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Résumé: Ce projet avait pour objectif de préciser le risque environnemental associé à l'usage agronomique de composts de fumier de chevaux ayant reçu des traitements vétérinaires par une approche couplant l'évaluation de l'écotoxicité et la quantification des résidus médicamenteux. Le bilan détaillé des usages vétérinaires sur quatre années au sein d'une station expérimentale a permis de définir un protocole autour de deux événements entraînant un usage intensif de substances pharmaceutiques : la castration des jeunes chevaux et le traitement antiparasitaire annuel. Les résultats ont montré que sur six molécules utilisées pour ces opérations (un antiparasitaire, deux antibiotiques, un anesthésique, un anti-inflammatoire et un diurétique), quatre ont fait l'objet d'une quantification et seules l'ivermectine (antiparasitaire) et la pénicilline G (antibiotique administré après la castration) ont pu être quantifiées de manière significative au moment de la mise en compostage du fumier. Des bioessais sur deux organismes aquatiques (daphnie et microalgue verte) et quatre organismes terrestres ont été réalisés avec les molécules seules ou en mélange ainsi qu'avec les composts et leurs lixiviats. Les plus fortes concentrations auxquelles aucun effet n'a été observé (NOEC) à 72 heures ont été déterminées pour les deux organismes aquatiques. Les valeurs obtenues sont toutes supérieures à 1 μg/l et donc largement au-delà des concentrations environnementales, excepté pour l'ivermectine dont la NOEC est de 100 ng/l. La procaïne ne semble pas affecter les capacités de reproduction de la daphnie, mais une diminution de 52 % de la production de nouveau-nés est observée pour l'ivermectine à 10 ng/l. Une toxicité aquatique a cependant été observée lorsque les six molécules sont en mélange. En ce qui concerne les effets phytotoxiques, l'ivermectine, la dihydrostreptomycine et l'hydrochlorotiazide, pris séparément, engendrent une inhibition de la croissance racinaire sur les trois végétaux testés. Ces résultats peuvent expliquer la toxicité de certains échantillons de fumiers issus des boxes juste après traitement des chevaux. La convergence des essais de toxicité pour le compost préparé à partir du fumier ayant reçu l'ensemble des rejets des traitements ou à partir du fumier de référence permet de conclure à une absence d'effets significatifs sur le sol d'un amendement par du compost de chevaux ayant subi les traitements vétérinaires étudiés. This project uses a mixed approach — assessment of ecotoxicity and quantification of drug residues — to evaluate more accurately the environmental risk of soil amendment by horse manure compost including these veterinary drug residues. Use of veterinary drugs was assessed over 4 years and we defined an experimental protocol with two events involving intensive use of veterinary substances: the castration of young horses coupled with annual antiparasite treatment. The results showed that of the six substances used for these events (one antiparasite, two antibiotics, one anesthetic, one anti-inflammatory, and one diuretic), only ivermectin (a pesticide) and penicillin G (one of the two antibiotics given after castration) could be quantified before manure composting. Bioassays were carried out on two aquatic organisms (daphnia and green microalgae) and three terrestrial plants. The highest concentrations tested for which no effect on the organism was observed (NOEC) at 72 h were determined for the green microalgae and for the daphnia. Values were all above 1 μg/L and therefore well above the observed environmental concentrations, except for ivermectin with an NOEC of 100 ng/l. Procaine did not affect the reproductive capacity of daphnia but 10 ng/l of ivermectin led to a 52% decline in offspring. However, when the six molecules were used in "combination", aquatic toxicity was observed. Ivermectin, dihydrostreptomycin, and hydrochlorothiazide were all found to have phytotoxic effects, causing inhibition of root growth in all three plants. These results may explain the toxicity of some manure samples from stalls after veterinary treatment of horses. Overall, ecotoxicity tests on composts were similar for manure that received any or all of these treatments and control manure. No significant effect is observed on soil amended by horse manure compost following veterinary treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Irrigation & Drainage is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Irrigation & Drainage is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Irrigation & Drainage is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Irrigation & Drainage is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Irrigation & Drainage is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Irrigation & Drainage is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Hydrological Sciences Journal/Journal des Sciences Hydrologiques is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Irrigation & Drainage is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Irrigation & Drainage is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Hydrological Sciences Journal/Journal des Sciences Hydrologiques is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)