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Wireless rechargeable sensor network (WRSN) is one of the most important networks in today's world for extending network lifetime. To ensure a collision-free contention in WRSN, this paper proposes the Contention Window Optimization using the Cuttlefish Algorithm (CWO-CA) and addresses existing issues such as the capture effect, the fairness problem, and the queue hike. For safe channel access, the fitness function of CWO-CA is proposed using the retransmission count, queue size, and residual energy of the sensor node. The proposed algorithm divides the Contention Window interval into two halves based on the fitness function, and the nodes are assigned in either half to guarantee service differentiation. The fitness function among groups of the proposed algorithm constitutes the best fitness value. By selecting the best fitness value, the proposed algorithm facilitates adaptive contention management by dynamically balancing resource utilization of the network with the optimal result. The nodal behavior of CWO-CA has been modeled using a discrete Markov model and also simulated to measure throughput, packet delivery ratio, packet loss ratio, average queue size, residual energy, and delay. These results confirm that the proposed CWO-CA algorithm attained better performance than other existing algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autonomous driving like subsequent generation cyber-physical system (CPS) with present improvement of wireless communication network, here is a substantial necessity of big data analyzes along greater accurateness and lower delay. Nevertheless, obtainable researches fail to discourse few challenges like adversarial attacks, centralized control, safety and secrecy. For overcome these issues, Blockchain espoused Adaptive multi-scale dual attention network with Quaternion fractional order Meixner moments for Cyber security in Wireless Communication Network (BC-CS-AMSDAN-QFOMM-WCN) is proposed in this manuscript. First, Adaptive multi-scale dual attention network (AMSDAN) approach is presented at the edge layer and mitigate the challenges in the cloud layer. The AMSDAN is built on a block chain environment to alleviate the triple main defies that is encryption, decryption, Mining and Generation of Block. In Encryption phase, every node in a wireless communication network is allotted a public and private key with the help of Quaternion fractional order Meixner moments (QFOMM). In Decryption phase, the digital signature is decrypted into messages through sender's public key. Mining and Generation of Block, a green proof of work mechanism is used to upgrading safety of transacted data. The proposed approach are implemented in Ethereum and Solidity programming language also this efficacy is evaluated through particular performances matrices, such as response time, CPU time, block creation time, delay, sensitivity, throughput, energy efficiency, computational cost, and accuracy. Then the performance of the proposed BC-CS-AMSDAN-QFOMM-WCN method provides 23.31%, 11.03%, 27.89% higher throughput and 36.51%, 13.09%, 22.24% minimum delay compared with existing method like Blockchain Based Privacy Preserving Framework for Emerging 6G Wireless Communications (BC-CS-B-RAN-WCN), Blockchain and Machine Learning for Wireless Communications and Networking Systems (BC-CS-DAG-ML-WCN) and Blockchain-Based Spectrum Sharing Transactions for Multi-Operators Wireless Communication Networks (BC-CS-SS-TSS-WCN) respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) are critical in medical emergency services within the Internet of Things (IoT). Ensuring efficient channel utilization while avoiding collisions and optimizing route allocation is a significant research focus in this field. However, the existing CSMA/CA methods need help updating the contention window and achieving fair node distribution. This paper proposes a novel Prime number-based Backoff Counter Adjustment (PBCA) strategy to address this issue. The PBCA algorithm dynamically adjusts the contention window based on the success counter and the prime backoff stages (BS). A mathematical analysis of the proposed PBCA algorithm uses Discrete-Time Markov Chains to study its impact on saturated throughput and collision probability. The proposed algorithm simulation experiments demonstrate the superiority of the PBCA algorithm over existing approaches. The proposed strategy significantly enhances throughput, reduces packet loss and delay, and ensures the reliability of the WBAN network. Compared to existing algorithms, the PBCA algorithm optimizes 48.1% in throughput, 39.47% in packet loss, 45.11% in delay, and 78.62% in reliability. These results outstand the performance of the existing algorithms. This advancement holds promise for enhancing performance and reliability in medical emergency services within IoT applications. The future extension of this work