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BACKGROUND: A pressing concern involves the efficient and intensive treatment of complications arising from malignant tumors in the hepatopancreatoduodenal region. This matter is closely tied to rectifying energy deficits, addressing insufficient body weight, and restoring proper metabolic processes. This is particularly crucial post-surgery, as the process is hindered by significant hypercatabolism, heightened nutritional requirements, and the presence of intoxication syndrome. OBJECTIVE: To consider the features of nutritional support in patients with tumors of the hepatopancreatoduodenal zone in the early postoperative period. METHODS: An investigation was carried out on 91 individuals aged 18 years and older who were afflicted with malignant tumors situated in the hepatopancreatoduodenal area. These patients were categorized into three distinct groups, each receiving a different form of nutritional assistance. The assessment encompassed various aspects of the patients' nutritional well-being, including outcomes from the screening protocol, body mass index, basal metabolic rate, and critical laboratory measurements such as blood lymphocyte count, total protein level, total bilirubin concentration, as well as ALaT and ASaT levels. RESULTS: Under the provision of parenteral nutritional support, as per the applied screening protocols, a span of 10 to 12 days saw 17 patients sustaining a "normal" nutritional state, while 14 patients experienced a condition of "moderate malnutrition." Notably, one patient (3.2%) demonstrated a regression from the status of "severe malnutrition." In the mixed nutrition group, within the same 10 to 12-day timeframe post-operation, there was a rise in the prevalence of patients classified as having "moderate malnutrition" according to the SGA and NRI scales by 10% and 6.7%, respectively. Remarkably, all indicators pointing to "severe malnutrition" were entirely eliminated as assessed by the mentioned nutritional evaluation scales (p<0.005). CONCLUSION: A notable degree of effectiveness in stabilizing and upholding the nutritional condition of patients was attainable within the isolated parenteral nutrition group. This achievement was realized by elevating the count of patients classified under "moderate" and "normal" nutritional statuses, and concurrently diminishing the number of patients experiencing severe and moderate nutritional insufficiency, respectively. The mixed type of nutritional support in this case can be considered with a high degree of probability as an alternative replacement for parenteral nutrition, due to the statically similar indicators of the nutritional status of patients achieved in this study (Fig. 4, Ref. 12). Text in PDF www.elis.sk [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Celiac disease is an immune-mediated condition triggered by gluten ingestion in genetically predisposed individuals. The global prevalence of celiac disease is significant, affecting approximately 1.4% of women and 0.7% of men, with incidence rates of 17.4 and 7.8 per 100,000 person-years, respectively. The clinical presentation of celiac disease may range from overt diarrhea and malabsorption to more subtle features such as nutritional deficiencies and extraintestinal manifestations. It is the most common cause of global malabsorption in Western countries. A life-long gluten-free diet is the only available treatment for celiac disease. Moreover, a gluten-free diet is often adopted by individuals without celiac disease, either to address non-celiac gluten sensitivity or for other reasons. This review aims to explore the current understandings of the nutritional consequences of untreated celiac disease and the impact of the gluten-free diet itself. Physicians and dietitians specializing in celiac disease should focus on providing a well-rounded nutritional scheme to address deficiencies caused by the disease and prevent the instauration of new nutritional imbalances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: Studies have shown a high prevalence of anemia and vitamin D insufficiency in older adults, and the literature suggests a relationship between these two conditions, as vitamin D insufficiency may impair erythrocyte synthesis. Food insecurity refers to the lack of regular access to sufficient and nutritious food, which can directly affect health by worsening conditions such as anemia and vitamin D insufficiency. This study evaluated the association between vitamin D insufficiency and anemia in older adults. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study with 430 individuals aged 60 and older, using personal interviews and blood tests for data collection. Anemia was identified with serum hemoglobin levels of <12 g/dL for women and <13 g/dL for men, while vitamin D insufficiency was defined as serum levels <30 ng/mL. We used multiple logistic regression to analyze associations through Stata version 17.0 software. Results: The prevalence of anemia was identified in 14.7% of the sample, and vitamin D insufficiency was observed in 63.5%. We found an association between vitamin D insufficiency and anemia (OR = 2.4; 95% CI = 1.2–4.7). In the final model, factors such as male sex (OR = 2.7; 95% CI = 1.5–4.9) and polypharmacy use (OR = 2.0; 95% CI = 1.0–3.9) were also associated, regardless of age group, food insecurity, and multimorbidity. Conclusions: Vitamin D insufficiency increased the likelihood of anemia among the older adults evaluated, suggesting that prevention and treatment strategies for anemia should consider vitamin D serum levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In commercial Pinus taeda stands, the appearance of needle chlorosis has intensified in slow growth areas. This study aimed to verify if Visible Atmospherically Resistant Index (VARI) captures heterogeneity of Pinus taeda development and to determine what specific factors are associated with occurrence of chlorotic symptoms. We evaluated a 14 year-old reforested P. taeda stand that had already undergone two thinnings; the study area encompassed 18.42 ha on soil derived from acidic igneous parent material. A VARI map was used to delineate the area into four classes: Very Low, Low, Medium, and High. In each class, tree growth was evaluated, and samples of tree tissue (needles, trunk cross sections, and fine roots), litter, and soil were collected for evaluation. There were no differences in soil classification and fertility between classes for this acidic low fertility soil. However, compared to the lower VARI classes (Low and Very Low), tree wood volume (without bark) of the High class was 0.20 m3 higher per tree. Higher VARI classes showed greater concentrations of Ca and Mg in needles, bark, and fine roots. The High class also showed higher concentrations of Ca and Mg in litter, but with less litter accumulation. Therefore, VARI efficiently captured tree growth heterogeneity with a direct relationship noted between VARI and tree growth (height, DBH, volume, and trunk mass). In addition, chlorosis symptoms (yellowing) at needle tips and tree crown loss were more likely indicative of Mg deficiency, which probably caused reduced tree development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Freshwater scarcity demands exploration of alternative resources like saline water and soils. Understanding the molecular mechanisms behind NaCl regulation in potential crop plants becomes increasingly important for promoting saline agriculture. This study investigated the euhalophyte Salicornia europaea, analyzing its gene expression, yield, and total phenolic compounds under hydroponic cultivation. We employed five salinity levels (0, 7.5, 15, 22.5, and 30 g/L NaCl) across five harvests at 15-day intervals, capturing plant development. Notably, this design deviated from conventional gene expression studies by recording organ-specific responses (shoots and roots) in plants adapted to long-term salinity treatments at various developmental stages. The highest freshmass of S. europaea was observed fourmonths after germination in 15 g/L NaCl. Identifying a reliable set of reference genes for normalizing gene expression data was crucial due to comparisons across shoots, roots, developmental stages, and salinity levels. A set of housekeeping genes -ubiquitin c (SeUBC), actin (SeActin) anddnaJ-like protein (SeDNAJ) - was identified for this purpose. Interestingly, plants grown without NaCl (0 g/L) displayed upregulation of certain genes associated with a NaCl deficiency related nutritional deprivation. These