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The chiral materials and circularly polarized organic light‐emitting diodes (CP‐OLEDs) have potential applications in 3D display due to the generation of circularly polarized luminescence (CPL). However, achieving a combination of chirality, high efficiency, and narrowband emission for thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials has proven to be a challenging endeavor, often involving complicated synthesis and chiral separation processes. In this study, a simple design approach is introduced by direct connection of the multiple resonance (MR) skeleton and chiral (R/S)‐1,1′‐binaphthyl units, obtaining two pairs of chiral MR‐TADF enantiomers (R/S)‐DtCzB‐OBN and (R/S)‐DtCzB‐BN without chiral resolution. These enantiomers exhibit blue‐green emissions with photoluminescence quantum efficiencies of up to 98% in doped films and full‐width at half‐maximum of 22 nm both in toluene and in the device. Furthermore, (R/S)‐DtCzB‐OBN and (R/S)‐DtCzB‐BN display symmetric CPL spectra with dissymmetry factors (gPL) of + 3.86(± 0.317) × 10−4/‐3.37(± 0.317) × 10−4 and + 7.09(± 0.233) × 10−4/‐7.74(± 0.233) × 10−4, respectively. The CP‐OLEDs based on (R/S)‐DtCzB‐OBN and (R/S)‐DtCzB‐BN exhibit impressive maximum external quantum efficiencies of 30.0% and 33.9%, as well as gEL factors of +3.40(± 0.362) × 10−4/‐3.11(± 0.362) × 10−4 and + 7.99(± 0.391) × 10−4/‐8.19(± 0.391) × 10−4, respectively. This research proposes a strategy for directly constructing chiral MR‐TADF materials for high‐performance CP‐OLEDs, avoiding complicated chiral separation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chiral multi‐resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (CP‐MR‐TADF) materials hold promise for circularly polarized organic light‐emitting diodes (CP‐OLEDs) and 3D displays. Herein, we present two pairs of tetraborated intrinsically axial CP‐MR‐TADF materials, R/S‐BDBF‐BOH and R/S‐BDBT‐BOH, with conjugation‐extended bidibenzo[b,d]furan and bidibenzo[b,d]thiophene as chiral sources, which effectively participate in the distribution of the frontier molecular orbitals. Due to the heavy‐atom effect, sulfur atoms are introduced to accelerate the reverse intersystem crossing process and increase the efficiency of molecules. R/S‐BDBF‐BOH and R/S‐BDBT‐BOH manifest ultra‐pure blue emission with a maximum at 458/459 nm with a full width at half maximum of 27 nm, photoluminescence quantum yields of 90 %/91 %, and dissymmetry factors (|gPL|) of 6.8×10−4/8.5×10−4, respectively. Correspondingly, the CP‐OLEDs exhibit good performances with an external quantum efficiency of 30.1 % and |gEL| factors of 1.2×10−3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chiral multi‐resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (CP‐MR‐TADF) materials hold promise for circularly polarized organic light‐emitting diodes (CP‐OLEDs) and 3D displays. Herein, we present two pairs of tetraborated intrinsically axial CP‐MR‐TADF materials, R/S‐BDBF‐BOH and R/S‐BDBT‐BOH, with conjugation‐extended bidibenzo[b,d]furan and bidibenzo[b,d]thiophene as chiral sources, which effectively participate in the distribution of the frontier molecular orbitals. Due to the heavy‐atom effect, sulfur atoms are introduced to accelerate the reverse intersystem crossing process and increase the efficiency of molecules. R/S‐BDBF‐BOH and R/S‐BDBT‐BOH manifest ultra‐pure blue emission with a maximum at 458/459 nm with a full width at half maximum of 27 nm, photoluminescence quantum yields of 90 %/91 %, and dissymmetry factors (|gPL|) of 6.8×10−4/8.5×10−4, respectively. Correspondingly, the CP‐OLEDs exhibit good performances with an external quantum efficiency of 30.1 % and |gEL| factors of 1.2×10−3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Before tracheal intubation, it is essential to provide sufficient oxygen reserve for emergency patients with full stomachs. Recent studies have demonstrated that high-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) effectively pre-oxygenates and prolongs apneic oxygenation during tracheal intubation. Despite its effectiveness, the use of HFNO remains controversial due to concerns regarding carbon dioxide clearance. The air leakage and unknown upper airway obstruction during HFNO therapy cause reduced oxygen flow above the vocal cords, possibly weaken the carbon dioxide clearance. Methods: Patients requiring emergency surgery who had fasted < 8 h and not drunk < 2 h were randomly assigned to the high-flow group, who received 100% oxygen at 30–60 L/min through nasopharyngeal airway (NPA), or the mask group, who received 100% oxygen at 8 L/min. PaO2 and PaCO2 were measured immediately before pre-oxygenation (T0), anesthesia induction (T1), tracheal intubation (T2), and mechanical ventilation (T3). The gastric antrum's cross-sectional area (CSA) was measured using ultrasound technology at T0, T1, and T3. Details of complications, including hypoxemia, reflux, nasopharyngeal bleeding, postoperative pulmonary infection, postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), and postoperative nasopharyngeal pain, were recorded. The primary outcomes were PaCO2 measured at T1, T2, and T3. The secondary outcomes included PaO2 at T1, T2, and T3, CSA at T1 and T3, and complications happened during this trial. Results: Pre-oxygenation was administered by high-flow oxygen through NPA (n = 58) or facemask (n = 57) to 115 patients. The mean (SD) PaCO2 was 32.3 (6.7) mmHg in the high-flow group and 34.6 (5.2) mmHg in the mask group (P = 0.045) at T1, 45.0 (5.5) mmHg and 49.4 (4.6) mmHg (P < 0.001) at T2, and 47.9 (5.1) mmHg and 52.9 (4.6) mmHg (P < 0.001) at T3, respectively. The median ([IQR] [range]) PaO2 in the high-flow and mask groups was 404.5 (329.1–458.1 [159.8–552.9]) mmHg and 358.9 (274.0–413.3 [129.0–539.1]) mmHg (P = 0.007) at T1, 343.0 (251.6–428.7 [73.9–522.1]) mmHg and 258.3 (162.5–347.5 [56.0–481.0]) mmHg (P < 0.001) at T2, and 333.5 (229.9–411.4 [60.5–492.4]) mmHg and 149.8 (87.0–246.6 [51.2–447.5]) mmHg (P < 0.001) at T3, respectively. The CSA in the high-flow and mask groups was 371.9 (287.4–557.9 [129.0–991.2]) mm2 and 386.8 (292.0–537.3 [88.3–1651.7]) mm2 at T1 (P = 0.920) and 452.6 (343.7–618.4 [161.6–988.1]) mm2 and 385.6 (306.3–562.0 [105.5–922.9]) mm2 at T3 (P = 0.173), respectively. The number (proportion) of complications in the high-flow and mask groups is shown below: hypoxemia: 1 (1.7%) vs. 9 (15.8%, P = 0.019); reflux: 0 (0%) vs. 0 (0%); nasopharyngeal bleeding: 1 (1.7%) vs. 0 (0%, P = 1.000); pulmonary infection: 4 (6.9%) vs. 3 (5.3%, P = 1.000); PONV: 4 (6.9%) vs. 4 (7.0%, P = 1.000), and nasopharyngeal pain: 0 (0%) vs. 0 (0%). Conclusions: Compared to facemasks, pre-oxygenation with high-flow oxygen through NPA offers improved carbon dioxide clearance and enhanced oxygenation prior to tracheal intubation in patients undergoing emergency surgery, while the risk of gastric inflation had not been ruled out. Trial registration: This trial was registered prospectively at the Chinese Clinical Research Registry on 26/4/2022 (Registration number: ChiCTR2200059192). