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In this study, a novel, cost-effective, and environmental-friendly acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-based electrochemical biosensor was developed and utilized for paraoxon-ethyl (PE) detection. In this biosensor, cerium oxide (CeO2) and poly(3,4 ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PESOT:PSS) modified paper electrode was fabricated by a simple dip-coating method. The synergistic effect of CeO2 and PEDOT:PSS enhance the performance of AChE-based biosensor in terms of sensitivity and selectivity. The electrical conductivity and stability of the fabricated electrode are further improved with the treatment of ethylene glycol (EG). EG decreases the coulombic interactions between PEDOT and PSS molecules, causes polymer chain reorientation, and improves the non-covalent interaction between cellulose molecules and PEDOT, which further leads to higher conductivity. All electrochemical results validate that the biosensor shows good selectivity (Kselectivity < 1), high sensitivity of 52.10 µA/nM, and a low detection limit of 0.12 nM. The accuracy and applicability of the proposed biosensor were also checked with two real samples. All results validate that the fabricated paper electrode can be a promising alternative to other conventional electrodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A highly sensitive, flexible, cheap, and biodegradable biosensor has been fabricated to detect paraoxon-ethyl (PE) more effectively. In this work, copper oxide (CuO) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)-modified Whatman paper (WP)-based electrode are fabricated and then characterized by using different techniques. For the fabrication of CuO@PEDOT:PSS/WP electrode, firstly, the PEDOT:PSS/WP was optimized by various solvents such as ethylene glycol (EG), 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), dimethylformamide (DMF), N,N-dimethyl acetamide (NMA), and glycerol to enhance the conductivity. The EG-treated PEDOT:PSS/WP electrode shows maximum conductivity (1.4 × 10− 2 S cm− 1) among all solvents. Further, the incorporation of CuO enhances the electrochemical performance of proposed biosensor. All electrochemical results validate that the proposed biosensor (AChE/CuO@PEDOT:PSS/WP) shows high sensitivity and low detection limit of 9.1279 µA/nM and 0.42 nM, respectively. The proposed paper electrode can be a highly promising alternative to conventional electrodes that are known to have limited applications due to their high cost and limited flexibility. The accuracy of the proposed biosensor was successfully checked in two real samples, which makes it more applicable for PE detection in real-world scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a fabrication of a hyper-sensitive amperometric biosensor for paraoxon-ethyl (PE) detection. In this developed biosensor, polyaniline (PANI) and copper oxide (CuO)–based nanocomposite is used as a sensing platform. The homogeneous distribution of CuO onto the PANI matrix enhances the surface area and conductivity of the nanocomposite. Additionally, the PANI produces a compatible environment for enzyme immobilization, which further enhances the rate of electron transfer. For biosensor fabrication, the nanocomposite is deposited electrophoretically onto the ITO glass substrate and immobilization of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme is conducted onto the fabricated electrode surface. The results validate good reproducibility, good stability, and high selectivity of the fabricated biosensor (AChE/PANI@CuO/ITO). The inhibition rate of paraoxon-ethyl (PE) is recorded in the concentration range of 1–200 nM with a low limit of detection of 0.096 nM or 96 pM. The sensitivity of the developed biosensor is found to be 49.86 µA(nM)−1. The developed biosensor is further successfully accomplished for the detection of PE in real samples like rice and pulse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]