genes encode a tonoplast Na+/H+-antiporter (SeNHX1), a vacuolar H+-ATPase (SeVHA-A), two H+-PPases (SeVP1, SeVP2), a hkt1-like transporter (SeHKT), a vinorine synthase (SeVinS), a peroxidase (SePerox), and a plasma membrane Na+/H+-antiporter (SeSOS1). Other genes encoding an amino acid permease (SeAAP) and a proline transporter (SeProT) demonstrated marginal or dispersing salinity influence, suggesting their nuanced regulation during plants development. Notably, osmoregulatory genes (SeOsmP, SeProT) were upregulated in mature plants, highlighting their role in salinity adaptation. This study reveals distinct regulatory mechanisms in S. europaea for copingwith varying salinity levels. Identifying and understanding physiological reactions and sodium responsive key genes further elucidate the relationship between sodium tolerance and the obligate sodium requirement as a nutrient in euhalophytes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copper is a trace element that plays an essential role in neurodevelopment and neurologic function. Acquired copper deficiency has a range of neurologic manifestations, with myelopathy being the most common association. We describe here the clinical, radiologic, histopathologic, and toxicologic findings of a rabbit with malnutrition, neurodegeneration, and suspected copper deficiency. A stray, adult female dwarf rabbit cross (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in poor body condition developed ataxia and pelvic limb weakness progressing to lateral recumbency and urine retention. The clinical findings suggested multifocal brainstem disease with right-sided central vestibular involvement; however, microscopic examination identified thoracic and lumbosacral spinal cord myelopathy. Differentials for the spinal cord changes included neurodegenerative disease, nutritional deficiency, neurotoxin, trauma to the lumbosacral region, and ischemia. Hepatic copper levels were suboptimal at 18 ppm dry weight (RI: 24–150 ppm dry weight). While speculative, copper-deficiency myelopathy is a treatable cause of non-compressive myelopathy that may occur in this species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Hyperemesis gravidarum has the potential to affect the long-term health of offspring. We examined whether maternal hyperemesis gravidarum was associated with the risk of hospitalization for childhood morbidity. Methods: We conducted a longitudinal cohort study of 1,189,000 children born in Quebec, Canada, between April 2006 and March 2021. The main exposure measure was maternal hyperemesis gravidarum requiring hospitalization in the first or second trimester. The outcome was any pediatric admission between birth and 16 years of age, with follow-up ending in March 2022. We used Cox regression models adjusted for maternal and socioeconomic factors to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between maternal hyperemesis gravidarum and childhood hospitalization. Results: Among 1,189,000 children, 6904 (0.6%) were exposed to maternal hyperemesis gravidarum. Hospitalization rates at age 16 years were higher for children exposed to hyperemesis gravidarum than unexposed children (47.6 vs 43.9 per 100 children). Relative to no exposure, hyperemesis gravidarum was associated with a 1.21 times greater risk of any hospitalization before 16 years (95% CI 1.17–1.26). Hyperemesis gravidarum was associated with hospitalization for neurologic (HR 1.50, 95% CI 1.32–1.71), developmental (HR 1.51, 95% CI 1.29–1.76), digestive (HR 1.40, 95% CI 1.30–1.52), and allergic disorders (HR 1.39, 95% CI 1.24–1.56). When contrasted with preeclampsia, hyperemesis gravidarum was a stronger risk factor for these outcomes. Conclusions: Maternal hyperemesis gravidarum is associated with an increased risk of childhood hospitalization, especially for neurologic, developmental, digestive, and atopic disorders. What is Known: • Hyperemesis gravidarum is associated with neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring. • However, the effect of hyperemesis gravidarum on other childhood morbidity is unclear. What is New: • In this longitudinal cohort study of 1.2 million children, maternal hyperemesis gravidarum was associated with a greater risk of hospitalization before age 16 years. • Exposure to hyperemesis gravidarum was associated with developmental, neurologic, atopic, and digestive morbidity in childhood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peroneal neuropathy, characterized by the occurrence of a foot drop, can develop due to a variety of factors, such as tumors, trauma, or metabolic conditions, making it one of the most prevalent peripheral neuropathies of the lower limbs. This condition is becoming more identifiable among patients who have undergone substantial weight reduction through bariatric surgery. The condition may present with symptoms like pain, sporadic paresthesia, and functional restrictions, primarily linked to foot drop. This case study explores an episode of acute foot drop in a patient who underwent a sleeve gastrectomy, leading to substantial weight loss. The patient, a middle-aged woman with a history of obesity, underwent sleeve gastrectomy and achieved normal body mass index (BMI) within a year. Eleven months post-surgery, she experienced a right-sided foot drop following a minor knee injury. Detailed history taking revealed noncompliance with vitamin supplementation, recurrent vomiting episodes, and a recent diagnosis of pancreatic insufficiency. Peripheral neuropathy, particularly peroneal nerve involvement, was confirmed through nerve conduction studies and radiological imaging. The mechanism of injury was attributed to rapid weight loss, potential nutrient deficiencies, and possible traction to the nerve. This case underscores the importance of early identification, comprehensive nutritional assessment, and timely intervention in managing neurological complications of post-bariatric surgery. Increased awareness among healthcare providers, particularly musculoskeletal specialists, is crucial as the prevalence of bariatric surgery continues to grow, ensuring optimal care for patients in this vulnerable population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ahi Evran Medical Journal is the property of Ahi Evran University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The process of urban development and the migration of rural inhabitants to cities resulted in the loss of direct contact with the production of food of animal origin among the non-agricultural population, who associate its origin with the place of purchase. At the same time, the loosening of social bonds typical of city man (Homo civitas), reduced fertility and, consequently, unmet social needs, resulted in an increase in the number of kept companion animals that fulfill people's instinctive need for socialization. In many cases, dogs and cats have been given the status of family members. This shortening of the distance between humans and animals led to the humanization of animals and popularization of veganism and vegetarianism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advances in intensive care over the past few decades have significantly improved the chances of survival for patients with acute critical illness. However, this progress has also led to a growing population of patients who are dependent on intensive care therapies, including prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV), after the initial acute period of critical illness. These patients are referred to as the "chronically critically ill" (CCI). CCI is a syndrome characterized by prolonged mechanical ventilation, myoneuropathies, neuroendocrine disorders, nutritional deficiencies, cognitive and psychiatric issues, and increased susceptibility to infections. It is associated with high morbidity and mortality as well as a significant increase in healthcare costs. In this article, we will review disease burden, outcomes, psychiatric effects, nutritional and ventilator weaning strategies as well as the role of palliative care for CCI with a specific focus on those requiring PMV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Romanian Journal of Nutrition is the property of MEDICHUB MEDIA, S.R.L. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Risk factors that directly influence the incidence of stunting are the level of macronutrient and micronutrient intake. Micronutrient deficiencies cause about 1.1 million of the 3.1 million annual child deaths. This condition leads to hidden hunger, a condition of insufficient intake of micronutrients (especially iron, zinc, and iodine deficiencies). This study aimed to analyze hidden hunger in stunted and non-stunting toddlers with a multivariate model. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study. A total of 71 toddlers were taken as respondents for the stunting group and 71 toddlers for the non-stunting group. The study used data collection was 2 x 24-hour food recall, FFQ, and blood serum collection to check zinc deficiency, iodine, hemoglobin, and urine tests. For data analysis, multivariate logistic regression and then bivariate analysis were used. The regression method used is “backward”. Data was considered statistically significant with a p-value of <0.05. Results: Toddlers with stunting were much more likely to have inadequate iron (92.95%) and zinc intake (91.54%) compared to the non-stunting group (78.87% and 77.46% respectively). A significantly higher proportion of the stunting group (40.84%) had anemia compared to the non-stunting group (5.63%). Unlike iron, zinc, and anemia, there wasn’t a statistically significant relationship between iodine deficiency (p = 0.459) or hidden hunger (p = 0.058) and stunting. The results of the multivariate analysis suggest that iron intake, anemia status, and zinc deficiency are all important risk factors for stunting in toddlers. The anemia status variable was the most dominant cause of stunting because it had the highest OR value of 41.733. Conclusion: Toddlers with stunting are significantly more likely to have inadequate iron and zinc intake and suffer from anemia compared to non-stunted toddlers, with anemia being the most dominant risk factor for stunting, evidenced by the highest OR value of 41.733. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Nutritional disorders of phosphorus (P), due to deficiency or toxicity, reduce the development of Eucalyptus spp. seedlings. Phosphorus deficiency often results in stunted growth and reduced vigor, while phosphorus toxicity can lead to nutrient imbalances and decreased physiological function. These sensitivities highlight the need for precise management of P levels in cultivation practices. The use of the beneficial element silicon (Si) has shown promising results under nutritional stress; nevertheless, comprehensive studies on its effects on Eucalyptus spp. seedlings are still emerging. To further elucidate the role of Si under varying P conditions, an experiment was conducted with clonal seedlings of a hybrid Eucalyptus spp. (Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla, A207) in a soilless cultivation system. Seedlings were propagated using the minicutting method in vermiculite-filled tubes, followed by treatment with a nutrient solution at three P concentrations: a deficient dose (0.1 mM), an adequate dose (1.0 mM) and an excessive dose (10 mM), with and without the addition of Si (2mM). This study assessed P and Si concentration, nutritional efficiency, oxidative metabolism, photosynthetic parameters, and dry matter production. Results: Si supply increased phenolic compounds production and reduced electrolyte leakage in seedlings provided with 0.1 mM of P. On the other hand, Si favored quantum efficiency of photosystem II as well as chlorophyll a content in seedlings supplemented with 10 mM of P. In general, Si attenuates P nutritional disorder by reducing the oxidative stress, favoring the non-enzymatic antioxidant system and photosynthetic parameters in seedlings of Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla seedlings are sensitive to P deficiency and toxicity and Si has shown a beneficial effect, attenuating P nutritional disorder by reducing the oxidative stress, favoring the non-enzymatic antioxidant system and photosynthetic parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scurvy, a condition caused by vitamin C deficiency, is characterized by a syndrome of multisystem disorder due to defective collagen production and antioxidative function. This condition is infrequent in this modern era; thus, it is often not within the list of differential diagnoses. The broad clinical picture is generally overlooked as other systemic illnesses, resulting in an extensive investigation that delays the diagnosis. Herein, we report a case of an 8-year-old boy with underlying autism spectrum disorder who presented with lower limb pain and other constitutional symptoms. Examination revealed multiple hyperpigmented scars over the upper and lower limbs and gingival hyperpigmentation. With history of picky eating habits and clinical symptoms supported by radiographic findings, scurvy was suspected and subsequently confirmed based on a low level of ascorbic acid. With vitamin C supplementation and proper nutritional support, the patient recovered well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This case series describes the aggregate rate of recovery in five consecutive subjects (six eyes) with retinal vein occlusion (RVO) who received l -methylfolate and other vitamins via Ocufolin®, a medical food. Subjects were followed for 10–33 months by a single ophthalmologist. Ocufolin® was prescribed at the time of diagnosis and subjects remained on the regimen throughout the time of observation. Examinations were performed in an un-masked fashion at 3-month intervals with recording of best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), average retinal nerve fiber layer (ARNFL) and central macular thickness (CMT), and fundus (examination of the retina, macula, optic nerve, and vessels) photography. Testing was done for vitamin deficiencies, vascular and coagulable risk factors, and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) polymorphisms. Vitamin deficiencies and vascular risk factors were found in all subjects, and all four tested subjects carried at least one MTHFR polymorphism. By the end of the study period BCVA in all subjects was 20/25 or better. Cystoid macular edema was identified and measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT). The percent change was calculated and plotted at 3-month intervals using the percent change in thickness from the time of diagnosis and percent change toward normative values for ARNFL and CMT. The total reduction in thickness of ARNFL and CMT from time of diagnosis was 44.19% and 30.27%, respectively. The comparison to normative data shows a reduction of ARNFL from 164.2% to 94% and CMT from 154.4% to 112.7% of normal thickness (100%). Plots showed the aggregate recovery was most rapid over the first 3 months and slowed over the next 3 months with most of the recovery taking place within 6 months of treatment. The rate of improvement in BCVA and resolution of retinal thickening was found to be better than predicted on historical grounds. No subjects progressed from nonischemic to ischemic RVO. Vitamin deficiencies, vascular risk factors, and genetic predisposition to oxidative stress were common in this RVO series. It appears that addressing these factors with Ocufolin® had a salutary effect on recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Malnutrition is a major health concern among children especially in low and middle-income countries. However, there are limited studies on school health in Bangladesh. This study aimed to reduce malnutrition among primary school children in Bangladesh by increasing awareness and knowledge through school nurse-led health education. Methods and Materials: A prospective, open-label, parallel-group (1:1), cluster nonrandomized controlled trial on primary school children conducted in rural Bangladesh. The study lasted 13 months between September 2021 and September 2022. Four schools were selected and assigned to the intervention and control groups (CGs). Next, school nurses provided evidence-based health education to the children in the intervention group (IG) for 9 months to improve awareness and knowledge of malnutrition. Data were collected at baseline, midline, and endline. Results: Overall, 604 children were enrolled at the baseline; among them, 455 (CG, n = 220; IG, n = 235) completed the study. Changes in the malnutrition rate--the primary outcome--were not significant (P = 0.225). However, after adjusting the endline data with baseline and sociodemographic data, the children's body mass index improved significantly in the IG than in the CG (P < 0.05). Changes in eating behavior, and awareness and knowledge of malnutrition--the secondary outcomes--significantly differed between the groups (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The school nurse-led health education program significantly improved primary school children's awareness and knowledge of malnutrition. This study revealed the effectiveness of school nurses in reducing malnutrition among children, which may decrease future morbidity and mortality rates in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Bariatric surgery has a major role in treatment of obesity for patients with a history of unsuccessful trials to lose weight, as it gives the most successful results in achieving goals of weight reduction. Aim and objectives: The aim of this study was assessment of nutritional deficiencies through assessment of nutritional status among bariatric surgery patients. Methods: A case control study was conducted on 3 groups (32 participants in each group), Bariatric surgery individuals (12-18 months after surgery), Obese on diet individuals and Obese without diet individuals at Zagazig city from the beginning of Dec. 2019 to the end of Sep. 2020. Nutritional status was assessed using Subjective Global Assessment )SGA( Questionnaire. Results: The mean age was 32.41 ± 7.51 years .Females were about 3/4 of all groups. Most of the studied bariatric surgery group had Gasterectomy surgery and Gastric Bypass (68.8 % and 15.6 %) respectively. 