44 results on '"Ndiaye, Malick"'
Search Results
2. Benchmarking Sweden's Digitalization Transformation Strategy—Is It a Good Fit for the UAE?
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Al Khatib, Inas, Chembakath, Junu Jahana, and Ndiaye, Malick
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MEDICAL quality control ,HEALTH information technology ,HEALTH information systems ,HEALTH facilities ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations - Abstract
Background: The ongoing revolution in health care, driven by wearable technology, virtual reality, and the Internet of Things, is reshaping both health care operations and our daily lives. This digital transformation ensures broader access to health care options, fosters patient-centered care and affects both health care institutions and individuals. In Sweden, health care is undergoing a digital shift, with initiatives like personal health management, remote monitoring, and virtual care enhancing patient involvement. This article reviews Sweden's health care digital transformation and compares it with the United Arab Emirates (UAE's) initiatives to assess viability. Methods: Using systematic literature review methods, databases from 2011 to 2023 were searched, supplemented by reference lists. Results: Database searches identified 761 records. A total of 480 articles were screened on basis of title and abstract, yielding 184 that were assessed for eligibility, leading to 40 academic studies to be included and 12 grey literature. Conclusions: The findings highlight Sweden's success in empowering patients through enhanced connectivity with clinical teams, knowledge sharing, and care management. However, due to contextual differences, the UAE should not blindly replicate Sweden's strategy. In conclusion, Sweden's efforts have positively engaged patients in health care, but challenges such as emerging technologies, demographic shifts, and budget constraints persist. Proactive planning and adaptation are crucial, with lessons applicable to the UAE market. Establishing a clear regulatory framework for digital care is imperative for future resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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3. The truck–drone routing optimization problem: mathematical model and a VNS approach.
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Ndiaye, Malick, Osman, Ahmed, Salhi, Said, and Madani, Batool
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A combined Truck–drone system that delivers packages from a warehouse to multiple customers is investigated. The truck movements are restricted to the potential stops from which the drone with limited capacity takes off or lands. The aim is to determine both the best or 'optimal' sequence of the drone delivery trips and the best or 'optimal' trucks stops that will minimize the total combined truck drone delivery cost. This is an innovative delivery process which also falls under the umbrella of last mile delivery which is known to be one of the most challenging activities within logistics. The problem is first formulated as a 0–1 Linear programming model. A Variable Neighborhood Search (VNS) algorithm is then designed. The proposed metaheuristic is assessed on test problems from the online TSP library. A sensitivity analysis which examines the effect of a neighborhood removal, and the neighborhood sequencing is carried out. The metaheuristic has also shown to be reliable when tested against our mathematical model using the commercial optimizer CPLEX. Interesting overall results are discovered which demonstrate the robustness of the proposed VNS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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4. Traveling salesman problem with a moving depot: A mathematical formulation and a saving-based algorithm.
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Madani, Batool and Ndiaye, Malick
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TRAVELING salesman problem ,DELIVERY of goods ,DRONE aircraft delivery ,VEHICLE routing problem ,OPERATING costs ,TRUCK stops ,AUTONOMOUS vehicles - Abstract
The increase in the use of e-commerce has raised the pressure on logistics providers to resolve the problem of Last Mile Delivery, that is complex and generates high operational costs. The introduction of autonomous vehicles in designing novel distribution systems brings new opportunities for enhancing the existing delivery systems. Logistics providers suggest the inclusion of drones in delivery processes such as truck-drone systems. Therefore, we introduce a single truck and single drone delivery system and solve its related routing problem. In specific, the objective is to minimize the traveling cost of the combined delivery system while determining the optimal sequence of deliveries and optimizing the truck's stops to release and collect the drone. Saving-based heuristics are then provided to solve instances of practical sizes for the problem under consideration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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5. Integrated blockchain systems are paving the way to SMART logistics.