involves integrating reinforcement learning techniques to assess network status accurately, enabling adaptive and intelligent channel allocation in wireless body area networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient Contention Control algorithm aims to resolve contention among stations in a dynamic wireless environment. It seeks to achieve maximum throughput and low packet delay in transmission by maintaining fairness among active stations. The IEEE802.11 Binary exponential backoff algorithm (BEB) and most of the existing related algorithms never consider the current network load and hence provide unfair channel access. To mitigate these problems, an adaptive contention and congestion control (CCC) algorithm is proposed to estimate an appropriate contention window (CW) adjustments. The proposed CCC algorithm has two different mechanisms namely ConTention control and ConGestion control to effectively distinguish contention from congestion. But, BEB and most of the existing algorithms have failed to make such differentiation thereby increasing delay and collisions in saturated wireless network. The proposed CCC algorithm dynamically modifies both the lower and upper bounds of CW with respect to contention level and collision rate. An analytical model and extensive simulation study facilitate to highlight the performance enhancements of the proposed CCC algorithm in linear and random topologies. The simulation results reveal that the proposed algorithm outperforms the existing algorithms in terms of packet delivery ratio, packet loss, end-to-end delay, overheads and collision rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keywords: chromosome; cytokines; gene expression; inflammation; microarray; Rhinosinusitis; signalling pathways EN chromosome cytokines gene expression inflammation microarray Rhinosinusitis signalling pathways 719 722 4 04/29/22 20220501 NES 220501 Key Messages Extra-sinus nasal tissue has been used to support mechanistic statements for pathogenesis of CRSsNP. .001 ht In the present investigation, although inflammation is present within both the nasal floor and ethmoid sinus of patients with CRSsNP, the inflammatory gene and pathway expression profiles manifest differently across the two subsites. There were 46 transcripts that were significantly different between the anterior ethmoid sinus mucosa and the floor of the nose using a cut-off of a >=4-fold change was implemented and presented (Gene Expression Omnibus contains the full dataset). These findings may provide useful insight into how sinus mucosa differs in its inflammatory response from nasal floor mucosa, while accounting for site-dependent differences in the inflammatory profile of patients with CRS. [Extracted from the article]

Chest pain is one of the most common presenting complaints in the emergency department. Interpreting a 12-lead electrocardiography (ECG) for evidence of ischemia is always challenging. Frank ECG changes such as ST-segment elevation and ST-segment depression can be easily identified by emergency physicians. However, identifying subtle or early features of ACS in the 12-lead ECG is essential in preventing significant mortality and morbidity from ACS. In the following case series, we describe five of the subtle/early ECG changes of ACS, namely (1) T-wave inversion in lead aVL; (2) terminal QRS distortion; (3) hyperacute T-waves; (4) negative U-waves in precordial leads; and (5) loss of precordial T-wave balance. In all these cases, the initial 12-lead ECG showed only subtle/early ECG changes which were followed up with serial ECGs which progressed to STEMI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An Access Point can support up to 8192 stations with a coverage area of 1 km in the IEEE 802.11ah network. Due to its large communication area, this network severely suffers from hidden station problem. The various grouping strategies are used to separate hidden pairs, but with more communication overheads and computational complexity. To mitigate this, the efficient Randomness Region-based Grouping (RRG) and Proximity-based Regrouping Scheme (PRS) are proposed in this paper. The RRG partitions the entire network into a number of regions based on their closeness to reduce the active hidden stations. The PRS further reduces hidden stations using distance matrix and regroups into existing or new groups based on the Centroid of the neighbour groups. The proposed Markov model and NS3 simulation results reveal that the proposed algorithms outperform the other algorithms in terms of throughput, packet loss, packet collision rate, and fairness index. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: In heterogeneous wireless sensor networks (HWSN), the probability‐based node discovery method may result in inaccuracy and time consumption. Also, the adaptive adjustment of transmission range based on overhead and connectivity may result in additional overhead and time. Hence, in this paper, the author proposes to design a low‐cost localization technique using Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) optimization algorithm for HWSN. In this technique, ABC optimization algorithm is applied for deploying the anchor nodes for coverage. Then, the connectivity between the nodes is ensured with minimum transmission power. Since this method involves minimum transmission power level (TPL) and the only minimum set of anchor nodes with strong coverage is involved, it has low‐cost utilizing lower power consumption. By simulation result, it has been shown that the proposed method reduces power consumption leading to low cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the rare causes of diffuse T-wave inversion (TWI) in electrocardiogram (ECG) is memory T-waves. This should be considered among the differentials of diffuse TWI in ECG of patients presenting to the emergency department (ED), especially when they have previous episodes of ventricular tachycardia (VT) or pacemaker implantation or Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. These TWIs are benign and do not require any treatment. However, it is of paramount importance for the emergency physician to differentiate it from ischemia-related T-wave changes. In the following case series, we report three cases of memory T-waves. Two of the cases had TWI in leads II, III, aVF, and V3 to V6 following reversion of VT. The other patient, with a? VVI (Left ventricle paced, Left ventricle sensed, Inhibition to sensing) pacemaker, had memory T-waves in the ECG taken during normal sinus rhythm. In all the three patients, we considered memory T-waves to be the possible cause of TWI. The electrocardiographic diagnostic criteria for memory T-waves are positive T in lead aVL and positive/isoelectric T in the lead I; and precordial TWI >inferior TWI. These criteria are 92% sensitive and 100% specific. In the following case series, we also provide an algorithmic approach for patients with suspected memory T-waves in their 12-lead ECG when they present to the ED. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to self-organizing and self-configuring nature of multihop adhoc networks, routing is the most challenging task. Zone routing protocol (ZRP) is one of the hybrid routing protocols that combines the benefits offered by reactive and proactive routing protocol. But ZRP leads to performance degradation as it assumes that all nodes are moving in uniform speed with static zone radius, irrespective of current network status. To enhance the performance of ZRP, this paper proposes an adaptive mobility, density and energy based zone routing protocol (MDE-ZRP) using fuzzy logic to facilitate dynamic zone radius determination based on mobility speed, neighborhood density and residual energy of nodes. The analytical model for determining routing overhead of the proposed protocol is also developed to ensure performance enhancements. The NS2 simulation of the proposed MDE-ZRP is performed under random waypoint and multi mobility models with varying number of nodes. The extensive simulation results reveal that the proposed MDE-ZRP outperforms ZRP, optimized velocity based adaptive ZRP (OVBAZRP) in terms of routing overhead, jitter, energy consumption, packet delivery ratio, loss and collision rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Any online transaction that involves digital money is a bit of a challenge these days with the rising threats of hackers trying to steal bank details posted online. This leads to the invention of various kinds of crypto-currency, Bitcoin being one of them. The technology behind using the Bitcoin is popularly called as Blockchain. Blockchain is a digitized, de-centralized, public ledger of all crypto-currency transaction/s. Blockchain tries to create and share all the online transactions, stored in a distributed ledger, as a data structure on a network of computers. It validates the transactions using peer-to-peer network of computers. It allows users to make and verify transactions immediately without a central authority. Blockchain is a transaction database which contains information about all the transactions ever executed in the past and works on Bitcoin protocol. In this analysis paper we discussed what is Blockchain?, SWOT analysis of BC, Types of BC and how Blockchain works along with its advantages and disadvantages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The last step in the management of symptomatic bradycardia according to the advanced cardiac life support algorithm is temporary transvenous pacemaker insertion (TPI). TPI done by an emergency physician in the emergency department (ED) is on the rise particularly in South India owing to the increased incidence of yellow oleander poisoning. As in ED, we use passive fixation leads, fixation of a transvenous pacer lead is very important. In the following case series, we describe two novel