Search

Background Presenteeism refers to being present at work but experiencing reduced productivity due to health problems, and has been known to be related to sleep loss. Workers commonly sleep longer on days off than on workdays, and presenteeism may be reduced with extended sleep on days off. Aims This study aimed to determine the association between sleep duration both on workdays and days off and presenteeism. Methods The participants were 1967 workers who engaged in work for 5 days and rested for 2 days weekly. Sleep duration was classified into less than 6 hours (short; S), 6–8 hours (medium; M), and 9 hours or longer (long; L), for workdays and days off, respectively. Presenteeism was assessed using the World Health Organization Health and Work Performance Questionnaire. Results On both workdays and days off, compared to medium sleep duration, short sleep duration was significantly associated with increased odds of presenteeism. The odds of presenteeism were significantly increased for S-S (odds ratio [OR] 2.17, 95% confidence interval [CI]1.40–3.37), S-M (OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.14–2.22), S-L (OR 2.71, 95% CI 1.05–7.00), and M-S (OR 6.82, 95% CI 2.71–17.17) combined sleep duration for workdays and days off, respectively, compared to an M-M (reference). Conclusions Sleep loss on workdays cannot be compensated for with longer sleep on days off. This study suggests that sufficient sleep duration on both workdays and days off is important for reducing presenteeism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes a suitable network architecture for the mobile communications system beyond IMT-2000. The rapid developments in mobile communication services have significantly altered the lifestyles of many people. With the increasing demand for access to the Internet, the amount of data traffic in mobile communication networks has significantly increased and will dominate these networks. Therefore, mobile networks beyond IMT-2000 should offer higher bit rate channels and adapt to multimedia traffic more efficiently. This article first forecasts market trends in mobile communications in order to identify requirements of the mobile communications system beyond IMT-2000. Then the article considers the network architecture of the mobile communications system beyond IMT-2000 that will satisfy those requirements [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]