reveals that the E is 97.3 7.5 GPa as determined by optical interferometry and 109.4 13.5 GPa as established through the nano-indentation method. Additionally, optothermal Raman spectroscopy reveals that γ-GeSe has a lattice thermal conductivity of 2.3 0.4 Wm−1K−1 and a total thermal conductivity of 7.5 0.4 Wm−1K−1 in the in-plane direction at room temperature. The notably high ratio in γ-GeSe, compared to other layered materials, underscores its distinctive structural and dynamic characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is a prominent non-invasive brain stimulation method for modulating neural oscillations and enhancing human cognitive function. This study aimed to investigate the effects of individualized theta tACS delivered in-phase and out-of-phase between the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (lDLPFC) during inhibitory control performance. Methods: The participants engaged in a Stroop task with phase-lagged theta tACS over individually optimized high-density electrode montages targeting the dACC and lDLPFC. We analyzed task performance, event-related potentials, and prestimulus electroencephalographic theta and alpha power. Results: We observed significantly reduced reaction times following out-of-phase tACS, accompanied by reduced frontocentral N1 and N2 amplitudes, enhanced parieto-occipital P1 amplitudes, and pronounced frontocentral late sustained potentials. Out-of-phase stimulation also resulted in significantly higher prestimulus frontocentral theta and alpha activity. Conclusions: These findings suggest that out-of-phase theta tACS potently modulates top-down inhibitory control, supporting the feasibility of phase-lagged tACS to enhance inhibitory control performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although numerous studies have been conducted to realize ideal point-of-care testing (POCT), the development of a user-friendly and user-independent power-free microfluidic platform is still a challenge. Among various methods, the finger-actuation method shows a promising technique that provides a user-friendly and equipment-free way of delivering fluid in a designated manner. However, the design criteria and elaborate evaluation of the fluid behavior of a pushbutton-activated microfluidic device (PAMD) remain a critical bottleneck to be widely adopted in various applications. In this study, we have evaluated the fluid behavior of the PAMD based on various parameters, such as pressing velocity and depth assisted by a press machine. We have further developed a user-friendly and portable pressing block that reduces user variation in fluid behavior based on the evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) gaps and extrapulmonary vein triggers contribute to recurrence after atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation, their precise mechanisms remain unproven. Our study assessed the impact of PVI gaps on rhythm outcomes using a human AF digital twin. We included 50 patients (76.0% with persistent AF) who underwent catheter ablation with a realistic AF digital twin by integrating computed tomography and electroanatomical mapping. We evaluated the final rhythm status, including AF and atrial tachycardia (AT), across 600 AF episodes, considering factors including PVI level, PVI gap number, and pacing locations. Our findings revealed that antral PVI had a significantly lower ratio of AF at the final rhythm (28% vs. 56%, p = 0.002) than ostial PVI. Increasing PVI gap numbers correlated with an increased ratio of AF at the final rhythm (p < 0.001). Extra-PV induction yielded a higher ratio of AF at the final rhythm than internal PV induction (77.5% vs. 59.0%, p < 0.001). In conclusion, our human AF digital twin model helped assess AF maintenance mechanisms. Clinical trial registration: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT02138695. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A polariton is a fundamental quasiparticle that arises from strong light-matter interaction and as such has attracted wide scientific and practical interest. When light is strongly coupled to the crystal lattice, it gives rise to phonon-polaritons (PPs), which have been proven useful in the dynamical manipulation of quantum materials and the advancement of terahertz technologies. Yet, current detection and characterization methods of polaritons are still limited. Traditional techniques such as Raman or transient grating either rely on fine-tuning of external parameters or complex phase extraction techniques. To overcome these inherent limitations, we propose and demonstrate a technique based on a time-of-flight measurement of PPs. We resonantly launch broadband PPs with intense terahertz fields and measure the time-of-flight of each spectral component with time-resolved second harmonic generation. The time-of-flight information, combined with the PP attenuation, enables us to resolve the real and imaginary parts of the PP dispersion relation. We demonstrate this technique in the van der Waals magnets NiI2 and MnPS3 and reveal a hidden magnon-phonon interaction. We believe that this approach will unlock new opportunities for studying polaritons across diverse material systems and enhance our understanding of strong light-matter interaction. Polaritons, light-matter hybridized quasiparticles, are the fundamental excitation of strong coupling systems and are widely applicable in information technologies. Here the authors applied the concept of time-of-flight measurement in terahertz induced second harmonic generation experiments in various systems to comprehensively study the dispersion relation of phonon-polaritons and reveal potential spin-lattice couplings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many anti-microbial peptides (AMPs) and pro-apoptotic peptides are considered as novel anti-microbial agents, distinguished by their different characteristics. Nevertheless, AMPs exhibit certain limitations, including poor stability and potential toxicity, which hinder their suitability for applications in pharmaceutics and medical devices. In this study, we used recombinant mussel adhesive