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of efficient multi‐resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR‐TADF) materials with ultra‐narrowband emission presents an ongoing challenge. In this work, a carbazole‐fused dual‐boron embedded MR‐TADF framework is proposed, achieving three emitters, CFDBO, CFDBA, and CFDBCz, via one‐shot borylation with very high yields of over 70%. The emitters display ultra‐narrowband blue emission with peaks ranging from 452 to 479 nm and small full width at half maximum (FWHM) values of only 16–18 nm in dilute toluene solutions. Furthermore, the organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) incorporating CFDBO exhibits pure‐blue emission with a peak of 460 nm and Commission International de l'Eclairage coordinates of (0.14, 0.12). Meanwhile, OLEDs incorporating CFDBA/CFDBCz demonstrate remarkable performances with high external quantum efficiencies of 30.9%/32.4% and exceptionally slender FWHM values of 21/22 nm, representing outstanding performances among reported MR‐TADF materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Primary cilia are distributed extensively within the corneal epithelium and endothelium. However, the presence of cilia in the corneal stroma and the dynamic changes and roles of endothelial and stromal cilia in corneal homeostasis remain largely unknown. Here, we present compelling evidence for the presence of primary cilia in the corneal stroma, both in vivo and in vitro. We also demonstrate dynamic changes of both endothelial and stromal cilia during corneal development. In addition, our data show that cryoinjury triggers dramatic cilium formation in the corneal endothelium and stroma. Furthermore, depletion of cilia in mutant mice lacking intraflagellar transport protein 88 compromises the corneal endothelial capacity to establish the effective tissue barrier, leading to an upregulation of α‐smooth muscle actin within the corneal stroma in response to cryoinjury. These observations underscore the essential involvement of corneal endothelial and stromal cilia in maintaining corneal homeostasis and provide an innovative strategy for the treatment of corneal injuries and diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pallet is an important tool in transportation, and its production raw materials show a diversified development trend. In order to design the structure of discarded glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) pallets, a static analysis was performed using ABAQUS. The pallet's structural parameters were used as variables, while the pallet mass and maximum stress were set as optimization objectives. An optimization experiment using DOE with ISIGHT was conducted to obtain a locally optimal solution. The DOE experimental results were fitted using a RBF model to obtain an approximate model. By applying the NSGA-II algorithm, the approximate model can be further optimized to achieve the optimal structure. The results showed that after optimizing through DOE, the pallet's mass increased by 9.2% and maximum stress decreased by 18.2%. Furthermore, after further optimization using the NSGA-II algorithm, the pallet's mass decreased by 1.2% and maximum stress decreased by 15.3%. Optimised design of the pallet structure was achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) plays a critical role in liver fibrosis. However, the molecular basis for HSC activation remains poorly understood. Herein, we demonstrate that primary cilia are present on quiescent HSCs but exhibit a significant loss upon HSC activation which correlates with decreased levels of the ciliary protein intraflagellar transport 88 (IFT88). Ift88-knockout mice are more susceptible to chronic carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis. Mechanistic studies show that the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase for IFT88. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), a profibrotic factor, enhances XIAP-mediated ubiquitination of IFT88, promoting its proteasomal degradation. Blocking XIAP-mediated IFT88 degradation ablates TGF-β-induced HSC activation and liver fibrosis. These findings reveal a previously unrecognized role for ciliary homeostasis in regulating HSC activation and identify the XIAP–IFT88 axis as a potential therapeutic target for liver fibrosis. Synopsis: Profibrotic stimuli disrupt primary cilia on quiescent hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) by inducing XIAP-mediated ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of IFT88. This contributes to HSC activation and liver fibrosis. Primary cilia exist on multiple cell types in the liver, but only cilia present on HSCs disassemble during liver fibrosis. TGF-β enhances XIAP-mediated ubiquitination of IFT88, promoting its proteasomal degradation. Blocking XIAP-mediated IFT88 degradation ablates TGF-β-induced HSC activation. Profibrotic stimuli disrupt primary cilia on quiescent hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) by inducing XIAP-mediated ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of IFT88. This contributes to HSC activation and liver fibrosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the first report of multiple resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) emitters employing a boron/nitrogen framework, a large number of MR-TADF materials have been developed due to the advantages of narrowband emission and high efficiency. In this study, two asymmetric MR-TADF molecules, denoted as Cz-SCz and BCz-SCz, were synthesized through strategic alteration of the π-conjugated carbazole core. Compared with the previously reported MR-TADF emitters incorporating diphenylamine (DABNA-1) and carbazole (Cz-B) units in the para-carbon position of B-substituted phenyl rings, Cz-SCz and BCz-SCz were designed to finely adjust the luminescence by reducing the energy gap between the highest occupied molecular orbital and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital. Cz-SCz and BCz-SCz show sky-blue and pure blue emission with peaks at 472 and 464 nm, respectively, accompanied by impressively narrow full width at half-maximum bands of 28 and 24 nm in toluene solutions. The corresponding doped organic light-emitting diodes exhibit electroluminescence peaking at 476 and 468 nm, and achieve maximum external quantum efficiencies of 16.1% and 20.5%, respectively. Notably, the BCz-SCz based device achieves electroluminescence in the coveted pure blue spectral region, attaining a CIEy coordinate below 0.15. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

