Search

It was aimed that the morphometric development of the hyoid bone throughout the fetal period be anatomically researched and its clinical importance be evaluated. A total of 90 human fetuses (44 male, 46 female) whose ages varied between 18 and 40 gestational weeks and without an external pathology or anomaly were involved in the study. The fetuses were divided into groups according to gestational weeks and trimesters. In the wake of making the general external measurements of fetuses, the neck dissection was performed. Following the localization of the hyoid bone, the morphometric parameters pertaining to the hyoid bone were measured. The averages of the measured parameters according to the gestational weeks, trimesters and months, and their standard deviations were determined. There was a significant correlation between the measured parameters and the gestational age ( p < 0.001). Between the genders, there was no difference among the other parameters, except for those regarding the distance between the hyoid bone and columna vertebralis, the hyoid bone corpus length, the hyoid bone right cornu majus initial width, the hyoid bone left cornu majus initial width, and the upper distance between the hyoid bone cornu majus (es) ( p > 0.001). We are of the opinion that the data obtained during our study will be of use to forensic physicians and the involved clinicians in the evaluation of the development of the hyoid bone area during the fetal period, and in clinical studies and practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Lithium carbonate used in the long-term treatment of manic-depressive illness has been reported to lead to progressive renal impairment in rats and humans. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), a component of honeybee propolis, protects tissues from reactive oxygene species mediated oxidative stress in ischemia-reperfusion and toxic injuries. The beneficial effect CAPE on lithium-induced nephrotoxicity has not been reported yet. The purpose of this study was to examine a possible renoprotective effect of CAPE against lithium-induced nephrotoxicity in a rat model. Twenty-two adult male rats were randomly divided into three experimental groups, as follows: control group, lithium-treated group (Li), and lithium plus CAPE-treated group (Li+CAPE). Li were treated intraperitoneally (i.p.) with 25 mg/kg Li2CO3 solution in 0.9% NaCl twice daily for 4 weeks. CAPE was co-administered i.p. with a dose of 10 μM/kg/day for 4 weeks. Serum Li, blood urea nitrogen and plasma creatinine, urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG, a marker of renal tubular injury), and malondialdehyde (MDA, an index of lipid peroxidation), were used as markers of oxidative stress-induced renal impairment in Li-treated rats. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were studied to evaluate the changes of antioxidant status in renal tissue. Serum Li levels were found high in the Li and Li+CAPE groups. In Li-administrated rats, urinary NAG and renal MDA levels were increased according to control and Li+CAPE groups (p < 0.05). CAPE caused a significant reduction in the levels of these parameters. Likewise, renal SOD, CAT and GSH-Px activities were decreased in Li-administrated animals; CAPE caused a significant increase in the activities of these antioxidant enzymes. In conclusion, CAPE treatment has a protective effect against Li-induced renal tubular damage and oxidative stress in a rat model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]