protein (MAP) as a robust scaffold to overcome these limitations associated with AMPs. Mussel adhesive protein fused with functional peptides (MAP-FPs) was used to evaluate anti-microbial activities, minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), and time-kill kinetics (TKK) assays against six of bacteria strains. MAP and MAP-FPs were proved to have an anti-microbial effect with MIC of 4 or 8 µM against only Gram-negative bacteria strains. All tested MAP-FPs killed four different Gram-negative bacteria strains within 180 min. Especially, MAP-FP-2 and -5 killed three Gram-negative bacteria strain, including E. coli, S. typhimurium, and K. pneumoniae, within 10 min. A cytotoxicity study using Vero and HEK293T cells indicated the safety of MAP and MAP-FP-2 and -3. Thermal stability of MAP-FP-2 was also validated by HPLC analysis at an accelerated condition for 4 weeks. This study identified that MAP-FPs have novel anti-microbial activity, inhibiting the growth and rapidly killing Gram-negative bacteria strains with high thermal stability and safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dielectric ceramic capacitors are highly regarded for their rapid charge–discharge, high power density, and cyclability in various advanced applications. However, their relatively low energy storage density has prompted intensive research aiming at developing materials with a higher energy density. To enhance energy storage properties, research has focused on modifying ferroelectric materials to induce relaxor ferroelectricity. The present study aims to induce a superparaelectric (SPE) state in relaxor ferroelectrics near room temperature by altering BaTiO3 ferroelectric ceramics using the (Sr,Bi)TiO3-Bi(Mg0.5Ti0.5)O3 system ((1−x)BT-x(SBT-BMT)). X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy analysis demonstrated a shift in the crystal structure from tetragonal to cubic with an increasing x content. Notably, the compositions (except x = 0.1) satisfied the criteria for the SPE state manifestation near room temperature. The x = 0.2 specimen displayed characteristics at the boundary between the relaxor ferroelectric and SPE phases, while x ≥ 0.3 specimens exhibited increased SPE state fractions. Despite reduced maximum polarization, x ≥ 0.3 specimens showcased impressive energy storage capabilities, attributed to the enhanced SPE state, especially for x = 0.3, with impressive characteristics: a recoverable energy density (Wrec) of ~1.12 J/cm3 and efficiency (η) of ~94% at 170 kV/cm applied field. The good stability after the charge–discharge cycles reinforces the significance of the SPE phase in augmenting energy storage in relaxor ferroelectric materials, suggesting potential applications in high-energy density storage devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The thermal Hall effect in magnetic insulators has been considered a powerful method for examining the topological nature of charge-neutral quasiparticles such as magnons. Yet, unlike the kagome system, the triangular lattice has received less attention for studying the thermal Hall effect because the scalar spin chirality cancels out between adjacent triangles. However, such cancellation cannot be perfect if the triangular lattice is distorted. Here, we report that the trimerized triangular lattice of multiferroic hexagonal manganite YMnO3 produces a highly unusual thermal Hall effect under an applied magnetic field. Our theoretical calculations demonstrate that the thermal Hall conductivity is related to the splitting of the otherwise degenerate two chiralities of its 120˚ magnetic structure. Our result is one of the most unusual cases of topological physics due to this broken Z2 symmetry of the chirality in the supposedly paramagnetic state of YMnO3, due to strong topological spin fluctuations with the additional intricacy of a Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction. The thermal Hall effect has been reported in several materials, but it is not expected in triangular lattice systems due to chirality cancellation. Kim et al. report the thermal Hall effect attributed to topological spin fluctuations in the supposedly paramagnetic phase of YMnO3 with a trimerized triangular lattice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The triangular lattice antiferromagnet (TLAF) has been the standard paradigm of frustrated magnetism for several decades. The most common magnetic ordering in insulating TLAFs is the 120° structure. However, a new triple-Q chiral ordering can emerge in metallic TLAFs, representing the short wavelength limit of magnetic skyrmion crystals. We report the metallic TLAF Co1/3TaS2 as the first example of tetrahedral triple-Q magnetic ordering with the associated topological Hall effect (non-zero σxy(H = 0)). We also present a theoretical framework that describes the emergence of this magnetic ground state, which is further supported by the electronic structure measured by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. Additionally, our measurements of the inelastic neutron scattering cross section are consistent with the calculated dynamical structure factor of the tetrahedral triple-Q state. Skyrmion crystals, where skyrmions are arranged close packed in a triangular lattice arise due to the superposition of three magnetic spin spirals, each with a distinct wave vector, Q. Such skrymion crystals have been found in a diverse array of materials. Here, Park et al find a short wavelength (or dense skyrmion) limit of this skyrmion crystal structure in Co1/3TaS2, a metallic triangular lattice antiferromagnet, in the form of a triple Q magnetic ordering, with four magnetic sublattices.' [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex system that comprises various components, including blood vessels that play a crucial role in supplying nutrients, oxygen, and growth factors, as well as delivering chemotherapy drugs to the tumor mass through the vascular endothelial barrier. To replicate the TME in vitro, several bioprinting and microfluidic organ-on-a-chip technologies have been developed. However, these technologies have not been