75% of bariatric surgery group were severely malnourished while (62.5%) and (75%) of obese with diet and obese without diet groups respectively were moderately malnourished. Conclusion: Nutritional deficiencies are very common after bariatric surgeries more related to sleeve gastrectomy than balloon procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Needle chlorosis (NC) in Pinus taeda L. systems in Brazil becomes more frequent after second and third harvest rotation cycles. In a study to identify factors contributing to yellowing needle chorosis (YNC), trees were grown in soils originating from contrasting parent materials, and soils and needles (whole, green and chlorotic portions) from 1- and 2-year-old branches and the first and second needle flush release at four sites with YNC on P. taeda were analyzed for various elements and properties. All soils had very low base levels (Ca2+, Mg2+ and K+) and P, suggesting a possible lack of multiple elements. YNC symptoms started at needle tips, then extended toward the needle base with time. First flush needles had longer portions with YNC than second flush needles did. Needles from the lower crown also had more symptoms along their length than those higher in the canopy. Symptoms were similar to those reported for Mg. In chlorotic portions, Mg and Ca concentrations were well below critical values; in particular, Mg levels were only one third of the critical value of 0.3 g kg−1. Collectively, results suggest that Mg deficiency is the primary reason for NC of P. taeda in various parent soils in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) and malnutrition are major global health problems, with multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB complicating international efforts. The role of vitamin D in susceptibility to and as an adjunctive treatment for TB is being studied extensively, although no study has included MDR-TB patients in context to dietary profile with vitamin D levels and sunlight exposure. Objective: This study aimed to estimate vitamin D serum levels and examine their association with dietary intake of vitamin D and sun exposure in patients with MDR-TB. Methods: North Indian participants were enrolled in three groups: MDR-TB, drug-susceptible pulmonary TB (DS-PTB), and healthy controls. All consenting participants underwent the estimation of macro- and micronutrient intake and sunlight exposure using structured questionnaires. Serum biochemistry, including 25-hydroxyvitamin D and calcium levels, was measured, and the correlation between variables was determined. Results: 747 participants were enrolled. Significant differences among the three groups were found in mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, body mass index, macronutrient intake, dietary vitamin D and calcium content, and sun exposure index (SEI). All except sun exposure (SEI was highest in DS-PTB patients) were found to follow the trend: MDR-TB < DS-PTB < healthy controls. The mean serum vitamin D levels of all groups were deficient and correlated positively with dietary intake and SEI. Conclusion: In this study's we found significant association of serum vitamin D concentrations, dietary intake and sunlight exposure in MDR-TB, DS-PTB patients and healthy controls. Dietary intake may be more important than sun exposure in determining serum levels. However, the significance of this finding is uncertain. Further studies are required to confirm the association, direction, and potential for vitamin D supplementation to treat or prevent MDR-TB infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A pilot study published in Obesity Surgery examined the presence of peripheral neuropathy (PN) and cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) in individuals who had undergone Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery. The study found that individuals with prior RYGB surgery showed signs of neuropathy, and all participants had confirmed nutritional and/or metabolic deficiencies. The study suggests that larger studies are needed to confirm these findings in unselected cohorts. The article highlights the potential risks of micronutrient malabsorption and long-term nutritional deficiencies in patients who have undergone RYGB surgery. [Extracted from the article]

Severe malnutrition following one-anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) remains a concern. Fifty studies involving 49,991 patients were included in this review. In-hospital treatment for severe malnutrition was needed for 0.9% (n = 446) of patients. Biliopancreatic limb (BPL) length was 150 cm in five (1.1%) patients, > 150 cm in 151 (33.9%), and not reported in 290 (65%) patients. OAGB was revised to normal anatomy in 126 (28.2%), sleeve gastrectomy in 46 (10.3%), Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in 41 (9.2%), and shortening of BPL length in 17 (3.8%) patients. One hundred fifty-one (33.8%) patients responded to treatment; ten (2.2%) did not respond and was not reported in 285 (63.9%) patients. Eight (0.02%) deaths were reported. Standardisation of the OAGB technique along with robust prospective data collection is required to understand this serious problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The soybean grain yield is affected by several factors, among them, the nutritional deficiency caused by low levels of potassium (K+) is one of the main responsible for the reduction in grain yield both in Brazil and worldwide. Traditional methods of nutrient determination involve leaf collection and laboratory procedures with toxic reagents, which is a destructive, time-consuming, expensive, and environmentally unfriendly method. In this context, the use of hyperspectral data and machine learning regression models can be a powerful tool in the nutritional diagnosis of plants. However, the comparison among different machine learning algorithms for K+ estimation in soybean leaves from hyperspectral reflectance data is yet to be reported. From this, the goal of this research was to obtain K+ prediction models in soybean leaves at different stages of development using hyperspectral data and machine learning regression models with wavelength selection algorithms. The experiment was carried out at the National Soybean Research Centre (Embrapa Soja) in the 2017/2018, 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 soybean crop season, at the stages of development V4–V5, R1–R2, R3–R4 and R5.1–R5.3. The experimental plots were managed to obtain different conditions of K+ availability for the plants, from severe deficiency level to the appropriate level of nutrient, under the following experimental treatments: severe potassium deficiency, moderate potassium deficiency and adequate supply of potassium. Spectral data were obtained by the ASD Fieldspec 3 Jr. hyperspectral sensor in the visible/near-infrared spectral range (400–1000 nm) and correlated to leaf K+ through ten machine learning methods: Partial Least Square Regression (PLSR), interval Partial Least Squares (iPLS), Genetics Algorithm (GA), Competitive Adaptive Reweighted Sampling (CARS), Random Frog (RF, Frog), Variable combination population analysis (VCPA), Principal Component Regression (PCR), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Successive projections algorithm (SPA), and Stepwise. The results showed that K+ deficiency significantly reduce grain yield