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Khatib, Inas Al, Ahmed, Vian, and Ndiaye, Malick
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INFORMATION technology ,BLOCKCHAINS ,LOGISTICS ,SUPPLY chains ,GOVERNMENT agencies ,FREIGHT forwarders - Abstract
Blockchain has numerous benefits essential to supply chain such as having independent validity and authorization proofs of every transaction for more transparency, immutability, trust and expedited processing. Not leveraging this technology in the UAE cold food logistics does not allow for SMART operation and elimination of current waste. The aim of this research paper is to investigate the challenges faced in the UAE's cold food logistics field, identify the factors that contribute to forming those challenges and outline how blockchain technology-based 'intelligent' systems resolve inefficiency costs caused by delays, cancellations, double spending and disputes. Logistics service clientele and Logistical operators (domestic and global), academic and research scholars, information technology vendors and specialists, governments, regulatory bodies, customs, ports, custom clearance service providers, health, safety and quality professionals will directly benefit from this research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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6. Challenges of Healthcare Operations Management: A Literature Review.
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Al Khatib, Inas, Shamayleh, Abdulrahim, and Ndiaye, Malick
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MEDICAL care ,OPERATIONS management ,LITERATURE reviews ,RESOURCE allocation ,COST control - Abstract
This study explores healthcare operations management core challenges, a literature review was conducted by reading numerous secondary data sources, including government papers, industry reports, and scholarly literature. The findings were ten key challenges that are typically encountered by stakeholders in healthcare operations management. Those are resource allocation, cost control, patient flow and waiting times, data management and technology integration, regulatory compliance and quality assurance, staffing and workforce management, supply chain management, patient engagement and satisfaction, emergency preparedness and disaster management, encouraging a culture of innovation and continuous improvement. The results provide a significant contribution to the body of information already in existence by illuminating the recognized difficulties highlighting their complexities if not mitigated. The research question that this study aims to answer is "what is the most critical challenge faced in healthcare operations management", based on the outcomes of the research, the relative weight of each challenge might change depending on the particular objectives and difficulties that a healthcare organization faces. Making it critical for them to take a balanced strategy that takes these aspects' interactions into account. In hospital operations management, a holistic approach that incorporates these variables is frequently the most successful technique. Prioritizing one area above others may not result in ideal outcomes thus, no one challenge can be considered more critical than the other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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7. Challenges of Healthcare Operations Management: A Literature Review.
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Al Khatib, Inas, Shamayleh, Abdulrahim, and Ndiaye, Malick
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MEDICAL care ,OPERATIONS management ,RESOURCE allocation ,MEDICAL care wait times ,COST control - Abstract
This study explores healthcare operations management core challenges, a literature review was conducted by reading numerous secondary data sources, including government papers, industry reports, and scholarly literature. The findings were ten key challenges that are typically encountered by stakeholders in healthcare operations management. Those are resource allocation, cost control, patient flow and waiting times, data management and technology integration, regulatory compliance and quality assurance, staffing and workforce management, supply chain management, patient engagement and satisfaction, emergency preparedness and disaster management, encouraging a culture of innovation and continuous improvement. The results provide a significant contribution to the body of information already in existence by illuminating the recognized difficulties highlighting their complexities if not mitigated. The research question that this study aims to answer is “what is the most critical challenge faced in healthcare operations management”, based on the outcomes of the research, the relative weight of each challenge might change depending on the particular objectives and difficulties that a healthcare organization faces. Making it critical for them to take a balanced strategy that takes these aspects' interactions into account. In hospital operations management, a holistic approach that incorporates these variables is frequently the most successful technique. Prioritizing one area above others may not result in ideal outcomes thus, no one challenge can be considered more critical than the other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Challenges of Healthcare Operations Management: A Literature Review.