fully exploited in terms of potential benefits of bioprinting and microfluidics, such as precise spatial control for biological samples, construction of multiple TMEs per microfluidic device, and the ability to adjust culture environments for better biological similarity. In addition, the complex transport phenomena within the vascular endothelial barrier and the aggregated tumor mass in the TME model should be considered before applying the model to drug treatment and screening. In this study, we describe a novel integrative technology that addresses these issues by introducing a self-organized TME array bioprinted on a microfluidic chip consisting of a vascular endothelial barrier surrounding breast cancer spheroids. To integrate the TME array onto the microfluidic platform, a microfluidic substrate for extrusion bioprinting was developed for a cell culture platform, which enables diffusivity control by microstructures and establishes a perfusion culture environment inside the culture channel. We also analyzed the cellular behaviors within the TME array to investigate the influence of the diffusivity on the self-organization process required to form the vascular endothelial barrier surrounding breast cancer spheroids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background In aesthetic clinical practice, botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) is best known for its use as a neuromodulator for the treatment of dynamic facial lines; however, when injected intradermally as microdroplets, BoNT-A can improve skin quality and overall skin appearance. Objectives To discuss key aspects of microtoxin use in clinical practice and provide expert guidance on utilization. Methods As part of a continuing medical education lecture series and roundtable, the authors discussed key aspects of microtoxin patient selection, injection technique, and safety. Results The experiences of expert faculty are shared here. Clinical experience is consistent with reported data. Microtoxin can be used to reduce pore size, sebum production, rosacea, acne, and fine lines, and to improve jawline and neck definition. Intradermal injection can also be employed for the improvement of transverse neck lines as well as for the safe prevention and management of scars and keloids. Conclusions Expanding the use of BoNT-A, a predictable, minimally invasive, and affordable treatment to address commonly encountered complaints is appealing. The authors have found that making patients aware of microtoxin as a treatment option results in an increased interest in and utilization of BoNT-A, and high satisfaction among appropriately selected patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Controlling the stacking of van der Waals (vdW) materials is found to produce exciting new findings, since hetero- or homo-structures have added the diverse possibility of assembly and manipulated functionalities. However, so far, the homostructure with a twisted angle based on the magnetic vdW materials remains unexplored. Here, we achieved a twisted magnetic vdW Fe3GeTe2 (FGT)/Fe3GeTe2 junction with broken crystalline symmetry. A clean and metallic vdW junction is evidenced by the temperature-dependent resistance and the linear I–V curve. Unlike the pristine FGT, a plateau-like magnetoresistance (PMR) is observed in the magnetotransport of our homojunction due to the antiparallel magnetic configurations of the two FGT layers. The PMR ratio is found to be ∼0.05% and gets monotonically enhanced as temperature decreases like a metallic giant magnetoresistance. Such a tiny PMR ratio is at least three orders of magnitude smaller than the tunneling magnetoresistance ratio, justifying our clean metallic junction without a spacer. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of the controllable homostructure and shed light on future spintronics using magnetic vdW materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Direct vehicle access at site is usually restricted in situations where the driveway corner clearance (DCC) is designated, as per the District Unit Planning Guidelines. Currently, no clear installation standard for the DCC in Korea exists; thus, vehicles are allowed access regardless of the clearance between the driveway and the intersection. When driveways are located adjacent to the intersection, frequent conflicts between vehicles on minor and major roads occur. This results in problems with traffic communication and safety, necessitating a reasonable design. Therefore, in this study, DCCs were classified into upstream driveway corner clearance (UDCC) and downstream driveway corner clearance (DDCC), and algorithms and scenarios for calculating the appropriate DCC distance were proposed. DDCC was calculated from the traffic volume entering the rightmost lane of the DDCC from among the 12 intersection directions by applying optimized signal phase sequence and car-following theory. The DDCC results demonstrated that at least one vehicle in the driveway can exit to the rightmost lane on the roadway at 9.22 m. Two vehicles can exit at 32.15 m, and three vehicles can exit at 67.54 m. UDCC was calculated by considering its geometry, the traffic volume, queue length, and the 8.45 m additional distance from the driveway. Therefore, as traffic volume increased, the queue length and queue clearance time of the queue increased. The calculated DCC distance proposed in this study can contribute to establishing design standards in the future when establishing guidelines for district unit planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The unique anatomy of the Asian face, along with the influence of cultural forces and regional preferences, has led to the development of specialized approaches to rejuvenation and beautification that are applicable to the aesthetic practice within Asia as well as those who serve these patients internationally. Aims: To discuss similarities and differences in anatomy and treatment preferences of Asian patients and explore how these differences may influence aesthetic practices. Patients/Methods: In support of clinicians who wish to serve a diverse patient