and nutrient content in the leaf, making enabling the clustering separation of all treatments by Tukey's test. Among the 601 wavelengths obtained by the sensor, the algorithms selected from 1 to 33.28%, largely distributed in the regions of red, green, blue, red-edge and NIR. In all stages of development, it was possible to quantify the nutrient with high accuracy (R2 ≅ 0.88). The multivariate regression models from the selection of variables contributed to increase the accuracy (R2) in about 7.65% for the calibration step and 6.45% for the cross-validation step, when compared to the model using the full spectra. The results obtained demonstrate that the monitoring of K+ in soybean leaves is possible and has the potential to determine the nutritional content in the early stages of plant development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aquaponic systems, an integration of aquaculture and hydroponics, have untapped potential due to challenges in water quality control, nutrient deficiency detection, feed management, and the lack of comprehensive market feasibility analysis. This study introduces an innovative approach that employs sensor technology, internet of things and machine learning to effectively address these issues. The Internet of things system is developed to monitor status of water and A Neural Network training model is developed to predict water quality parameters proactively before they reach critical levels, optimizing system efficiency, yield, and sustainability. By applying a deep learning-based model, nutrient deficiencies are detected early, using a convolutional neural network that classifies crops based on nutrient content. This gap-filling measure provides valuable insights for nutrient management in aquaponic systems. A novel automated fish-feeding mechanism, leveraging machine learning, eliminates the drawbacks of manual control and enhances system performance, product quality, and profitability. Additionally, a market feasibility analysis model, absent in prior systems, helps to forecast, and reduce the risk of overselling or unsold products. These advancements contribute significantly to the commercial and sustainable potential of aquaponic farming, providing a robust framework for future research and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Rice heavily relies on nitrogen fertilizers, posing environmental, resource, and geopolitical challenges. This study explores sustainable alternatives like animal manure and remote sensing for resource-efficient rice cultivation. It aims to assess the long-term impact of organic fertilization and remote sensing monitoring on agronomic traits, yield, and nutrition. Methods: A six-year experiment in rice fields evaluated fertilization strategies, including pig slurry (PS) and chicken manure (CM) with mineral fertilizers (MIN), MIN-only, and zero-fertilization. Traits, yield, spectral responses, and nutrient content were measured. Sentinel-2 remote sensing tracked crop development. Results: Cost-effective organic fertilizers (PS and CM) caused a 13% and 15% yield reduction but still doubled zero-fertilization yield. PS reduced nitrogen leaching. Heavy metals in rice grains were present at safe amounts. Organic-fertilized crops showed nitrogen deficiency at the late vegetative stages, affecting yield. Sentinel-2 detected nutrient deficiencies through NDVI. Discussion: Organic fertilizers, especially PS, reduce nitrogen loss, benefiting the environment. However, they come with yield trade-offs and nutrient management challenges that can be managed and balanced with reduced additional mineral applications. Sentinel-2 remote sensing helps manage nutrient deficiencies. In summary, this research favors cost-effective organic fertilizers with improved nutrient management for sustainable rice production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Balikesir Health Sciences Journal / Balıkesir Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Balikesir Health Sciences Journal (BAUN Health Sci J) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Iron deficiency is a public health problem with devastating health, developmental and behavioral effects which often exacerbated due to affordability and access to screening and diagnosis. Using IronScan™ a portable, point-of-care diagnostic system capable of quantitatively measuring ferritin in blood, we validated IronScan™ ferritin measurements using whole blood and serum with a lab-based, regulator-approved analytical device for measuring ferritin in venous serum. Capillary (finger stick) and venous whole blood samples were obtained from 44 male and female volunteers. Venous serum (vSer) ferritin concentrations were measured on Immulite 2000 Xpi (gold standard). Capillary whole blood (cWB), venous whole blood (vWB), and vSer ferritin levels were measured by IronScan™. cWB ferritin concentrations from IronScan™ were significantly correlated (R2 = 0.86) with vSer measured with the FDA-approved Immulite system. The results from the multiple regression analysis indicate that 10% of the variability was due to the method of blood collection (venous vs. capillary) and 6% was due to the form of blood analysis (whole blood vs. serum). The sensitivity of diagnosing iron deficiency using the WHO cutoff of <30 ng/mL is 90%, with a specificity of 96%. In conclusion, IronScan™ is a rapid viable option for measuring ferritin as a point-of-care system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The agriculture sector plays a crucial role in supplying nutritious and high-quality food. Plant disorders significantly impact crop productivity, resulting in an annual loss of 33%. The early and accurate detection of plant disorders is a difficult task for farmers and requires specialized knowledge, significant effort, and labor. In this context, smart devices and advanced artificial intelligence techniques have significant potential to pave the way toward sustainable and smart agriculture. This paper presents a deep learning-based android system that can diagnose ginger plant disorders such as soft rot disease, pest patterns, and nutritional deficiencies. To achieve this, state-of-the-art deep learning models were trained on a real dataset of 4,394 ginger leaf images with diverse backgrounds. The trained models were then integrated into an Android-based mobile application that takes ginger leaf images as input and performs the real-time detection of crop disorders. The proposed system shows promising results in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, confusion matrices, computational cost, Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC), mAP, and F1-score. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Southern Clinics of Istanbul Eurasia is the property of KARE Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective This study aimed to investigate the effect of vitamin D deficiency on metabolic syndrome among shift workers. Methods This study included 207 756 workers who underwent a comprehensive health examination at a large South Korean university hospital between 2012 and 2018. We performed multivariate-adjusted logistic regression analysis and analyzed mediation and exposure-mediator interaction. Results Overall, 5.5% of the participants had metabolic syndrome. Compared to day work, the odds ratios (OR) of metabolic syndrome and vitamin D deficiency (<12 ng/mL) for shift work were 1.14 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06-1.22] and 1.63 (95% CI 1.57-1.70), respectively. Among shift workers, the OR of metabolic syndrome for vitamin D levels of 12-20 and <12 ng/mL, compared with a level of ≥20 ng/mL, were 1.36 (95% CI 1.15-1.61) and 1.51 (95% CI 1.26-1.81), respectively. Shift work and vitamin D deficiency showed an additive interaction; the relative excess risks due to interaction, attributable proportion, and synergy index were 0.26 (95% CI 0.08-0.44), 0.17 (95% CI 0.07-0.28), and 2.09 (95% CI 1.23-3.55), respectively. When vitamin D deficiency was treated as a mediator, the direct and total effects of shift work on metabolic syndrome were 1.12 (95% CI 1.04-1.22) and 1.15 (95% CI 1.07-1.25), respectively. The indirect effect was 1.03 (95% CI 1.02-1.04) and accounted for 18% of the total effect. Conclusion Vitamin D is a potential mediator of the impact of shift work on metabolic risk factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the changing climatic conditions, one of the most pressing issues in wheat production is the improvement of the yield quality, the lack of which has a negative impact on animal