- Author
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Al Khatib, Inas, Shamayleh, Abdulrahim, and Ndiaye, Malick
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HEALTH care industry ,EMERGENCY management ,STAKEHOLDERS ,QUALITY assurance ,DATA analysis - Abstract
This study explores healthcare operations management core challenges, a literature review was conducted by reading numerous secondary data sources, including government papers, industry reports, and scholarly literature. The findings were ten key challenges that are typically encountered by stakeholders in healthcare operations management. Those are resource allocation, cost control, patient flow and waiting times, data management and technology integration, regulatory compliance and quality assurance, staffing and workforce management, supply chain management, patient engagement and satisfaction, emergency preparedness and disaster management, encouraging a culture of innovation and continuous improvement. The results provide a significant contribution to the body of information already in existence by illuminating the recognized difficulties highlighting their complexities if not mitigated. The research question that this study aims to answer is "what is the most critical challenge faced in healthcare operations management", based on the outcomes of the research, the relative weight of each challenge might change depending on the particular objectives and difficulties that a healthcare organization faces. Making it critical for them to take a balanced strategy that takes these aspects' interactions into account. In hospital operations management, a holistic approach that incorporates these variables is frequently the most successful technique. Prioritizing one area above others may not result in ideal outcomes thus, no one challenge can be considered more critical than the other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
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9. Highway Transportation, Health, and Social Equity: A Delphi-ANP Approach to Sustainable Transport Planning.
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Almashhour, Raghad, AlQahtani, Mohamed, and Ndiaye, Malick
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It has become standard practice for governments and transportation engineers around the world to infuse sustainability principles into their plans as higher-level goals and priorities, with indicators to reflect the same. The transformation towards sustainable mobility should involve the three interconnected pillars of sustainable development: environment, social equity, and economy. These pillars, known in the business field as the 'triple-bottom-line', require specific indicators that can be used to measure the attainment of each pillar. There is evidence that the social equity impacts of construction projects, such as transport projects, and their distributional effects across various segments of society have traditionally been viewed as secondary or subsidiary concerns relative to their economic and environmental impacts. Recognizing the relative relegation in both academic and policy circles of social impacts and the 'weak' tools to identify such impacts, this research aims to employ a hybrid decision method based on the analytic network process and Delphi method to identify the major adverse impacts of highway automobiles on health and social equity in the UAE. In doing so, governments will be better positioned to mitigate adverse impacts through engineering, urban planning, technological, and other appropriate initiatives. Throughout the Delphi process, 15 health and social equity indicators have been validated by experts in the field of sustainability and transportation through an iterative process. Then, experts in the same field were chosen to develop and validate the ANP model based on the validated indicators through pairwise comparison questionnaires. The results and findings revealed that the experts' judgment preferences are consistent (inconsistency value less than 0.1), wherein the highest priority is the 'Safety' indicator, and the lowest priority is the 'Public participation in transport decision' indicator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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10. Pneumonia, Meningitis, and Septicemia in Adults and Older Children in Rural Gambia: 8 Years of Population-Based Surveillance.