O‐GlcNAcylation functions as a cellular nutrient and stress sensor and participates in almost all cellular processes. However, it remains unclear whether O‐GlcNAcylation plays a role in the establishment and maintenance of cell polarity, because mice lacking O‐GlcNAc transferase (OGT) are embryonically lethal. Here, a mild Ogt knockout mouse model is constructed and the important role of O‐GlcNAcylation in establishing and maintaining cell polarity is demonstrated. Ogt knockout leads to severe pulmonary fibrosis and dramatically promotes epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition. Mechanistic studies reveal that OGT interacts with pericentriolar material 1 (PCM1) and centrosomal protein 131 (CEP131), components of centriolar satellites required for anchoring microtubules to the centrosome. These data further show that O‐GlcNAcylation of PCM1 and CEP131 promotes their centrosomal localization through phase separation. Decrease in O‐GlcNAcylation prevents PCM1 and CEP131 from localizing to the centrosome, instead dispersing these proteins throughout the cell and impairing the microtubule‐centrosome interaction to disrupt centrosome positioning and cell polarity. These findings identify a previously unrecognized role for protein O‐GlcNAcylation in establishing and maintaining cell polarity with important implications for the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the size-dependent vibration and buckling behavior of nanoplates described by the nonlocal Kirchhoff model analytically. The nonlocal and local constitutive relations, governing equations and boundary conditions are comprehensively discussed. A shifted governing equation in terms of local stress resultants with associated local boundary conditions is chosen in the current work. The direct separation of variables method is formulated based on the Hamiltonian dual form of the governing differential equation to address the eigenvalue problems of nonlocal rectangular plates with each edge either simply supported or clamped. The closed-form eigen-solutions are acquired for the first time for the cases where two adjacent clamped edges exist. The validity and accuracy of the present approach are verified by comparison with published analytical and numerical results. Parametric studies are performed to investigate the influences of nonlocal parameter and boundary conditions on the size-dependency of natural frequencies and critical buckling loads of nanoplates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary cilium is increasingly recognized as a crucial player in the physiology of biliary epithelial cells (BECs). However, the precise role of primary cilia in the development of age‐related biliary fibrosis remains unclear. Herein, using cilium‐deficient mice, we demonstrate that disruption of ciliary homeostasis in BECs in aged mice leads to significant bile duct proliferation, augmented biliary fibrosis, and heightened indicators of liver injury. Our RNA‐sequencing data revealed a dysregulation in genes associated with various biological processes such as bile secretion, fatty acid metabolism, and inflammation. Loss of primary cilia also significantly enhanced signaling pathways driving the development of biliary fibrosis. Our findings collectively suggest that loss of primary cilia in the BECs of aged mice initiates a cascade of signaling events that contribute to biliary fibrosis, highlighting the primary cilium as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of fibrosing cholangiopathies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are cells mainly present in the bone marrow and capable of forming mature blood cells. However, the epigenetic mechanisms governing the homeostasis of HSPCs remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate an important role for histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) in regulating this process. Our data show that the percentage of HSPCs in Hdac6 knockout mice is lower than in wild‐type mice due to decreased HSPC proliferation. HDAC6 interacts with isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) and deacetylates IDH1 at lysine 233. The deacetylation of IDH1 inhibits its catalytic activity and thereby decreases the 5‐hydroxymethylcytosine level of ten‐eleven translocation 2 (TET2) target genes, changing gene expression patterns to promote the proliferation of HSPCs. These findings uncover a role for HDAC6 and IDH1 in regulating the homeostasis of HSPCs and may have implications for the treatment of hematological diseases. Synopsis: The histone deacetylase HDAC6 maintains HSPC homeostasis by deacetylating IDH1. Hdac6 knockout increases IDH1 activity, thereby elevating the 5hmC level of TET2 target genes, changing gene expression patterns to inhibit the proliferation of HSPCs. Hdac6 knockout decreases the proliferation of HSPCs.HDAC6 deacetylates IDH1 at K233 to inhibit its catalytic activity.HDAC6‐mediated decrease of IDH1 activity reduces 5hmC levels of TET2 target genes that negatively regulate cell proliferation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanoplates have been widely used as elementary components for ultrasensitive and ultrafine resolution applications in the field of nano-electro-mechanical systems because of their potentially remarkable mechanical properties. The accurate analysis of their mechanical behavior is currently of particular interest in the function design and reliability analysis of nano-scaled devices. To examine the size-dependent bending and vibration behavior of nanoplates with curvilinear and irregular shapes, a new p-version curved C1 finite element is formulated in the framework of the nonlocal Kirchhoff plate model. This newly developed element not only enables an accurate geometry representation and easy mesh generation of curvilinear domains but also overcomes the difficulty of imposing C1 conformity required by the nonlocal Kirchhoff plate model, particularly on the curvilinear inter-element boundaries. Numerical examples show that this element can produce an exponential rate of convergence even when curved elements are used in the domain discretization. Vast numerical results are presented for nanoplates with various geometric shapes, including rectangular, circular, elliptic, annular, and sectorial. The high accuracy of the present element is verified by comparing the obtained results with analytical and numerical results in the literature. Additionally, a comprehensive parametric analysis is conducted to investigate the influences of nonlocal parameters, plate dimensions, and boundary conditions on the nonlocal behavior of nanoplates. The present element can be envisaged to allow large-scale mechanical simulations of nanoplates, with a guarantee of accuracy and efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chiral B,N-doped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) and small full-width at half-maxima (FWHM) are promising multiple resonance (MR) emitters for CP organic light-emitting diodes (CP-OLEDs). This work presents a pair of chiral MR enantiomers, P/M-o[B-N]2N2, featuring B-N bonds incorporated within a [7]-helicene skeleton. These enantiomers exhibit narrow 0–0 and 0–1 electronic transition bands, whose relative intensity can be fine-tuned by increasing doping concentrations, resulting in redshifts of the emission peak from 542 to 592 nm. The enantiomers show mirror-symmetric CPL spectra with an asymmetry factor (∣gPL∣) of 1.0 × 10−3. The hyperfluorescent CP-OLEDs with double-sensitized emitting layers display a FWHM of 33 nm, an external quantum efficiency of 25.1%, and a ∣gEL∣ factor of 7.7 × 10−4. Notably, the CP-OLEDs realize color-tunable CP electroluminescence peak from 553 to 613 nm by regulating the vibrational coupling. This work provides a novel concept for the design of helical CP-MR materials and CP-OLEDs, highlighting their potential for future applications in advanced optoelectronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Dexmedetomidine exerts a neuroprotective effect, however, the mechanism underlying this effect remains unclear. This study aimed to explore whether dexmedetomidine can reduce the increase in neurofilament light chain (NfL) protein concentration to play a neuroprotective role during thoracoscopic surgery.Patients and Methods: Patients aged ≥ 60 years undergoing general anesthesia for thoracoscopic surgery were randomly assigned to receive dexmedetomidine (group D) or not receive dexmedetomidine (group C). Patients