population, a six‐part international roundtable series focused on diversity in aesthetics was conducted from August 24, 2021 to May 16, 2022. Results: The results of the sixth and final roundtable in the series, the Asian Patient, are described here. Anatomical differences and their influence on treatment preferences are discussed, and specific procedural information provided for management of facial shape and projection, including advanced injection techniques for the eyelid‐forehead complex. Conclusions: The continued exchange of ideas and treatment techniques support not only optimal aesthetic outcomes for a diverse range of patients within a given practice, but also the evolution of aesthetic medicine. The expert approaches detailed here may be used to inform treatment plans tailored to the Asian population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectively quantitated using a three-dimensional scanner, and improvement was assessed using the physician and patient Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS). Results: The mean pore count and density decreased after one week and decreased by up to 62% until 24 weeks. After one week, almost all patients (100% in physician GAIS and 95% in patient GAIS) showed improvement with a grade 3 (much improved) or higher. All adverse events were transient. Conclusion: Combined treatment with MFU-V and intradermal INCO could be effective and safe for reducing enlarged facial pores; the improvements can be sustained for up to 24 weeks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a chronic progressive disease that continuously recurs even after successful AF catheter ablation (AFCA). We explored the mechanism of long-term recurrence by comparing patient characteristics and redo-ablation findings. Methods and results Among the 4248 patients who underwent a de novo AFCA and protocol-based rhythm follow-up at a single centre, we enrolled 1417 patients [71.7% male, aged 60.0 (52.0–67.0) years, 57.9% paroxysmal AF] who experienced clinical recurrences (CRs), and divided them according to the period of recurrence: within one year (n = 645), 1–2 years (n = 339), 2–5 years (n = 308), and after 5 years (CR>5 yr, n = 125). We also compared the redo-mapping and ablation outcomes of 198 patients. In patients with CR>5 yr, the proportion of paroxysmal AF was higher (P = 0.031); however, the left atrial (LA) volume (quantified by computed tomography, P = 0.003), LA voltage (P = 0.003), frequency of early recurrence (P < 0.001), and use of post-procedure anti-arrhythmic drugs (P < 0.001) were lower. A CR>5 yr was independently associated with a low LA volume [odds ratio (OR) 0.99 (0.98–1.00), P = 0.035], low LA voltage [OR 0.61 (0.38–0.94), P = 0.032], and lower early recurrence [OR 0.40 (0.23–0.67), P < 0.001]. Extra-pulmonary vein triggers during repeat procedures were significantly greater in patients with a CR>5 yr, despite no difference in the de novo protocol (P for trend 0.003). The rhythm outcomes of repeat ablation procedures did not differ according to the timing of the CR (log-rank P = 0.330). Conclusions Patients with a later CR exhibited a smaller LA volume, lower LA voltage, and higher extra-pulmonary vein triggers during the repeat procedure, suggesting AF progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The risk of recurrence after atrial fibrillation (AF) catheter ablation (AFCA) is higher in women than in men. However, it is unknown whether a sex difference exists in antiarrhythmic drug (AAD) responsiveness among patients with recurrence.Methods: Among 2999 consecutive patients (26.5% women, 58.3±10.9 years old, 68.1% paroxysmal AF) who underwent de novo AFCA, we compared and evaluated the sex differences in rhythm outcome in 1094 patients with recurrence and in 788 patients who subsequently underwent rhythm control with AAD.Results: During a follow-up of 48.2±34.9 months, 1094 patients (36.5%) had AF recurrence after AFCA, and 508 of 788 patients (64.5%) had AF recurrence under AAD. Although the rhythm outcome of a de novo AFCA was worse (log-rank p=0.041, HR 1.28, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.59), p=0.031) in women, AAD response after postprocedural recurrences was better in women than in men (log-rank p=0.003, HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.59 to 0.95, p=0.022), especially in women older than 60 years old (log-rank p=0.003). In 249 patients who underwent repeat procedure after AAD use, the pulmonary vein (PV) reconnection rate (62.7% vs 76.8%, p=0.048) was lower in women than in men but not the existence of extra-PV trigger (37.8% vs 25.4%, p=0.169).Conclusions: Although women showed worse rhythm outcomes than men after AFCA, the post-AFCA AAD response was better in elderly women than in men.Trial Registration Number: NCT02138695. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this case report was to present a rare clinical case of successful new dental implant installation in the site of previously healed medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). An 80-year-old female patient with history of oral bisphosphonate (BP) therapy presented with pain and swelling of gingiva in the right posterior mandible. One of the 3 implants placed 15 years ago in the right mandibular posterior area was removed 6 months before the visit to our hospital, which led to worsening of the symptoms. After clinical and radiographic examination, the patient was diagnosed with stage 2 MRONJ. Along with antibiotic therapy, the patient underwent surgical intervention via sequestrectomy and removal of the remaining 2 implants. Adequate soft and hard tissue healing without any complications and signs of recurrence was confirmed, and implant installation with simultaneous bone grafting and prosthesis fabrication were done in the explantation sites of MRONJ. By the 7-year follow-up, no implant failure has been observed, and installation of implants was successful in the previously healed MRONJ site. Dental implant installation is possible in a patient with history of failed implant due to MRONJ. However, a careful treatment planning is needed before