and human health. More than 25% of the world's population are affected by micronutrient deficiencies in food products, a problem which is known as hidden hunger. Thus, effective micronutrient management is crucial for improving both the quantity and quality of wheat production by increasing the plant's ability to tolerate various environmental stresses and diseases. In this review, previous works were assessed to investigate the significance of micronutrient fertilizers and their interaction effects on the wheat grain yield and quality, including high-quality and nutritionally rich products. The application of micronutrients mixed with macronutrients significantly increases plant growth, physiological traits, yield components, the grain yield, and the quality traits. Among the types of applications, the foliar application of nutrients is very profitable due to its efficiency in terms of economics, ecology, and the qualitative and quantitative yield. In short, in-depth studies are needed to determine the best concentrations, forms, and times of application of micro-fertilizers to the wheat field and to mitigate the challenges of the increasing wheat demand due to steadily rising world population growth and reducing the rates of nutritional deficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Single Anastomosis Duodenal-Ileal Bypass with Sleeve Gastrectomy (SADI-S), like other hypoabsorptive procedures, could be burdened by long-term nutritional deficiencies such as malnutrition, anemia, hypocalcemia, and hyperparathyroidism. Objectives: We aimed to report our experience in terms of mid-term (2 years) bariatric, nutritional, and metabolic results in patients who underwent SADI-S both as a primary or revisional procedure. Methods: One hundred twenty-one patients were scheduled for SADI-S as a primary or revisional procedure from July 2016 to February 2020 and completed at least 2 years of follow-up. Demographic features, bariatric, nutritional, and metabolic results were analyzed during a stepped follow-up at 3 months, 6 months, 1 year and 2 years. Results: Sixty-six patients (47 female and 19 male) were included. The median preoperative BMI was 53 (48–58) kg/m2. Comorbidities were reported in 48 (72.7%) patients. At 2 years, patients had a median BMI of 27 (27–31) kg/m2 (p < 0.001) with a median %EWL of 85.3% (72.1–96.1), a TWL of 75 (49–100) kg, and a %TWL of 50.9% (40.7–56.9). The complete remission rate was 87.5% for type 2 diabetes mellitus, 83.3% for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and 64.5% for hypertension. The main nutritional deficiencies post SADI-S were vitamin D (31.82%) and folic acid deficiencies (9.09%). Conclusion: SADI-S could be considered as an efficient and safe procedure with regard to nutritional status, at least in mid-term (2 years) results. It represents a promising bariatric procedure because of the excellent metabolic and bariatric outcomes with acceptable nutritional deficiency rates. Nevertheless, larger studies with longer follow-ups are necessary to draw definitive conclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Vitamin B deficiencies are involved with several outcomes in fertility and pregnancy. In Brazil, the national prevalence rates of these micronutrient deficiencies in women of reproductive age were not known. This study aims to systematically identify, select, evaluate, analyze, and report the prevalence rates of vitamin B complex deficiencies in women of reproductive age in Brazil and identify variables that may modify the outcome rates. Methods: A systematic review will be conducted guided by the following question: "What is the prevalence of vitamin B deficiencies in women of reproductive age in Brazil?". The studies will be identified and selected from a literature search using electronic databases, consultation with researchers/specialists, and reference lists of eligible studies and reviews on the topic. Major eligibility criteria include observational cross-sectional and cohort studies carried out in Brazil and performed in women 10–49 years old, or pregnant and lactating mothers, and investigated the deficiency of vitamin B complex by laboratory test. Two reviewers independently will perform the screening and selection of the studies, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment. For the data report, a narrative approach will be used to present the characteristics of the included studies and individual findings. A random meta-analysis model will be implemented to summarize the individual prevalence rates in a global value if the studies are sufficiently homogeneous. Discussion: This study aims to identify the national and regional prevalence rates of vitamin B complex deficiencies in women of reproductive age; allow the policymakers discuss, plan, and implement public policies to screen; and prevent and/or treat these malnutrition conditions. This also aims to know the rates of nutritional deficiencies over the years, serving as an indirect indicator of the socioeconomic and dietary patterns of the population. Specifically for folate, this study allows to compare the prevalence rates of deficiency of this vitamin before and after the mandatory fortification of wheat and corn flours implemented since 2004 in Brazil, in this specific population. The evidence gathered may highlight the need for population-based studies to investigate the deficiency of these vitamins. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42020188474 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background Although previous studies have shown that vitamin A deficiency is associated with incident tuberculosis (TB) disease, the direction of the association has not been established. We investigated the impact of vitamin A deficiency on TB disease progression. Methods We conducted a longitudinal cohort study nested within a randomized clinical trial among HIV-infected patients in Haiti. We compared serial vitamin A levels in individuals who developed TB disease to controls matched on age, gender, follow-up time, and time to antiretroviral therapy initiation. We also evaluated histopathology, bacterial load, and immune outcomes in TB infection in a guinea pig model of dietary vitamin A deficiency. Results Among 773 participants, 96 developed incident TB during follow-up, 62.5% (60) of whom had stored serum samples obtained 90–365 days before TB diagnosis. In age- and sex- adjusted and multivariate analyses, respectively, incident TB cases were 3.99 times (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.41 to 6.60) and 3.59 times (95% CI, 2.05 to 6.29) more likely to have been vitamin A deficient than matched controls. Vitamin A–deficient guinea pigs manifested more extensive pulmonary pathology, atypical granuloma morphology, and increased bacterial growth after experimental TB infection. Reintroduction of dietary vitamin A to deficient guinea pigs after established TB disease successfully abrogated severe disease manifestations and altered cellular immune profiles. Conclusions Human and animal studies support the role of baseline vitamin A deficiency as a determinant of future TB disease progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The primary aim is to identify the micronutrient deficiencies commonly reported in SSc. The exploratory aim is to evaluate associations between micronutrient deficiencies and SSc clinical manifestations. Patient and Methods: We conducted a scoping review of all published reports on SSc and nutrition in PubMed from its inception to August 2020. Clinical trials, observational studies, meta-analyses, and case series (with ≥ 20 cases) containing data on nutritional deficiency and SSc were included. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) for reporting our findings. Two reviewers (ADN and ERV) studied the titles and abstracts of all search results with pre-specified inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Among 790 retrieved publications, 35 full-length articles and 3 abstracts met the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Included studies took place across multiple geographic locations and included patients with both diffuse and limited cutaneous SSc. Vitamin D deficiency was the most commonly reported deficiency described in SSc, followed by vitamin B12, vitamin B9, selenium, zinc, and iron. In addition, some small studies found deficiencies in vitamins B1, B6, C, E, and A. While some studies reported associations between specific micronutrient deficiencies and SSc disease features (eg, interstitial lung disease was commonly associated with vitamin D deficiency and elevated homocysteine [Hcy]), the evidence to support these associations was not robust. Conclusion: Micronutrient deficiencies are common in SSc and are associated with specific SSc features. Routine screening for micronutrient deficiencies may lead to early detection of malnutrition. Future studies are needed to understand how interventions to replete micronutrient deficiencies affect patient outcomes in SSc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nutritional deficiency is prevalent among the elderly, and it is associated with many adverse health consequences. China is rapidly moving toward an aging society with a large population; however, evidence on the epidemiological trends in nutritional deficiency among the Chinese elderly is limited. Data on the incidence of nutritional deficiency among Chinese adults aged 65 years or above from 1990 to 2019 were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 database. We used the joinpoint regression method to estimate the average annual percentage change (AAPC) and to describe trend patterns. Age, period, and cohort effects were determined using age–period–cohort models. From 1990 to 2019, the incidence of vitamin A deficiency and iodine deficiency among Chinese older adults decreased from 1784.12 and 8.20 to 304.27 and 7.26 per 100,000, with AAPCs of −0.41 (−0.44, −0.38)% and −5.86 (−6.29, −5.43)%, respectively. A continually increasing trend was seen for incidence rates of protein-energy malnutrition, from 1342.02 to 2275.87 per 100,000 person-years, with an AAPC of 1.70 (1.40, 2.01)%. These trends were more pronounced among men than women. A strong age effect and birth cohort effect were present. Specifically, the population that was older or born later had a lower incidence of deficiencies in vitamin A and iodine but a higher incidence of protein-energy malnutrition. The results show a substantial reduction in vitamin A and iodine deficiencies among the Chinese elderly, and health policies and public awareness are needed to address the burden of protein-energy malnutrition in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Main conclusion: Circadian clock components exhibit structural variations in different plant systems, and functional variations during various abiotic stresses. These variations bear relevance for plant fitness and could be important evolutionarily. All organisms on earth have the innate ability to measure time as diurnal rhythms that occur due to the earth's rotations in a 24-h cycle. Circadian oscillations arising from the circadian clock abide by its fundamental properties of periodicity, entrainment, temperature compensation, and oscillator mechanism, which is central to its function. Despite the fact that a myriad of research in Arabidopsis thaliana illuminated many detailed aspects of the circadian clock, many more variations in clock components’ organizations and functions remain to get deciphered. These variations are crucial for sustainability and adaptation in different plant systems in the varied environmental conditions in which they grow. Together with these variations, circadian clock functions differ drastically even during various abiotic and biotic stress conditions. The present review discusses variations in the organization of clock components and their role in different plant systems and abiotic stresses. We briefly introduce the clock components, entrainment, and rhythmicity, followed by the variants of the circadian clock in different plant types, starting from lower non-flowering plants, marine plants, dicots to the monocot crop plants. Furthermore, we discuss the interaction of the circadian clock with components of various abiotic stress pathways, such as temperature, light, water stress, salinity, and nutrient deficiency with implications for the reprogramming during these stresses. We also update on recent advances in clock regulations due to post-transcriptional, post-translation, non-coding, and micro-RNAs. Finally, we end this review by summarizing the points of applicability, a remark on the future perspectives, and the experiments that could clear major enigmas in this area of research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The primary objective of the study was to compare the number of patients with febrile seizure recurrence within 1 year of presenting to our institute, among patients who received and didn't receive oral iron supplementation. Materials and Methods: This prospective intervention study with historical controls was conducted to compare the number of patients with febrile seizure recurrence within 1 year, among patients who received and did not receive oral iron supplementation. The intervention group additionally received prophylactic iron supplementation of 20 mg biweekly for 1 year. Results: A total of 53 patients each were enrolled in both the groups, with comparable baseline characteristics. Although there was a trend toward a lower rate of recurrence of febrile seizures in the interventional group, as compared to the control group, it did not reach the point of statistical significance (P = 0.35). Both in the worst-case scenario and best-case scenario, there was a trend toward less risk of recurrence of febrile seizure in the intervention group, but it did not reach the point of statistical significance (P = 0.43 and 0.52). For the original scenario, worst-case scenario, and best-case scenario, the absolute risk reduction was 6.5%, 7%, and 6%, respectively, with corresponding number needed to treat (NNT) being 15, 14, and 16, respectively. The trend for absolute risk reduction was more pronounced in those with complex febrile seizures with an NNT of 6.5, but it still did not reach the point of statistical significance (P = 0.16). Moderate/severe IDA was also found to be an independent risk factor for recurrence of febrile seizure in the intervention group (P = 0.03). Conclusion: Oral serum iron supplementation does not significantly reduce the recurrence rate of febrile seizures in children aged 6-60 months. However, there is a trend toward reduction in the frequency of recurrence of febrile seizures, which is more pronounced in the subset with complex febrile seizures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Potassium (K+) deficiency is one of the most abiotic constraints reducing plant growth and productivity. The use of silicon (Si) has been reported to alleviate abiotic stresses in plants. However, data regarding the roles played by this element in mediating K+ deficiency are still scarce. Therefore, the present work was carried out to investigate the possible involvement of Si in mitigating the negative impact of K+ deficiency on cultivated barley Hordeum vulgare L. (var. Rihane). Methods: Plants were hydroponically grown either under K+ sufficient nutrient solution containing 3 mM K+ or in K+-deficient medium containing 10 µM K+ without or with Si (1 mM). Shoot growth, shoot water content, leaf osmotic potential, shoot K+ concentration, photosynthetic activity, chlorophyll fluorescence, soluble sugar concentrations, and shoot phenolic compound contents and their antioxidant properties were determined. Results: Results showed that shoot growth, shoot K+ concentration, and gaseous exchange were reduced by K+ deficiency. Photosynthesis decrease was mainly linked to sugar accumulation in leaves. Except for K+ concentration, a beneficial effect of Si was observed. A modulation in the accumulation of polyphenols and their antioxidant capacities has been observed. Conclusions: Overall, the data indicate that the beneficial effects of Si on barley plants grown under K+ deficient medium were mainly due to increased growth and photosynthetic activity but not through an improvement of shoot K+ concentration and phenolic compound accumulation and related antioxidant capacity suggesting a possible use of Si as a fertilizer to correct the deleterious effects of nutritional stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a neurological disorder characterised by optic disc swelling secondary to raised intracranial pressure (ICP) of unknown cause. Obesity is the most established and prevalent risk factor in developed countries. As obesogenic diets are high in calories and nutrient-poor, there may be associated nutritional deficiencies that contribute to the clinical presentation of IIH. Yet none, aside from iron deficiency, are currently included in the inclusion or exclusion criteria for the diagnosis of IIH. Our primary aim was to determine which micronutrient deficiencies, aside