techniques namely, "the alpha-bent" and "tunneling" for fixing the transvenous pacer lead. This technique of fixing the lead reduces lead displacement thus minimizing the potential complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary goal of a MANET routing protocol is to provide a stable and efficient route to exchange messages between source and destination in a timely manner. This paper proposes an adaptive mechanism, namely Optimised Border node based Most Forward within Radius (OBMFR) mechanism to improve the method of choosing forwarding nodes towards the destination. The routing constraints such as region, mobility speed, residual energy and queue length are utilised by fuzzy logic controller to elect the potential forwarding node to improve the stability of routing paths. The performance metrics such as delay, routing overhead and energy consumption are significantly reduced as inferred from NS2 simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dynamic nature of IEEE802.11 Wireless LAN network poses several challenges in developing a contention resolution scheme. A contention control algorithm guarantees maximum channel throughput by reducing collisions and improves the fairness among competing nodes. Based on the local history and neighbouring station' status, a new algorithm namely Channel Status based Sliding Contention Window (CS-SCW) algorithm is proposed in this paper to adopt the optimum contention window interval. In the proposed algorithm, a fuzzy controller is used to infer about the current channel condition and to regulate the random access in network. Simulation results confirm the enhanced performance of the proposed CS-SCW algorithm in terms of success rate, packet loss, fairness index and energy consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Determining the Contention Window(CW) size is the prime factor to afford collision free transmission in wireless networks. Binary Exponential Backoff (BEB) is the fundamental contention resolution method in IEEE 802.11 Distributed Coordination Function(DCF). However it has certain limitations with respect to several performance issues such as capture phenomenon, deteriorated queueing performance and high collision rate. To resolve these issues, in this paper, novel effective Backoff algorithms using special polygonal sequences are proposed. Fixed Backoff stage and Fixed Contention window (FBFC) mathematical model and extensive NS2 simulation analysis are carried out to investigate the performance of the proposed algorithms under random, linear and grid topology. It could be inferred from the analyses that the proposed algorithms outperform BEB in terms of saturated throughput, packet loss, collision ate, control overhead and routing overhead [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A net-based, decision support system for diagnostic assessment and management of psychiatric disorders, developed as part of a telepsychiatry service, which aims to deliver mental health care to underserved population of remote areas in India is described. This paper presents the development and preliminary results of diagnostic validation of the application, intended for use among adult patients. The bilingual (English and Hindi) diagnostic tool consists of a core diagnostic section comprising a screening sub-module and criteria-based diagnostic sub-modules for 18 adult psychiatric disorders, and additional sections covering background information. The diagnostic tool of the application was examined among 100 consecutive consenting adult outpatients, by comparing it with detailed semi-structured clinical assessments led by a consultant psychiatrist, on accuracy of diagnoses generated, and examining the feasibility of its use. Results: The screening sub-module had high sensitivity and high specificity, low positive predictive values, but high negative predictive values for most disorders. For the diagnostic sub-modules, there was moderate (kappa = 0.4-0.6), to substantial agreement (kappa > 0.6) between diagnoses generated by the tool and consultants’ diagnoses, for all the disorders except dysthymia. Sensitivity was high barring a few disorders. Specificity was high for all the disorders, positive predictive values were acceptable to high for most disorders, and negative predictive values were consistently high. Completion rate was 100%; average time taken was five minutes for screening alone, and 30 minutes for complete assessment with screening and criteria-based evaluation. A majority of the patients, their relatives, and interviewers were satisfied with the interview. Conclusions: The preliminary results indicated that despite some limitations, the new diagnostic system was reasonably comprehensive, time-efficient and feasible, with an acceptable level of diagnostic accuracy. Hence, it appeared to be suitable for use as a telepsychiatric application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]