implantation in a previously healed site of MRONJ to reduce the potential risks of MRONJ recurrence and implant failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present the results of the high-temperature neutron and x-ray diffraction experiments on the Ca3–xSrxTi2O7 (x = 0.5, 0.8, 0.85, 0.9) compounds. The ferro- to paraelectric transition in these hybrid improper ferroelectric materials arises from the so-called trilinear coupling. Depending on the strontium content, various structures and phase transitions, different from theoretical predictions, emerge. The in situ x-ray powder diffraction indicates a direct ferro- to paraelectric transition between the orthorhombic A21am and the tetragonal undistorted I4/mmm phase for x ≤ 0.6. We identified a reduction in the trilinear coupling robustness by increasing the Sr-doping level to lead to the emergence of the intermediate tetragonal P42/mnm phase and the gradual suppression of the orthorhombic phase. The observed character of the structure transitions and the Ca3–xSrxTi2O7 phase diagram are discussed in the framework of theoretical models of other related hybrid improper ferroelectric systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two algorithms have been extensively studied for motor control: Field Oriented Control (FOC) and Direct Torque Control (DTC). Both control algorithms use a Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) to drive a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM). To prevent short-arm short-circuit accidents when driving PMSM using VSI, a dead time is used to turn off the TOP and BOTTOM switches of each arm at the same time. However, this dead-time technique causes an unexpected pole voltage to be applied to the PMSM on the VSI output voltage, causing distortion and resulting in control nonlinearity. The disturbance voltage that causes nonlinearity is difficult to measure directly with the sensor. Therefore, this paper analyzes the nonlinearity of the controller due to the distorted voltage caused by the dead time during PMSM operation using the DTC algorithm and predicts the distorted output voltage using the extended Kalman Filter (EKF) to improve control stability. As a result, The algorithm proposed in this paper has verified the improvement of torque ripple and stator flux ripple through experiments and simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Van der Waals (vdW) magnets are an ideal platform for tailoring 2D magnetism with immense potential for spintronics applications and are intensively investigated. However, little is known about the microscopic origin of magnetic order in these antiferromagnetic systems. X‐ray photoemission electron microscopy is used to address the electronic and magnetic properties of the vdW antiferromagnet FePS3 down to the monolayer. The experiments reveal a giant out‐of‐plane magnetic anisotropy of 22 meV per Fe ion, accompanied by unquenched magnetic orbital moments. Moreover, the calculations suggest that the Ising magnetism in FePS3 is a visible manifestation of spin–orbit entanglement of the Fe 3d electron system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) and right ventricular (RV) dysfunction, and the effects of radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) on RV function. Methods: A total of 110 patients (age, 50.8 ± 14.4 years; 30 men) without structural heart disease who had undergone RFCA for RV outflow tract (RVOT) PVCs were retrospectively included. RV function was assessed using fractional area change (FAC) and global longitudinal strain (GLS) before and after RFCA. Clinical data were compared between the RV dysfunction (n = 63) and preserved RV function (n = 47) groups. The relationship between PVC burden and RV function was analyzed. Change in RV function before and after RFCA was compared between patients with successful and failed RFCA. Results: PVC burden was significantly higher in the RV dysfunction group than in the preserved RV function group (p <.001). FAC and GLS were significantly worse in proportion to PVC burden (p <.001 and p <.001, respectively). The risk factor associated with RV dysfunction was PVC burden [odds ratio (95% confidence interval), 1.092 (1.052–1.134); p <.001]. Improvement in FAC (13.0 ± 8.7% and –2.5 ± 5.6%, respectively; p <.001) and GLS (–6.8 ± 5.7% and 2.1 ± 4.2%, respectively; p <.001) was significant in the patients with successful RFCA, compared to the patients in whom RFCA failed. Conclusions: Frequent RVOT PVCs are associated with RV dysfunction. RV dysfunction is reversible by successful RFCA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The use of hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers for medical aesthetic purposes is increasing worldwide. Nonetheless, adverse events do occur because of patient‐specific issues, injection technique, or product factors. It would be mandatory to consider cultural and anatomical features of Asians in preventing and managing the complications of HA injections. Methods: Literature search of studies looking at current evidence and guidelines on the management of complications following HA filler injections in Asian patients was conducted. This was followed by an expert group discussion that was convened to reach consensus recommendations on the best clinical practices. Results: The expert panel provided specific recommendations focusing on the safe use of soft tissue fillers in Asian patients, including early identification of adverse events and how to prevent and comprehensively manage these outcomes. Conclusions: Here, we provide consensus statements of Asian experts in dermatology, plastic surgery, ophthalmology, and aesthetic medicine mainly focusing on AEs with higher risk for Asians and can be used to guide physicians in treating Asian population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural hydrogels with low viscosity and high cytocompatibility are limited in their application as bioinks because their poor mechanical properties lead to constructs of low resolution that fail to reflect the high spatial control of the bioprinter. Existing attempts to integrate natural