in group D received a loading dose of dexmedetomidine 0.5 μg/kg before anesthesia induction and a continuous infusion at 0.5 μg·kg− 1·h− 1 until the end of the surgery. Dexmedetomidine was not administered in group C. The primary outcome was the NfL concentration on postoperative day 1. The concentrations of procalcitonin (PCT), serum amyloid A (SAA), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were detected preoperatively and on postoperative day 1. In addition, the numerical rating scale (NRS) and quality of recovery-40 (QoR-40) scores were evaluated.Results: A total of 38 patients in group D and 37 in group C were included in the analysis. No differences were observed between the groups in terms of the plasma concentration of NfL preoperatively and on postoperative day 1 (11.17 [8.86, 13.93] vs 13.15 [10.76, 15.56] pg/mL, P > 0.05; 16.70 [12.23, 21.15] vs 19.48 [15.25, 22.85] pg/mL, P > 0.05, respectively). However, the postoperative plasma NfL concentration was significantly higher than the preoperative value in both groups (both P < 0.001). The groups exhibited no differences in PCT, SAA, hs-CRP, NRS, and QoR-40 (all P > 0.05).Conclusion: Intraoperative administration of dexmedetomidine at a conventional dose does not appear to significantly reduce the increase in postoperative plasma NfL concentration in elderly patients undergoing thoracoscopic surgery. This finding suggests that the neuroprotective effect of dexmedetomidine at a conventional dose was not obvious during general anesthesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The non-receptor tyrosine kinase Src plays a key role in cell division, migration, adhesion, and survival. Src is overactivated in several cancers, where it transmits signals that promote cell survival, mitosis, and other important cancer hallmarks. Src is therefore a promising target in cancer therapy, but the underlying mechanisms are still uncertain. Here we show that Src is highly conserved across different species. Src expression increases during mitosis and is localized to the chromosomal passenger complex. Knockdown or inhibition of Src induces multipolar spindle formation, resulting in abnormal expression of the Aurora B and INCENP components of the chromosomal passenger complex. Molecular mechanism studies have found that Src interacts with and phosphorylates INCENP. This then leads to incorrect chromosome arrangement and segregation, resulting in cell division failure. Herein, Src and chromosomal passenger complex co-localize and Src inhibition impedes mitotic progression by inducing multipolar spindle formation. These findings provide novel insights into the molecular basis for using Src inhibitors to treat cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiple‐resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR‐TADF) emitters with highly planar and rigid skeleton tend toward self‐quenching and spectral broadening caused by strong inter‐chromophore interactions at high doping ratios. Herein, by introducing the sterically hindered unit (N‐phenylcarbazole) at the para‐ and meta‐positions of boron/nitrogen (B/N) framework (p−1‐PCzBN and m−1‐PCzBN), the face‐to‐face steric modulation between the non‐conjugated benzene ring and B/N skeleton is achieved to separate adjacent MR‐TADF skeletons and to suppress self‐quenching and spectral broadening. Consequently, the p−1‐PCzBN and m−1‐PCzBN emitters based organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) show the maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) values of up to 33.6% and 32.6% with full width at half maximum (FWHM) bands of 26 and 30 nm for electroluminescence (EL), respectively. Remarkably, the doped concentration has little effect on the device efficiency and FWHM of the EL, and this phenomenon is seldom reported for OLEDs based on MR‐TADF materials. Even at doping ratio of 30 wt%, the EQEs are still retained to be 28.5% and 25.6% with nearly unchanged electroluminescence spectra. These results manifest an effective strategy for constructing efficient doping concentration independent OLEDs through face‐to‐face steric modulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By inserting a tricoordinate B atom into an indolo[3,2,1-jk]carbazole precursor, an efficient fused multiple resonance-induced thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitter was prepared, which exhibits a narrowband emission and a considerable reverse intersystem crossing rate. The corresponding organic light-emitting diode displays an external quantum efficiency of 27.2% with a suppressed efficiency roll-off. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of this study is to evaluate analgesic efficacy of pericapsular nerve group (PENG) block in patients with intertrochanteric femur fracture (IFF). Methods: This double-blinded randomized controlled trial in patients with IFF scheduled for proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA) between December 2020 and November 2021. The primary outcome was VAS scores during exercising at 6 h after surgery; secondary outcomes were pain during exercising and rest, intraoperative dose of remifentanil, cumulative dose of postoperative fentanyl, postoperative analgesia satisfaction scores, and ratio of quadriceps weakness. Results: A total of 50 patients were randomly divided into PENG block group (n = 25) or fascia iliaca compartment block (FICB) group (n = 25). Exercising VAS scores at 6 h after surgery were significantly lower in PENG block group than that in FICB group (2 (2, 4) vs. 6 (4, 7), P < 0.001). The intraoperative dose of remifentanil and cumulative dose of postoperative fentanyl by patient-controlled intravenous analgesia within 24 h after surgery in PENG block group were significantly lower than in FICB group (both P < 0.001). Postoperative analgesia satisfaction scores in PENG block group were significantly higher than those in FICB group (P = 0.016). The ratio of quadriceps weakness at 6 h after surgery was significantly higher in FICB group than PENG block group (48% vs. 0%, P < 0.001). Conclusions: Compared to FICB, ultrasound-guided PENG block may provide better postoperative pain relief in patients with IFF, with less pronounced quadriceps weakness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, we report two multiple‐resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters (VTCzBN and TCz‐VTCzBN) based on indolo[3,2,1‐jk]carbazole unit and boron‐nitrogen skeletons, whose emissions peaking at 496 and 521 nm with full width at half maximum of 34 and 29 nm, respectively. Meanwhile, fast rate constants of reverse intersystem crossing of above 106 s−1 are obtained due to small singlet‐triplet energy gaps and large spin‐orbital coupling values. Notably, planar molecular structures along the transition dipole moment direction endow them with high horizontal emitting dipole ratios of up to 94 %. Consequently, the corresponding organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) show the maximum external quantum efficiencies of 31.7 % and 32.2 %, respectively. Particularly, OLED with TCz‐VTCzBN display ultra‐pure green emission with Commission Internationale de l′Eclairage coordinates of (0.22, 0.71), consistent with the green display standard of the National Television System Committee. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, we report two multiple‐resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters (VTCzBN and TCz‐VTCzBN) based on indolo[3,2,1‐jk]carbazole unit and boron‐nitrogen skeletons, whose emissions peaking at 496 and 521 nm with full width at half maximum of 34 and 29 nm, respectively. Meanwhile, fast rate constants of reverse intersystem crossing of above 106 s−1 are obtained due to small singlet‐triplet energy gaps and large spin‐orbital coupling values. Notably, planar molecular structures along the transition dipole moment direction endow them with high horizontal emitting dipole ratios of up to 94 %. Consequently, the corresponding organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) show the maximum external quantum efficiencies of 31.7 % and 32.2 %, respectively. Particularly, OLED with TCz‐VTCzBN display ultra‐pure green emission with Commission Internationale de l′Eclairage coordinates of (0.22, 0.71), consistent with the green display standard of the National Television System Committee. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of boron/nitrogen‐based polycyclic heteroaromatic emitters with multiple‐resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR‐TADF) property can efficiently promote the advancement of high‐efficiency organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) with narrowband emission. Herein, a simple strategy to achieve four ternary boron/nitrogen‐based polycyclic heteroaromatic emitters (SBON, SBSN, DBON, and DBSN) from pure blue (463 nm) to yellow (553 nm) via tuning the coordination between B/N and heteroatom (O or S) is demonstrated, aiming to increase charge transfer delocalization of the polycyclic heteroaromatic emitters and adjust photo‐physical properties. This strategy endows the four emitters with full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 24, 27, 20, and 28 nm, respectively. Additionally, double‐boron type green and yellow narrowband emitters (DBON and DBSN) possess 98% photoluminescence efficiencies in doped films. Besides, considerable rate constants of reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) are achieved because of the small singlet–triplet excited state energy gap and large spin–orbit coupling values. Consequently, the OLEDs covering from blue to yellow based on these emitters show the maximum external quantum efficiency of 13.7%, 17.6%, 26.7%, and 21.8%, respectively, with low‐efficiency roll‐off. These results provide a feasible design strategy to construct boron/nitrogen‐based polycyclic heteroaromatic MR‐TADF emitters for efficient OLEDs with color‐tuning electroluminescence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highly efficient multi-resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) emitters with narrowband emissions based on a boron/nitrogen (B/N) framework are crucial for next-generation full-color displays with high color purity. In this work, we develop a simple molecular design strategy for MR-TADF materials based on a skeleton of phenoxazine units and amplification at the para-position of the boron atom by different electron-donating groups (phenoxazine/tert-butylcarbazole). Two novel phenoxazine-fused MR-TADF materials, TPXZBN and DPXZCZBN, show green emissions with sharp peaks at 502 nm and 500 nm, with small full-width at half maximum (FWHM) bandwidths of 33 nm and 32 nm, respectively. TPXZBN and DPXZCZBN also exhibit small singlet–triplet state energy gaps (ΔEsts) of 0.16 eV and 0.13 eV, with high photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) of 91% and 90% in toluene solutions, and 99% and 94% in doped films, respectively. The corresponding organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on TPXZBN and DPXZCZBN exhibited maximum external quantum efficiencies (EQEmaxs) of 21.3% and 19.8%, respectively, accompanied by small efficiency roll-offs, with EQEs of 17.2% and 18.8% at 100 cd m−2, and 17.4% and 19.6% at 1000 cd m−2, respectively. Notably, the small electroluminescence FWHMs of the OLEDs still remained at 37 nm and 36 nm, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bone cancer pain (BCP) is a clinical pathology that urgently needs to be solved, but research on the mechanism of BCP has so far achieved limited success. Nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NFE2)‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) has been shown to be involved in pain, but its involvement in BCP and the specific mechanism have yet to be examined. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that BCP induces the transfer of Nrf2 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and further promotes nuclear transcription to activate heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) and inhibit the activation of nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) signalling, ultimately regulating the neuroinflammatory response. Von‐Frey was used for behavioural analysis in rats with BCP, whereas western blotting, real‐time quantitative PCR (RT‐PCR) and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to detect molecular expression changes, and immunofluorescence was used to detect cellular localization. We demonstrated that BCP induced increased Nrf2 nuclear protein expression with decreased cytoplasmic protein expression in the spinal cord. Further increases in Nrf2 nuclear protein expression can alleviate hyperalgesia and activate HO‐1 to inhibit the expression of NF‐κB nuclear protein and inflammatory factors. Strikingly, intrathecal administration of the corresponding siRNA reversed the above effects. In addition, the results of double immune labelling revealed that Nrf2 and NF‐κB were coexpressed in spinal cord neurons of rats with BCP. In summary, these findings suggest that the entry of Nrf2 into the nucleus promotes the expression of HO‐1, inhibiting activation of the NF‐κB signalling pathway, reducing neuroinflammation and ultimately exerting an anti‐nociceptive effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hepatic steatosis is a big hurdle to treat type 2 diabetes (T2D). Fasting-mimicking diet (FMD) has been shown to be an effective intervention in dyslipidemia of T2D. However, fasting may impair the normal glucose metabolism. Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell (UC-MSC) transplantation has been discovered to regulate immune reactions and reduce hyperglycemia in diabetes. However, the effect of UC-MSCs on improving the lipid metabolism disorder is not quite satisfactory. We have investigated the efficacy comparison and interaction between FMD and UC-MSC infusion, aiming to establish effective T2D therapies and explore its mechanism. Methods: C57/BL6 mice were fed with high-fat diet (HFD) to induce a diet-induced obese (DIO) mouse model. Leptin receptor-deficient (db/db) mice were used for follow-up experiments. DIO or db/db mice were divided into 4 groups: phosphate buffer saline (PBS), UC-MSCs, FMD, and UC-MSCs + FMD. At the end of the study period, mice were fasted and sacrificed, with the measurement of physiological and biochemical indexes. In addition, the fresh liver, skin, and white adipose tissue were analyzed by histology. Results: FMD restored the lipid metabolism in DIO mice, whereas its capacity to rescue hyperglycemia was uncertain. Infusion of UC-MSCs was effective in T2D glycemic control but the impact on dyslipidemia was insufficient. Furthermore, both the glucose and the lipid alterations of DIO and db/db mice recovered