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Resistance to systemic therapies in sarcomas poses a significant challenge to improving clinical outcomes. Recent research has concentrated on the tumor microenvironment's role in sarcoma progression and treatment resistance. This microenvironment comprises a variety of cell types and signaling molecules that influence tumor behavior, including proliferation, metastasis, and resistance to therapy. Adenosine, abundant in the tumor microenvironment, has been implicated in promoting immunosuppression and chemoresistance. Targeting adenosine receptors and associated pathways offers a novel approach to enhancing immune responses against tumors, potentially improving immunotherapy outcomes in cancers, including sarcomas. Manipulating adenosine signaling also shows promise in overcoming chemotherapy resistance in these tumors. Clinical trials investigating adenosine receptor antagonists in sarcomas have fueled interest in this pathway for sarcoma treatment. Ultimately, a comprehensive understanding of the tumor and vascular microenvironments, as well as the adenosine pathway, may open new avenues for improving treatment outcomes and overcoming resistance in sarcoma. Further studies and clinical trials are crucial to validate these findings and optimize therapeutic strategies, particularly for osteosarcoma. This study provides a literature review exploring the potential role of the adenosine pathway in sarcomas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background: Somatic mutations may be connected to the exposome, potentially playing a role in breast cancer's development and clinical outcomes. There needs to be information regarding Latin American women specifically, as they are underrepresented in clinical trials and have limited access to somatic analysis in their countries. This study aims to systematically investigate somatic mutations in breast cancer patients from Latin America to gain a better understanding of tumor biology in the region. (2) Methods: We realize a systematic review of studies on breast cancer in 21 Latin American countries using various databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, RedAlyc, Dianlet, and Biblioteca Virtual en Salud. Of 392 articles that fit the criteria, 10 studies have clinical data which can be used to create a database containing clinical and genetic information. We compared mutation frequencies across different breast cancer subtypes using statistical analyses and meta-analyses of proportions. Furthermore, we identified overexpressed biological processes and canonical pathways through functional enrichment analysis. (3) Results: 342 mutations were found in six Latin American countries, with the TP53 and PIK3CA genes being the most studied mutations. The most common PIK3CA mutation was H1047R. Functional analysis provided insights into tumor biology and potential therapies. (4) Conclusion: evaluating specific somatic mutations in the Latin American population is crucial for understanding tumor biology and determining appropriate treatment options. Combining targeted therapies may improve clinical outcomes in breast cancer. Moreover, implementing healthy lifestyle strategies in Latin America could enhance therapy effectiveness and clinical outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spondyloocular syndrome (SOS) is a rare autosomal-recessive disorder. Since 2015, SOS has been linked to mutations in xylosyltransferase II (XYLT2) locus. Phenotypic features could affect multiple systems, such as sight, hearing, or bones. Herein, we report a case of SOS with multiple bone fractures without trauma, bilateral cataracts, and sensorineural hearing loss. Mutations in XYLT2 gene were detected, and the diagnosis of SOS was made. At the age of 8, the patient presented with progressive vision loss. Slit-lamp examination revealed inferior steepening, apical scarring, and thinning of the cornea. Due to keratoconus suspicion, a corneal tomography was done, confirming the diagnosis of keratoconus. We present the first case of bilateral keratoconus in a patient with SOS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acotaciones: Investigación y Creación Teatral is the property of Real Escuela Superior de Arte Dramatico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Farmacéuticos Comunitarios is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Farmacia Familiar y Comunitaria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Antropología Social is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Product degradability, sustainability and low-toxicity are driving demand for the synthesis of biobased polymers and surfactants. Here we report the synthesis of novel surface active polymers using cyclic esters (d,l-lactide) and temperature sensitive polyols (d-sorbitol) as renewable building blocks. We highlight the modification of chain length and degree of branching to provide a route to tailoring the properties and application performance of these new compounds. High processing temperatures (≥180 °C) and harsh post-reaction treatments are often needed to remove residual monomer and catalysts and these can become barriers to creating materials based on renewable resources. Here we exploit supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) as a green solvent to overcome these challenges; significantly reducing reaction temperatures, targeting controlled molecular weights with narrow dispersities and reducing side-product formation. Additionally in the same pot, we can use supercritical extraction to purify the compounds and to efficiently remove unreacted reagents, which could be recovered and recycled. We believe that our approach to the production and purification of these novel branched poly(lactides) is a significant step towards the development of the next generation of biopolymers and green surfactants, combining both the use of bio-sourced raw materials and the potential to use sustainable, low energy processes and techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) radiometer operates within the Earth Exploration Satellite Service passive band at 1400–1427 MHz. Since its launch in November 2009, SMOS images are strongly impacted by radio frequency interference (RFI). So far >500 RFI sources distributed worldwide have been detected. Up to 42% of these RFIs could be suppressed thanks to the co-operation of the National Spectrum Management Authorities. Some of the strongest RFI sources might mask other weaker sources underneath, hence it is expected the total number of RFI detected may increase as strong ones are progressively identified and switched off. Most RFIs are located in Asia and Europe, which together hold \sim73\% of the active sources and >90\% of the strongest interference. The areas affected by RFI may experience either an underestimation in the retrieved values of soil moisture and ocean salinity or data loss, with the associated detrimental impact on the scientific return. ESA and the teams participating in SMOS mission have put in place different strategies to alleviate this RFI situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) satellite is strongly affected by radio-frequency interference (RFI). A detection algorithm has been developed to accurately obtain the coordinates of the interfering source emitters from the SMOS images. The results obtained from this detection algorithm are regularly used to locate the on-ground sources of interference. This has allowed the identification and termination of over 200 RFI sources observed by SMOS. In the majority of cases, the accuracy of the coordinates provided was better than 4 km, which is a very important achievement considering that SMOS spatial resolution is larger than 35 km and that the contamination of a single RFI can extend to several thousands of kilometers in some cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]