hydrogels with low viscosity into bioprinting compromise bioink cytocompatibility for printability and complicate the printing and crosslinking process. Consequently, biological phenomena such as vasculogenesis, which require high levels of cellular bioactivities including cell adhesion, proliferation, and migration, are difficult to observe in high‐resolution bioprinted constructs. This study proposes a novel technique of bioprinting on a supportive microstructured bioprinting substrate (SuBstrate) to enhance the structural fidelity of low‐viscosity hydrogel constructs via capillary pinning and to maintain their integrity during the crosslinking procedures. This bioprinting approach enables the direct and reproducible microextrusion printing of fibrinogen, a hydrogel previously considered "unprintable" using such a method, into volumetric constructs that are vascularized by the self‐assembly of endothelial cells, replicating the biological vasculogenesis process. The SuBstrate‐based bioprinting technology can be applied to bioprinting cytocompatible natural hydrogels to develop complex constructs and is expected to be used as a new method of recreating physiological tissues for pathological studies and drug screening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple phenolics (SPs) and their glycosides have recently gained much attention as functional skin-care resources for their anti-melanogenic and antioxidant activities. Enzymatic glycosylation of SP aglycone make it feasible to create SP glycosides with updated bioactive potentials. Herein, a glycosyltransferase (GT)-encoding gene was cloned from the fosmid libraries of Streptomyces tenjimariensis ATCC 31603 using GT-specific degenerate PCR followed by in silico analyses. The recombinant StSPGT was able to flexibly catalyze the transfer of two glycosyl moieties towards two SP acceptors, (hydroxyphenyl-2-propanol [HPP2] and hydroxyphenyl-3-propanol [HPP3]), generating stereospecific α-anomeric glycosides as follows: HPP2-O-α-glucoside, HPP2-O-α-2″-deoxyglucoside, HPP3-O-α-glucoside and HPP3-O-α-2″-deoxyglucoside. This enzyme seems not only to prefer UDP-glucose and HPP2 as a favorable glycosyl donor and acceptor, respectively but also differentiates the positional difference of the hydroxyl function as acceptor catalytic sites. Paired in vitro and in vivo antioxidant assays represented SPs and their corresponding glycosides as convincing antioxidants in a time- and concentration-dependent manner by scavenging DPPH radicals and intracellular ROS. Even compared to the conventional agents, HPP2 and glycoside analogs displayed improved tyrosinase inhibitory activity in vitro and still suppressed in vivo melanogenesis. Both HPP2 glycosides are further likely to exert the best inhibitory activity against elastase, eventually highlighting these glycosides with enhanced anti-melanogenic and antioxidant activities as promising anti-wrinkle hits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Combining magnetism with band topology provides various novel phases that are otherwise impossible. Among several cases, noncollinear metallic antiferromagnets can reveal particularly rich topological physics due to their diverse magnetic ground states. However, there are only a few experimental studies due to the lack of suitable materials, especially with triangular lattice antiferromagnets. Here, we report that metallic triangular antiferromagnet Co1/3TaS2 exhibits a substantial anomalous Hall effect (AHE) related to its noncollinear magnetic order. Our first-principles calculations found that hourglass Weyl fermions from the non-symmorphic symmetry trigger AHE. We further show that AHE in Co1/3TaS2 can be characterized by the toroidal moment, a vortex-like multipole component that arises from a combination of chiral lattice and geometrical frustration. Finally, the unusual field-tunability of the toroidal moment puts Co1/3TaS2 as a rare example of a noncollinear metallic antiferromagnet filled with interesting magnetic and topological properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mini-screws are widely used as temporary anchorages in orthodontic treatment, but have the disadvantage of showing a high failure rate of about 10%. Therefore, orthodontic mini-screws should have high biocompatibility and retention. Previous studies have demonstrated that the retention of mini-screws can be improved by imparting bioactivity to the surface. The method for imparting bioactivity proposed in this paper is to sequentially perform anodization, periodic pre-calcification, and heat treatments with a Ti–6Al–4V ELI alloy mini-screw. Materials and methods: A TiO2 nanotube-structured layer was formed on the surface of the Ti–6Al–4V ELI alloy mini-screw through anodization in which a voltage of 20 V was applied to a glycerol solution containing 20 wt% H2O and 1.4 wt% NH4F for 60 min. Fine granular calcium phosphate precipitates of HA and octacalcium phosphate were generated as clusters on the surface through the cyclic pre-calcification and heat treatments. The cyclic pre-calcification treatment is a process of immersion in a 0.05 M NaH2PO4 solution and a saturated Ca(OH)2 solution at 90 °C for 1 min each. Results: It was confirmed that the densely structured protrusions were precipitated, and Ca and P concentrations, which bind and concentrate endogenous bone morphogenetic proteins, increased on the surface after simulated body fluid (SBF) immersion test. In addition, the removal torque of the mini-screw fixed into rabbit tibias for 4 weeks was measured to be 8.70 ± 2.60 N cm. Conclusions: A noteworthy point in this paper is that the Ca and P concentrations, which provide a scaffold suitable for endogenous bone formation, further increased over time after SBF immersion of the APH group specimens. The other point is that our mini-screws have a significantly higher removal torque compared to untreated mini-screws. These results represent that the mini-screw proposed in this paper can be used as a mini-screw for orthodontics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) gaps contribute to recurrence after atrial