after UC-MSCs combined with FMD. It was proved that UC-MSCs promoted FMD effects on ameliorating hyperglycemia and restoring the lipid metabolism in T2D mice, while FMD had little promotion effect on UC-MSCs. Mechanistically, we discovered that UC-MSC infusion significantly modulated systematic inflammatory microenvironment, which contributed to concerted actions with FMD. Conclusions: We established a strategy that combined UC-MSC infusion and FMD and was effective in treating T2D, which provided potential approaches for developing novel clinical T2D therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Impaired exercise following Fontan is a surrogate of morbidity. Single-center longitudinal data exist, but there is a lack of contemporary multi-center data. Ramp cycle ergometry was re-performed in consented participants who had originally participated in the Pediatric Heart Network's Fontan cross-sectional study. Annualized change was evaluated at maximal and submaximal exercise. Associations between these outcomes and patient characteristics were analyzed. There were 336 participants in Fontan 3, mean age 23.2 years. Paired measurements of peak oxygen consumption (peak VO2) were available for 95; peak exercise data at Fontan 3 were available for 275. Percent-predicted peak VO2 declined by 0.8 ± 1.7% per year (p < 0.001). At Fontan 3, the lowest performing peak VO2 tertile had the highest rate of overweight and obesity (p < 0.001). Female gender was more prevalent in the highest performing tertile (p = 0.004). Paired data at the ventilatory anaerobic threshold (VO2 at VAT) were available for 196; VAT data at Fontan 3 were available for 311. Percent-predicted VO2 at VAT decreased by 0.8 ± 2.6% per year (p < 0.001). At Fontan 3, VO2 at VAT was better preserved than peak VO2 across all tertiles, with higher rates of overweight and obesity in the lower performing group (p = 0.001). Female gender (p < 0.001) and left ventricular morphology (p = 0.03) were associated with better performance. Submaximal exercise is better preserved than maximal in the Fontan population, but declined at the same rate over the study period. The overall longitudinal rate of decline in exercise performance is slower than what has been described previously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anhedonia and amotivation, the hallmarks of negative symptoms in schizophrenia, are believed to be due to "emotion–behavior decoupling," a failure in translating pleasure experience into appropriate goal‐directed behavior. A number of studies have reported that long‐term institutionalized schizophrenia patients suffer from more severe negative symptoms than community‐dwelling patients, but few studies have investigated pleasure experience and motivational behavior in schizophrenia patients who have experienced long‐term institutionalization. In this study, we recruited 26 long‐term institutionalized schizophrenia patients, 27 community‐dwelling schizophrenia patients, and 27 healthy controls. Participants were administered two specific computer‐based tasks to assess anhedonia and amotivation. The Anticipatory and Consummatory Pleasure (ACP) Task was used to measure emotion–behavior decoupling and the Effort‐Expenditure for Rewards Task (EEfRT) was used to measure amotivation related to rewards. Findings from the ACP Task showed that compared with healthy controls, the coupling between emotion experience and motivated behavior was significantly weaker in both clinical groups, suggesting that emotion–behavior decoupling could be a stable trait in schizophrenia patients. In the EEfRT, compared with both community‐dwelling patients and healthy controls, institutionalized patients with schizophrenia failed to expend more effort to gain potential rewards even when reward probability increased. These findings further reveal the underlying mechanism of anhedonia and amotivation and their potential relationships with long‐term institutionalization in patients with schizophrenia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Treatment of cancer-induced bone pain (CIBP) is challenging in clinical settings. Oxycodone (OXY) is used to treat CIBP; however, a lack of understanding of the mechanisms underlying CIBP limits the application of OXY. In the present study, all rats were randomly divided into three groups: The sham group, the CIBP group, and the OXY group. Then, a rat model of CIBP was established by inoculation of Walker 256 tumor cells from rat tibia. Phosphoproteomic profiling of the OXY-treated spinal dorsal cords of rats with CIBP was performed, and 1,679 phosphorylated proteins were identified, of which 160 proteins were significantly different between the CIBP and sham groups, and 113 proteins were significantly different between the CIBP and OXY groups. Gene Ontology analysis revealed that these proteins mainly clustered as synaptic-associated cellular components; among these, disks large homolog 3 expression was markedly increased in rats with CIBP and was reversed by OXY treatment. Subsequent domain analysis of the differential proteins revealed several significant synaptic-associated domains. In conclusion, synaptic-associated cellular components may be critical in OXY-induced analgesia in rats with CIBP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel process was developed for encapsulation of astaxanthin from Phaffia rhodozyma. The yeast cells were disrupted by glass beads and the high shearing force partially emulsified the astaxanthin in aqueous phase. The enzymolysis method was then adopted to prepare the yeast extract for a full use of the cells. The gelatin and porous starch were used to microencapsulate the emulsified astaxanthin. Under optimized conditions, the recovery of amino nitrogen and solid reached 3.68 ± 0.32% and 49.22 ± 2.34%, respectively. The microencapsulation conditions were optimized through orthogonal experiment and the encapsulation efficiency, loading astaxanthin, and amino-nitrogen reached 88.56%, 1.55 mg/g, and 1.35 ± 0.14%, respectively. The water solubility of microcapsules reached 81.5 ± 0.35%. Color and storage stability analysis showed that microencapsulation of astaxanthin possessed higher thermal stability. The results demonstrated that the established process was effective and practical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The existence of two periodic solutions of the Riccati’s equation when the coefficients are ω-periodic and have different signs is obtained. One of these solutions is unstable on R and the other one is attractive on some region. Finally, an example is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Depression is one of the most frequent psychiatric symptoms observed in people during the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We hypothesized that genetic factors conferring risk of depression might affect AD development. In this study, we screened 31 genes, which were located in 19 risk loci for major depressive disorder (MDD) identified by two recent large genome-wide association studies (GWAS), in AD patients at the genomic and transcriptomic levels. Association analysis of common variants was performed by using summary statistics of the International Genomics of Alzheimer's Project (IGAP), and association analysis of rare variants was conducted by sequencing the entire coding region of the 31 MDD risk genes in 107 Han Chinese patients with early-onset and/or familial AD. We also quantified the mRNA expression alterations of these MDD risk genes in brain tissues of AD patients and AD mouse models, followed by protein-protein interaction network prediction to show their potential effects in AD pathways. We found that common and rare variants of L3MBTL2 were significantly associated with AD. mRNA expression levels of 18 MDD risk genes, in particular SORCS3 and OAT, were differentially expressed in AD brain tissues. 