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Pseudospondias microcarpa is a tree belonging to the Anacardiaceae family. It produces a red or blackish blue fruit when ripe. This fruit is highly appreciated by the rural population of the Congo for its sweet smell as well as its sweet and tangy taste. Essential oils from epicarp, hull, kernel, and seed obtained by hydrodistillation were analysed by capillary gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry and flame ionization detection. A total of sixty-three compounds were identified as hydrocarbon and oxygenated monoterpenes, hydrocarbon and oxygenated sesquiterpenes, and nonterpenic derivatives. The main compounds depend on the part of the fruit: α-terpineol and borneol for the epicarp (22.9 % and 8.2 %), vaccenic acid and ascorbic acid 2,6-dihexadecanoate for the hull (20.1 % and 29.8 %), caryophyllene oxide and α-humulene for the seed (8.4 % and 6.8 %), α-humulene and β-caryophyllene for the kernel (9.4 % and 6.4 %). The presence of 2,6-dihexadecanoate ascorbic acid may partly justify the tart taste of this fruit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Upon activation under superacid conditions, functionalized tailor-made N-SCF3 sulfenamides served as reagents for the trifluoromethylthiolation of aromatic amines. This method has a broad substrate scope and can be used for the late-stage functionalization of complex molecules such as alkaloids or steroids. Mechanistic studies based on in situ low-temperature NMR spectroscopy revealed the involvement of dicationic superelectrophilic intermediates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Upon activation under superacid conditions, functionalized tailor-made N-SCF3 sulfenamides served as reagents for the trifluoromethylthiolation of aromatic amines. This method has a broad substrate scope and can be used for the late-stage functionalization of complex molecules such as alkaloids or steroids. Mechanistic studies based on in situ low-temperature NMR spectroscopy revealed the involvement of dicationic superelectrophilic intermediates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Back ground Helicobacter pylori infection is involved in several gastroduodenal diseases which can be cured by antimicrobial treatment. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of H. pylori infection and its bacterial resistance to clarithromycin, fluoroquinolones, and tetracycline in Brazzaville, Congo, by using molecular methods. Material and Methods A cross- sectional study was carried out between September 2013 and April 2014. Biopsy specimens were obtained from patients scheduled for an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and were sent to the French National Reference Center for Campylobacters and Helicobacters where they were tested by molecular methods for detection of H. pylori and clarithromycin resistance by real-time PCR using a fluorescence resonance energy transfer-melting curve analysis ( FRET- MCA) protocol, for detection of tetracycline resistance by real-time PCR on 16S rRNA genes ( rrnA and rrnB), for detection of point mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining regions ( QRDR) of H. pylori gyrA gene, associated with resistance to quinolones, by PCR and sequencing. Results This study showed a high H. pylori prevalence (89%), low rates of clarithromycin and tetracycline resistance (1.7% and 2.5%, respectively), and a high rate of quinolone resistance (50%). Conclusion Therefore, the use of standard clarithromycin-based triple therapy is still possible as an empiric first-line treatment as well as prescription of bismuth-based quadruple therapy, which includes tetracycline, but not a levofloxacin-based triple therapy because of the high rate of resistance to fluoroquinolones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Today, few known plant species provide both an essential oil (EO) and a vegetable oil (VO). Seed and husk of two Aframomum species were investigated and compared in terms of EO, fatty acids, tocopherols, and tocotrienols. RESULTS: EO yield reaches 15.3 g kg−1 in the seeds and 3.2 g kg−1 in the husks, while VO yield is 180.0 g kg−1 in the seeds and 25.0 g kg−1 in the husks. β‐Pinene, 1,8‐cineol, α‐selinene, terpine‐4‐ol, linalool, myrtenal and β‐caryophyllene are the major compounds of seed and husk EO. Fatty acid analysis of two Aframomum species shows that oleic, linoleic, and palmitic acids were the major compounds of VO. Total sterol contents reached 4.3 g kg−1 in seed VO and 8.5 g kg−1 in husk VO. An appreciable amount of tocopherols (0.52 g kg−1) was found in seed VO. CONCLUSION: The seed and husk oil of A. stipulatum and A. giganteum fruits are rich sources of many bioactive constituents such as fatty acids, sterols, tocopherols and tocotrienols. These tropical wild fruits can be considered as new Aroma Tincto Oleo Crops (ATOC) resources that contain both EOs and VOs. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The essential oils from the leaves of Lantana salvifolia Jacq. (Verbenaceae) growing in Brazzaville, Congo, were analysed by GC and GC-MS. They were characterized by the predominance of neral (15-20%) and geranial (26-34%); the more representative sesquiterpenes were β-caryophyllene and its oxide (11-18%). This essential oil is compared with that of Lantana camara L. and other species. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Superacid activation of N‐SCF3 sulfenamide reagents generates diprotonated superelectrophilic species for the trifluoromethylthiolation of aromatic amines, as shown by T. Billard, S. Thibaudeau, and co‐workers in their Communication on page 173 ff. This method can be used for the late‐stage functionalization of complex biomolecules such as alkaloids and steroids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]