fibrillation (AF) catheter ablation, the mechanism is unclear. We used realistic computational human AF modeling to explore the AF wave-dynamic changes of PVI with gaps (PVI-gaps). Methods: We included 40 patients (80% male, 61.0 ± 9.8 years old, 92.5% persistent AF) who underwent AF catheter ablation to develop our realistic computational AF model. We compared the effects of a complete PVI (CPVI) and PVI-gap (2-mm × 4) on the AF wave-dynamics by evaluating the dominant frequency (DF), spatial change of DF, maximal slope of the action potential duration restitution curve (Smax), and AF defragmentation rate (termination or change to atrial tachycardia), and tested the effects of additional virtual interventions and flecainide on ongoing AF with PVI-gaps. Results: Compared with the baseline AF, CPVIs significantly reduced extra-PV DFs (p < 0.001), but PVI-gaps did not. COV-DFs were greater after CPVIs than PVI-gaps (p < 0.001). Neither CPVIs nor PVI-gaps changed the mean Smax. CPVIs resulted in higher AF defragmentation rates (80%) than PVI-gaps (12.5%, p < 0.001). In ongoing AF after PVI-gaps, the AF defragmentation rates after a wave-breaking gap ablation, extra-PV DF ablation, or flecainide were 60.0, 34.3, and 25.7%, respectively (p = 0.010). Conclusion: CPVIs effectively reduced the DF, increased its spatial heterogeneity in extra-PV areas, and offered better anti-AF effects than extra-PV DF ablation or additional flecainide in PVI-gap conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Microfocused ultrasound with visualization (MFU‐V; Ultherapy®, Merz North America) is US Food and Drug Administration‐cleared as a non‐invasive procedure that lifts the soft tissue of the neck, submentum and brow, and improves lines and wrinkles on the upper chest. Several other energy‐based devices are in use in countries outside the USA where they are marketed for indications similar to those of MFU‐V, although published studies supporting these indications are limited and none of the other devices provides visualization or verification they reach the superficial musculoaponeurotic system. Methods: Due to the evolving landscape of ultrasound technology as more devices enter the market, seven global thought leaders who are qualified experts on the use of various high‐intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU)/MFU‐V technologies convened to review data from an independent evaluation of the software, thermal characteristics, transducer acoustics and ultrasound therapy of MFU‐V and three other ultrasound‐based devices. Results: The independent testing demonstrated the devices have key differences in several parameters that play a role in safety and effectiveness. Specifically, MFU‐V has visualization capability but the other devices lack that feature. Other differences include the retention of patient history, consistent size and uniformity of thermal coagulation points (TCPs), precise localization of energy concentration at the focal point, and reliable thermal regulation during use. The expert panel established a consensus on the types of preventable complications associated with ultrasound‐based energy devices and techniques for preventing and treating complications. Conclusions: The independent test results of MFU‐V/HIFU devices and the consensus panel conclusions provide strong support that real‐time visualization and the capability to detect coupling, features found only in MFU‐V, help prevent complications and enhance the safety and effectiveness of energy‐based devices. The independent evaluation also revealed that MFU‐V has several additional features that play key roles in safety and clinical effectiveness, including uniformity of TCPs, tight thermal regulation, large focal gain, and short beam length, that were not found collectively in any of the HIFU devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In van der Waals (vdW) materials, strong coupling between different degrees of freedom can hybridize elementary excitations into bound states with mixed character1–3. Correctly identifying the nature and composition of these bound states is key to understanding their ground state properties and excitation spectra4,5. Here, we use ultrafast spectroscopy to reveal bound states of d-orbitals and phonons in 2D vdW antiferromagnet NiPS3. These bound states manifest themselves through equally spaced phonon replicas in frequency domain. These states are optically dark above the Néel temperature and become accessible with magnetic order. By launching this phonon and spectrally tracking its amplitude, we establish the electronic origin of bound states as localized d–d excitations. Our data directly yield electron-phonon coupling strength which exceeds the highest known value in 2D systems6. These results demonstrate NiPS3 as a platform to study strong interactions between spins, orbitals and lattice, and open pathways to coherent control of 2D magnets. Van der Waals materials can exhibit strong coupling between the lattice and other degrees of freedom. Here, Ergeçen et al reveal the presence of bound states emerging from the strong interaction between the lattice vibrations and d-orbitals in the van der Waals antiferromagnet NiPS3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The ZFHX3 gene (16q22) is the second most highly associated gene with atrial fibrillation (AF) and is related to inflammation and fibrosis. We hypothesized that ZFHX3 is associated with extra-pulmonary vein (PV) triggers, left atrial (LA) structural remodeling, and poor rhythm outcomes of AF catheter ablation (AFCA). Methods: We included 1,782 patients who underwent a de novo AFCA (73.5% male, 59.4 ± 10.8 years old, 65.9% paroxysmal AF) and genome-wide association study and divided them into discovery (n = 891) and replication cohorts (n = 891). All included patients underwent isoproterenol provocation tests and LA voltage mapping. We analyzed the ZFHX3 , extra-PV trigger-related factors, and rhythm outcomes. Result: Among 14 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of ZFHX3 , rs13336412, rs61208973, rs2106259, rs12927436, and rs1858801 were associated with extra-PV