13 MDD risk genes were predicted to physically interact with core AD genes. The involvement of HACE1, NEGR1, and SLC6A15 in AD was supported by convergent lines of evidence. Taken together, our results showed that MDD risk genes might play an active role in AD pathology and supported the notion that depression might be the "common cold" of psychiatry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Streptococcus suis serotype 2 is an important swine pathogen and an emerging zoonotic agent that causes severe infections. Recent studies have reported a eukaryotic-like Ser/Thr protein kinase (STK) gene and characterized its role in the growth and virulence of different S. suis 2 strains. In the present study, phosphoproteomic analysis was adopted to identify substrates of the STK protein. Seven proteins that were annotated to participate in different cell processes were identified as potential substrates, which suggests the pleiotropic effects of stk on S. suis 2 by targeting multiple pathways. Among them, a protein characterized as cell division initiation protein (DivIVA) was further investigated. In vitro analysis demonstrated that the recombinant STK protein directly phosphorylates threonine at amino acid position 199 (Thr-199) of DivIVA. This effect could be completely abolished by the T199A mutation. To determine the specific role of DivIVA in growth and division, a divIVA mutant was constructed. The 1divIVA strain exhibited impaired growth and division, including lower viability, enlarged cell mass, asymmetrical division caused by aberrant septum, and extremely weak pathogenicity in a mouse infection model. Collectively, our results reveal that STK regulates the cell growth and virulence of S. suis 2 by targeting substrates that are involved in different biological pathways. The inactivation of DivIVA leads to severe defects in cell division and strongly attenuates pathogenicity, thereby indicating its potential as a molecular drug target against S. suis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mansouramycins are newly isolated cytotoxic isoquinoline quinones from marine organism. To find novel anticancer agents, eighteen isoquinoline quinones 7a- 7r as Mansouramycins analogs were designed and synthesized. Most of these compounds displayed moderate cytotoxicities against MCF-7, A549, HCT116, and HepG2 cancer cell lines at micromolar concentration. Compound 7a was found to has the ability of inducing HepG2 cells apoptosis by Hoechst33342 staining assay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With increasing penetration of renewable energy sources into modern power systems, multiparallel inverters are commonly employed in the interface to the utility grid, giving rise to potential resonance problems. In order to better understand the issue, resonance of multiparallel inverters is analyzed under an asynchronous carrier. First, multiparallel inverter equivalent circuits are modeled within a controlled bandwidth. In order to investigate resonance characteristics under an asynchronous carrier, a crossover filter function is used to separate output currents of different frequencies for a two-parallel inverter to analyze the output current frequency response. With this approach, resonance characteristics are focused under asynchronous conditions, and the impact of shifting LCL parameters on resonance is examined. The influence of paralleled inverter number on output currents is examined, and the analysis is expanded to multiparallel inverter systems to determine the resonance characteristics. Experimental results validate the developed models and the proposed resonance characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The modulation strategy LMZVM (large, middle, and zero vector modulation) can be widely adopted in the three-level 7 photovoltaic (PV) inverter, because it reduces the ground current and produces little neutral-point (NP) voltage in normal operation. However, in low-voltage ride-through (LVRT) operation, the NP voltage fluctuation becomes large and has not been researched nowadays. In this paper, according to this problem, four critical weighing factors about the NP voltage based on symmetrical component method are proposed. We can see that the maximum peak-to-peak value among all dip types happens when the single-phase grid voltage dips to 0. Then, an original balancing strategy, which replaces the zero vector with two opposite P-type or N-type small vectors of equal duty cycle, is put forward. Experimental results are provided to validate that the proposed strategy can reduce the NP voltage fluctuation in LVRT operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Common heuristic search-based multi-peak maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms, such as a particle swarm optimizer and a perturb, observe, and check algorithm, can find the global maximum power point (GMPP) of a multi-peak photovoltaic (PV) characteristic curve and improve the efficiency under partial shading situation. However, these methods have issues, including sharp fluctuations, poor dynamic performance, and low efficiency, under unstable environments and the EN50530 process. As a result, they are rarely used in practice. A novel dynamic multi-peak MPPT algorithm based on improved power loop is proposed in this paper. The algorithm provides a practical approach maintaining advantages of other algorithms, while providing multiple modes such as tracking, scanning, and optimizing in order to reduce the number of reboot and achieve smooth tracking. This method can not only determine the GMPP of multi-peak characteristic, but also provides superior dynamic performance. Experiments have proved that the algorithm have a better performance in the EN50530 test and a high efficiency. The feasibility of the proposed method is verified in a laboratory and a rooftop PV power station. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The title compound, [Cu(C7H3NO4)(C5H6N2)(C3H7NO]n, is an amino-function-alized chiral metal--organic framework with (10,3)-a topology. It has been constructed via the assembly of the achiral triconnected pyridine-3,5-di¬carboxyl¬ate (3,5-PDC) building block and a triconnected CuII atom. Each CuII ion is coordinated by two O atoms and one N atom, respectively, of three crystallographically independent 3,5-PDC ligands. The square-pyramidal (CuN2O3) coordination geometry of the CuII ion is completed by an N atom of a terminal 4-amino¬pyridine (4-APY) ligand and the O atom of a terminal N,N-di¬methyl¬formamide (DMF) ligand to give a triconnected 'T'-shaped secondary building unit, which becomes trigonal in the resulting (10,3)-a topology. In the three-dimensional structure, weak N--H⋯O hydrogen bonds are observed in which the donor N--H groups are provided by the 4-APY ligands and the acceptor O atoms are provided by the non-coordinating carboxylate O atoms of the 3,5-PDC ligands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zhatai gully is a typical debris flow channel in Butuo county of Sichuan province, southwestern China. The geomorphologic features are analyzed and the physical-dynamic characteristics are discussed on the basis of field investigation and laboratory tests. Geomorphologic analysis indicates that Zhatai-gully drainage in relation to debris flow can be divided into source area, transport area, and deposition area. The source area has a steep slope and has very limited vegetation cover, which favors runoff, allowing loose solid materials to be mobilized easily and rapidly. In the transport area, there are many small landslides, lateral lobes, and loose materials distributed on both banks. These landslides are active and constantly providing abundant source of soils for the debris flows. In the deposition area, three old debris-flow deposits of different ages can be observed. The dynamic calculation shows that within the recurrence intervals of 50 and 100 years, debris flow discharges are 155.77m/s and 1y8.19m/s and deposition volumes are 16.39 x 10 m and 18.14 x 10 m, respectively. The depositional fan of an old debris flow in the outlet of the gully can be subdivided into six layers. There are three debris flow deposits on left and two on the right side of the gully. Grain-size tests of sediments from the soil, gulley bed deposits, and the fresh and old debris flow deposits showed that high amounts of clay and fine gravel were derived from the soil in the source area whereas much of the gravel fraction were sourced from the gully bed deposits. Comprehensive analysis indicates that Zhatai gully is viscous debris-flow gully with moderate to high frequency and moderate to large magnitude debris flows. The risk of a debris flow disaster in Zhatai-gully is moderate and poses a potential threat to the planned hydroelectric dam. Appropriate engineering measures are suggested in the construction and protection of the planned hydroelectric station. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Debris flows usually occur abruptly and rapidly in mountainous areas and it is difficult to observe their occurrence progress. Therefore, an experiment has become an important method to study debris flow initiation mechanism in recent years. In this paper, taking Xiongjia Gully in SW China as an example and on the basis of artificial rainfall experiment, the author has studied the initiation of gully-type debris flow. Experiment results indicate some relation between rainfall intensity and gully erosion, failure mode of soil mass, initiation mechanism and characteristics of debris flow. Based on several groups of experiments, conclusions were drawn as follows: (1) Under strong precipitation, the infiltration rate and soil water content in different depths are inversely proportional to the rainfall intensity. Intense rainfall favors the overland flow, gully runoff and erosion, but is not conducive to water infiltration. (2) Slope failure modes and initiation mechanism of debris flow vary with different rainfall and runoff conditions. Under the condition with the rainfall intensity of 55 mm/h, the slope failure mode presents a soil liquefaction and landslide. Accordingly, the debris flow initiation mechanism belongs to landslide transformation. However, under the condition of intense rainfall and runoff, gully beds are easy to be eroded and slopes are prone to collapse. Then, debris flows occurred with initiation mechanism of entrainment. (3) In terms of debris flow characteristics, the debris flow occurrence process consists of several intermittent flows. In addition, the debris flow magnitude and flow viscosity are not consistent with rainfall intensity. On the contrary, under condition of intense rainfall of 65 and 75 mm/h, debris flows tend to be watery. However, under the rainfall condition of 55 mm/h, the flow viscosity is higher. The experiment results are consistent well with the natural debris flow occurrence from Xioangjia Gully. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Excessive cytokine inflammatory response due to chronic or superphysiological level of microbial infection during pregnancy leads to pregnancy complications such as early pregnancy defects/loss and preterm birth. Bacterial toxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS), long recognized as a potent proinflammatory mediator, has been identified as a risk factor for pregnancy complications. Alkaline phosphatase (AP) isozymes have been shown to detoxify LPS by dephosphorylation. In this study, we examined the role of alkaline phosphatase (AP) in mitigating LPS-induced early pregnancy complications in mice. We found that 1) the uterus prior to implantation and implantation sites following embryo implantation produce LPS recognition and dephosphorylation molecules TLR4 and tissue non-specific AP (TNAP) isozyme, respectively; 2) uterine TNAP isozyme dephosphorylates LPS at its sites of production; 3) while LPS administration following embryo implantation elicits proinflammatory cytokine mRNA levels at the embryo implantation sites (EISs) and causes early pregnancy loss, dephosphorylated LPS neither triggers proinflammatory cytokine mRNA levels at the EISs nor induces pregnancy complications; 4) AP isozyme supplementation to accelerate LPS detoxification attenuates LPS-induced pregnancy complications following embryo implantation. These findings suggest that a LPS dephosphorylation strategy using AP isozyme may have a unique therapeutic potential to mitigate LPS- or Gram-negative bacteria-induced pregnancy complications in at-risk women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: During tumor formation and expansion, increasing glucose metabolism is necessary for unrestricted growth of tumor cells. Expression of key glycolytic enzyme alpha-enolase (ENO1) is controversial and its modulatory mechanisms are still unclear in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: The expression of ENO1 was examined in NSCLC and non-cancerous lung tissues, NSCLC cell lines, and immortalized human bronchial epithelial cell (HBE) by quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR), immunohistochemistry, and Western blot, respectively. The effects and modulatory mechanisms of ENO1 on cell glycolysis, growth, migration, invasion, and in vivo tumorigenesis and metastasis in nude mice were also analyzed. Results: ENO1 expression was increased in NSCLC tissues in comparison to non-cancerous lung tissues. Similarly, NSCLC cell lines A549 and SPCA-1 also express higher ENO1 than HBE cell line in both mRNA and protein levels. Overexpressed ENO1 significantly elevated NSCLC cell glycolysis, proliferation, clone formation, migration, and invasion in vitro, as well as tumorigenesis and metastasis in vivo by regulating the expression of glycolysis, cell cycle, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated genes. Conversely, ENO1 knockdown reversed these effects. More importantly, our further study revealed that stably upregulated ENO1 activated FAK/PI3K/AKT and its downstream signals to regulate the glycolysis, cell cycle, and EMT-associated genes. Conclusion: This study showed that ENO1 is responsible for NSCLC proliferation and metastasis; thus, ENO1 might serve as a potential molecular therapeutic target for NSCLC treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]