from iron deficiency, could present with optic disc swelling associated with or without intracranial hypertension that could potentially meet current IIH diagnostic criteria. To this end, we conducted a systematic search of articles published between 1 January 1980 and 18 December 2020 reporting cases of optic disc swelling associated with micronutrient deficiencies. In total, 65 cases met the eligibility criteria from initial searches: all were case reports and case series with a high risk of bias. Our findings suggest that patients with IIH or unexplained optic disc swelling ought to be screened, investigated, and treated for associated micronutrient deficiencies in vitamin A, B1 and B12; and weight loss interventions in IIH patients ought to promote better nutrition in addition to overall calorie restriction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: A balanced diet is imperative to maintain the normal physiological state of the human body. The tissues of the oral cavity have their own specific needs, which, if left unfulfilled, lead to symptoms of nutritional deficiencies. Objectives: The present article reviews the oral signs and clinical presentations of various macronutrients and micronutrients deficiencies. Material and Methods: Data was collected by electronic search of databases including PubMed and Google Scholar for macronutrients deficiency, micronutrients deficiency and oral manifestations. Result: Nutrients are broadly classified into two; macronutrients and micronutrients, depending on their necessity to the body. Macronutrients include proteins, carbohydrates and fats whereas micronutrients include Vitamins A, B, B12, C, D, minerals like iron, magnesium, calcium, zinc, iodine, fluoride etc. Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) is caused by an insufficient intake of calories, and as a result, protein. This disorder is closely linked to developmental anomalies in primary as well as secondary dentition. Enamel hypoplasia is a common anomaly associated with most micronutrient deficiencies. Conclusion: Symptomatic expressions of nutritional deficiencies are widely known to the public, but little attention is paid to oral manifestations. Hence, this study aims to highlight the wide range of disorders and illnesses caused by nutritional deficiencies in the oral cavity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Perspectivas en Nutrición Humana is the property of Universidad de Antioquia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: The field veterinary hospital records serve as indispensable sources of valuable information on various farm animal diseases of the respective areas. The current retrospective study was conducted to determine the distribution of clinical diseases of farm animals presented to Atpara Upazila veterinary hospital from January 2007 to December 2010. Methods: Animal, disease and related data from the official register books were stored using the Microsoft Excel spreadsheet program 2010. Descriptive statistics were performed and expressed as the percentage of disease and conditions with a 95% confidence interval. Results: Of the total 6825 clinical cases recorded from the patient register, cattle, goats and sheep were presented at 87.15%, 12.75% and 0.1%, respectively. The vast majority cases were medicinal (91%) followed by gyneco-obstetrical (6%) and surgical (2%) cases. According to etio-pathological nature, the most commonly observed disease categories were parasitic (20.35%), fever (4.67%), dermatitis (6.65%), metabolic and nutritional deficiency disorders (4.59%), anorexia (2.83%), diarrhea (2.52%), arthritis (1.47%), bloat (1.32%), pneumonia (1.29%), and FMD (1.27%). A higher proportion of female cattle and goats were presented compared to that of the males. Similarly, more adult animals were presented as clinical cases than young animals. Conclusions: Among the clinical cases in the study area, parasitic diseases were commonly prevalent irrespective of season and host. Appropriate strategic measures should be adopted to control such infection in the study area to minimize farm production loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During a weight loss program, energy restriction is performed, which can result in nutrient intake below the minimum recommendations if a proper diet is not offered. A common recommendation for dogs undergoing energy restriction is to use a veterinary diet formulated for the management of obesity to potentially reduce the likelihood of nutritional deficiencies. The objective of this study was to perform bromatological and essential mineral analysis in veterinary diets for the management of canine obesity available in the Brazilian market and to analyse whether these diets provide the recommended amount of nutrients per kg of metabolic body weight (kg BW0.75) for animals undergoing energy restriction. Samples of all veterinary diets for the management of canine obesity available in the Brazilian pet food market were analysed (n = 8). The nutrient supply per kg BW0.75 was calculated and compared with the NRC recommended allowance and FEDIAF recommendations by descriptive statistics. For this purpose, the weight loss energy requirement equations of 70 kcal/target body weight0.75 and 63 kcal/target body weight0.75 were used, in which target body weight corresponds to 10%–40% of the initial body weight according to the body condition score. The manufacturers' intake recommendations were also evaluated and compared to the NRC and FEDIAF recommendations. Almost all of the diets (n = 7/8) had at least one nutrient below the NRC and FEDIAF recommendations when target weight of minus 10%, 20% or 30% was considered, and all diets had at least one nutrient deficiency when the target weight was minus 40%. When the energy intake was restricted a further 10%, all diets had at least one nutrient below recommendations at the minus 30% target weight. The nutrients for which the recommendations were not met were as follows: calcium, magnesium, potassium, selenium, sodium, protein and fat. When compared to the manufacturers' recommendations, nutrient deficiencies were observed in all of the diets when compared to the NRC and in 7/8 when compared to FEDIAF, and all diets had at least one deficiency when compared to both NRC and FEDIAF after an extra 10% calorie restriction. It was concluded that the majority of veterinary diets formulated for weight loss/obesity management in Brazil did not meet all the recommendations of the analysed nutrients, which reinforces that diets for weight loss should be used according to veterinary prescription and should ideally be prescribed by nutrition specialists that can better understand the limitations of the diet's composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Severe obesity among adolescent shows a worrisome trend in regard to its increasing prevalence and poses a great challenge for treatment. Conservative measures have modest effects on weight loss, usually fail in achieving a sustainable weight loss and resolution of comorbidities. This has led to greater utilization of bariatric surgery (BS) that offers a fast reduction in body mass index with little perioperative complications. Despite the increasing utilization of BS, data are still insufficient, regarding their long-term outcome in adolescents. We review short- and long-term effects of BS and their implications on bone health and nutritional deficiencies in adolescents. In addition, we discuss possible pharmaceutical alternatives. Summary: BS results in a substantial weight loss of roughly 37% in the first-year post-operation and is superior to conservative measures in resolution of metabolic comorbidities. BS significantly improves health-related quality of life. Longer follow-up (F/U) shows weight regain in 50% of patients. Furthermore, reduced bone mass and nutritional deficiencies were reported in up to 90% of patients. Most recently, alternative to BS became more relevant with approval of GLP-1 analogues use in adolescents. GLP-1 analogues are potent enough to induce moderate clinically meaningful weight loss and improvement of metabolic component. Key Messages: We conclude that obese adolescents without major obesity-related complications may benefit from pharmacological interventions with lifestyle modification. We advise considering BS as treatment approach in adolescents with severe obesity and major obesity-related complications with proper preoperative preparation and postoperative F/U in excellence centers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]