triggers. In the overall patient group, extra-PV triggers were independently associated with the ZFHX3 polygenic risk score (PRS) (OR 1.65 [1.22–2.22], p = 0.001, model 1) and a low LA voltage (OR 0.74 [0.56–0.97], p = 0.029, model 2). During 49.9 ± 40.3 months of follow-up, clinical recurrence of AF was significantly higher in patients with extra-PV triggers (Log-rank p < 0.001, HR 1.89 [1.49–2.39], p < 0.001, model 1), large LA dimensions (Log-rank p < 0.001, HR 1.03 [1.01–1.05], p = 0.002, model 2), and low LA voltages (Log-rank p < 0.001, HR 0.73 [0.61–0.86], p < 0.001, model 2) but not the ZFHX3 PRS (Log-rank p = 0.819). Conclusion: The extra-PV triggers had significant associations with both ZFHX3 genetic polymorphisms and acquired LA remodeling. Although extra-PV triggers were an independent predictor of AF recurrence after AFCA, the studied AF risk SNPs intronic in ZFHX3 were not associated with AF recurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the modified WSP for improving wheelchair skills capacity, perceived satisfaction and performance in daily activities for hemiplegia patients in Korea. The modified WSP was tailored to better fit the environment and the treatment needs of hemiplegic patients in Korea. The resulting training procedure was augmented to help hemiplegic patients understand the basic mechanics of the wheelchair. To assess the efficacy of the modified WSP, 24 hemiplegic patients were selected as subjects and WST, COPM, K-MBI, and subjective opinion surveys were utilized. The results of the training showed significant improvement of WST, COPM, K-MBI scores in the experimental group and especially, the WST and COPM score showed statistically insignificant improvement compared to the control group. A modified WSP may prove effective for hemiplegic patients who exhibit low volition or are experiencing wheelchair use for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A long-term follow-up study in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) is needed to elucidate the association between regional brain volume and psychopathological mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease with psychosis (AD + P).Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the thickness of the angular cingulate cortex (ACC) on the risk of AD + P conversion in patients with aMCI.Methods: This was a hospital-based prospective longitudinal study including 174 patients with aMCI. The main outcome measure was time-to-progression from aMCI to AD + P. Subregions of the ACC (rostral ACC, rACC; caudal ACC, cACC) and hippocampus (HC) were measured as regions of interest with magnetic resonance imaging and the Freesurfer analysis at baseline. Survival analysis with time to incident AD + P as an event variable was calculated with Cox proportional hazards models using the subregions of the ACC and HC as a continuous variable.Results: Cox proportional hazard analyses showed that the risk of AD + P was associated with sub-regional ACC thickness but not HC volume: reduced cortical thickness of the left cACC (HR [95%CI], 0.224 [0.087-0.575], p = 0.002), right cACC (HR [95%CI], 0.318 [0.132-0.768], p = 0.011). This association of the cACC with the risk of AD also remained significant when adjusted for HC volume.Conclusion: We found that reduced cortical thickness of the cACC is a predictor of aMCI conversion to AD + P, independent of HC, suggesting that the ACC plays a vital role in the underlying pathogenesis of AD + P. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strong periodic driving with light offers the potential to coherently manipulate the properties of quantum materials on ultrafast timescales. Recently, strategies have emerged to drastically alter electronic and magnetic properties by optically inducing non-trivial band topologies1–6, emergent spin interactions7–11 and even superconductivity12. However, the prospects and methods of coherently engineering optical properties on demand are far less understood13. Here we demonstrate coherent control and giant modulation of optical nonlinearity in a van der Waals layered magnetic insulator, manganese phosphorus trisulfide (MnPS3). By driving far off-resonance from the lowest on-site manganese d–d transition, we observe a coherent on–off switching of its optical second harmonic generation efficiency on the timescale of 100 femtoseconds with no measurable dissipation. At driving electric fields of the order of 109 volts per metre, the on–off ratio exceeds 10, which is limited only by the sample damage threshold. Floquet theory calculations14 based on a single-ion model of MnPS3 are able to reproduce the measured driving field amplitude and polarization dependence of the effect. Our approach can be applied to a broad range of insulating materials and could lead to dynamically designed nonlinear optical elements.Coherent control and giant modulation of optical nonlinearity in a van der Waals layered magnetic insulator is demonstrated using Floquet engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Robust multi‐level spin memory with the ability to write information electrically is a long‐sought capability in spintronics, with great promise for applications. Here, nonvolatile and highly energy‐efficient magnetization switching is achieved in a single‐material device formed of van‐der‐Waals (vdW) topological ferromagnet Fe3GeTe2, whose magnetic information can be readily controlled by a tiny current. Furthermore, the switching current density and power dissipation are about 400 and 4000 times smaller than those of the existing spin‐orbit‐torque magnetic random access memory based on conventional magnet/heavy‐metal systems. Most importantly, multi‐level states, switched by electrical current are also demonstrated, which can dramatically enhance the information capacity density and reduce computing costs. Thus, the observations combine both high energy efficiency and large information capacity density in one device, showcasing the potential applications of the emerging field of vdW magnets in the field of spin memory and spintronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]