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The development of solar energy is one of the most effective means to deal with the environmental and energy crisis. The floating photovoltaic (PV) system is an attractive type because of its multiple advantages and has been well developed based on fresh water areas on land. This paper focuses on the expansion of this sector towards the ocean, offshore floating PV plants, which is the new growth point with huge potential for the future PV sector. For this new field, the technology readiness level is really low and research to understand the interaction between offshore floating PV plants and marine environment are proceeding. In this paper, we aim to discuss the technological feasibility of offshore floating PV plants as well as analyze potential impacts on the marine environment during the life cycle of PV from manufacturing until disposal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we present a diode-pump continuous wave laser amplifier chain where master the oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) architecture is used. The laser amplifier chain consists of two Yb:YAG surface-doped slab laser modules and the 1030nm fiber laser is used as seed. We theoretically calculate the conditions for obtaining high output laser power and systematically analyze the advantages of surface-doped slab. The maximum output power is 6.1 kW and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is 27% when the pump power is 22 kW at room temperature. The beam quality (β) is 2.8 times diffraction limit. These results demonstrate that the surface-doped slab structure has the potential to obtain high output laser power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objectives] To analyze man components of polyphenols of Trillium tschonoskii Maxim. and study changes under different Se concentrations. [Methods] In this experiment, the Trillium tschonoskii Maim. was used and spectrophotometry was applied to measure the total phenols in stems, leaves and rhizomes of Trillium tschonoskii Maxim. [Results] Total phenols in stems and leaves and rhizomes of Trillium tschonoskii Maim. were 3. 026% and 0.513% respectively, the content of total phenols in stems and leaves was 5.9 times of that in rhizomes; total phenol extracting solution was analyzed through UV-Vis scanning, HPLC detection, and LC-MS; 3 main polyphenol compounds were obtained: chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid and rutin, in which chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid were firstly discovered in Triillum tschonoskii Maim. and rutin was firstly discovered in stems and leaves of Triillum tschonoskii Maim. HPLC method was used to measure the content of chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and rutin in stems and leaves of Triilium tschonoskíi Maim. under diferent Se concentrations. [Conclusions] The content of chlorogenic acid in stems and leaves of Triilium tschonoskii Maxim. increases with the increase of Se concentration, showing Se promotes Se accumulation and the maximum content of chlorogenic acid is 2.58%; the content of caffeic acid in stems and leaves of Trillium tschonoskii Maim. increases slighty with the Se concentration, showing the promotion of Se to accumulation of caffeic acid is not significant; the content of rutin in stems and leaves of Trillium tschonoskii Maim. firstly increases then declines with the increase in Se concentration, at 25 mg/kg Se concentration, rutin reached the maimum value, showing the promotion of Se to rutin accumulation is not significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The key to enzyme function is the maintenance of an appropriate balance between molecular stability and structural flexibility. The lid domain which is very important for "interfacial activation" is the most flexible part in the lipase structure. In this work, rational design was applied to explore the relationship between lid rigidity and lipase activity by introducing a disulfide bond in the hinge region of the lid, in the hope of improving the thermostability of R. chinensis lipase through stabilization of the lid domain without interfering with its catalytic performance. A disulfide bridge between F95C and F214C was introduced into the lipase from R. chinensis in the hinge region of the lid according to the prediction of the "Disulfide by Design" algorithm. The disulfide variant showed substantially improved thermostability with an eleven-fold increase in the t 1/2 value at 60°C and a 7°C increase of Tm compared with the parent enzyme, probably contributed by the stabilization of the geometric structure of the lid region. The additional disulfide bond did not interfere with the catalytic rate (kcat) and the catalytic efficiency towards the short-chain fatty acid substrate, however, the catalytic efficiency of the disulfide variant towards pNPP decreased by 1.5-fold probably due to the block of the hydrophobic substrate channel by the disulfide bond. Furthermore, in the synthesis of fatty acid methyl esters, the maximum conversion rate by RCLCYS reached 95% which was 9% higher than that by RCL. This is the first report on improving the thermostability of the lipase from R. chinensis by introduction of a disulfide bond in the lid hinge region without compromising the catalytic rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we investigate laser cleaning using a flattened top laser to remove paint coating from a metal substrate. Under the irradiation of a flattened top laser, the coating paint of the metal substrate can be removed efficiently by laser induced ablation, stress, and displacement force. The temperature distribution, stress, and displacement are calculated in the coating layer and substrate using finite element analysis. The effects of a Gaussian laser and a flattened top laser and the results of different diameters of laser spot are compared. The investigation shows that the flattened top laser can reduce the substrate damage and enhance the cleaning efficiency. This method meets the need of large area industrial cleaning applications by optimizing the flattened top laser parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Prolactinoma is the most frequent pituitary tumor in humans. The dopamine D2 receptor agonist bromocriptine has been widely used clinically to treat human breast tumor and prolactinoma through inhibition of hyperprolactinemia and induction of tumor cell apoptosis, respectively, but the molecular mechanism of bromocriptine induction of pituitary tumor apoptosis remains unclear. Caveolin-1 is a membrane-anchored protein enriched on caveolae, inverted flaskshaped invaginations on plasma membranes where signal transduction molecules are concentrated. Currently, caveolin-1 is thought to be a negative regulator of cellular proliferation and an enhancer of apoptosis by blocking signal transduction between cell surface membrane receptors and intracellular signaling protein cascades. Rat pituitary adenoma GH3 cells, which express endogenous caveolin-1, exhibit increased apoptosis and shrinkage after exposure to bromocriptine. Hence, the GH3 cell line is an ideal model for studying the molecular action of bromocriptine on prolactinoma. Results: The expression of endogenous caveolin-1 in GH3 cells was elevated after bromocriptine treatment. Transiently expressed mouse recombinant caveolin-1 induced apoptosis in GH3 cells by enhancing the activity of caspase 8. Significantly, caveolin-1 induction of GH3 cell apoptosis was sensitized by the administration of bromocriptine. Phosphorylation of caveolin-1 at tyrosine 14 was enhanced after bromocriptine treatment, suggesting that bromocriptine-induced phosphorylation of caveolin-1 may contribute to sensitization of apoptosis in GH3 cells exposed to bromocriptine. Conclusion: Our results reveal that caveolin-1 increases sensitivity for apoptosis induction in pituitary adenoma GH3 cells and may contribute to tumor shrinkage after clinical bromocriptine treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a scheme to generate, in an ion-trap, a type of multipartite maximally entangled state which was first introduced by Chen et al. [Chen P X, Zhu S Y and Guo G C 2006 Phys. Rev. A 74 032324]. The maximum entanglement property of these states is examined. It also demonstrates how to discriminate among these states in the ion-trap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper realizes a nondestructive and complete Bell-state analysis for atomic qubit systems by a designed nondestructive and complete Bell-state analyser. In the scheme, Bell states are completely discriminated by two bits of classical informations which comes from the locality single atom detection on two auxiliary atoms, during which the Bell states are not affected. The needed devices are well within the bounds of current technology, and then the scheme is experimentally feasible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By virtue of the generalised Hermann-Feynmam theorem we re-derive the energy average formula of photon gas. This is another useful application of the theorem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In terms of the intermediate coordinate-momentum representation (Chin. Phys. Lett. 18 (2001) 850) and using the technique of integration within an ordered product of operators, we put the tomography theory into operator version. We reveal the new relation between the tomogram and the characteristic function of the density operator. The new expansion of the density operator in terms of the intermediate coordinate-momentum representation is also obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]