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Green, Edward W, Ndiaye, Malick, Hossain, Ilias M, Olatunji, Yekini A, Sahito, Shah M, Salaudeen, Rasheed, Badji, Henry, Manjang, Ahmed, Ceesay, Lamin, Hill, Philip C, Greenwood, Brian, and Mackenzie, Grant A
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PNEUMONIA diagnosis ,MENINGITIS diagnosis ,PNEUMONIA-related mortality ,PNEUMONIA ,PUBLIC health surveillance ,RURAL conditions ,SEPSIS ,STREPTOCOCCUS ,NEISSERIA ,STAPHYLOCOCCUS aureus ,RESEARCH funding ,MENINGITIS - Abstract
Background Representative data describing serious infections in children aged ≥5 years and adults in Africa are limited. Methods We conducted population-based surveillance for pneumonia, meningitis, and septicemia in a demographic surveillance area in The Gambia between 12 May 2008 and 31 December 2015. We used standardized criteria to identify, diagnose, and investigate patients aged ≥5 years using conventional microbiology and radiology. Results We enrolled 1638 of 1657 eligible patients and investigated 1618. Suspected pneumonia, septicemia, or meningitis was diagnosed in 1392, 135, and 111 patients, respectively. Bacterial pathogens from sterile sites were isolated from 105 (7.5%) patients with suspected pneumonia, 11 (8.1%) with suspected septicemia, and 28 (25.2%) with suspected meningitis. Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 84), Neisseria meningitidis (n = 16), and Staphylococcus aureus (n = 15) were the most common pathogens. Twenty-eight (1.7%) patients died in hospital and 40 (4.1%) died during the 4 months after discharge. Thirty postdischarge deaths occurred in patients aged ≥10 years with suspected pneumonia. The minimum annual incidence was 133 cases per 100 000 person-years for suspected pneumonia, 13 for meningitis, 11 for septicemia, 14 for culture-positive disease, and 46 for radiological pneumonia. At least 2.7% of all deaths in the surveillance area were due to suspected pneumonia, meningitis, or septicemia. Conclusions Pneumonia, meningitis, and septicemia in children aged ≥5 years and adults in The Gambia are responsible for significant morbidity and mortality. Many deaths occur after hospital discharge and most cases are culture negative. Improvements in prevention, diagnosis, inpatient, and follow-up management are urgently needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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11. Combined Effects of Indigenous Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and NPK Fertilizer on Growth and Yields of Maize and Soil Nutrient Availability.
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Fall, Abdoulaye Fofana, Nakabonge, Grace, Ssekandi, Joseph, Founoune-Mboup, Hassna, Badji, Arfang, Ndiaye, Abibatou, Ndiaye, Malick, Kyakuwa, Paul, Anyoni, Otim Godfrey, Kabaseke, Clovis, Ronoh, Amos Kipkemoi, and Ekwangu, Joseph
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The excessive application of mineral fertilizers in maize cultivation leads to progressive soil contamination in the long term and increases the cost of production. An alternative to reduce over-fertilization is to perform a partial replacement with microbes that promote nutrition and growth, such as Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF). A pot experiment which was followed by two field experiments was performed with and without the application of indigenous AMF in combination with five nitrogen–phosphorus–potassium (NPK) fertilization rates (100% NPK = N120P60K60; 75% NPK = N90P45K45; 50% NPK = N60P30K30; 25% NPK = N30P15K15; control = N0P0K0). The objective was to investigate whether the soil application of indigenous mycorrhizal fungi inoculum combined with NPK fertilization can provide higher maize yields and soil-available N, P, and K than chemical fertilization can alone. The greenhouse results showed that the application of AMF with a 50% NPK treatment significantly increased the plant's growth, root colonization, leaf chlorophyll content, and N, P, and K tissue content. The results from the field conditions showed that there was a highly significant yield after the treatment with AMF + 50% NPK. The study also revealed that mycorrhizal fungi inoculation increased the available soil N and P concentrations when it was combined with a 50% NPK dose. This suggests that the inoculation of fields with AM fungi can reduce the chemical fertilizer application by half, while improving soil chemistry. The results suggested that AMF inoculation can be used in integrated soil fertility management strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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12. Invasive bacterial disease in young infants in rural Gambia: Population-based surveillance.
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Olatunji, Yekini A., Banjo, Adeshola A., Jarde, Alexander, Salaudeen, Rasheed, Ndiaye, Malick, Galega, Lobga B., Odutola, Aderonke, Hossain, Ilias M., Osuorah, Chidiebere, Sahito, Muhammad S., Muhammad, Bilquees Shah, Ikumapayi, Nurudeen U., Drammeh, Momodou M., Manjang, Ahmad, Adegbola, Richard A., Greenwood, Biran M., Hill, Phillip C., and Grant, Mackenzie A.
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DIAGNOSIS of bacterial diseases ,LUNG microbiology ,BACTEREMIA ,PNEUMONIA ,PUBLIC health surveillance ,KRUSKAL-Wallis Test ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,ANALYSIS of variance ,RURAL conditions ,PLEURA ,AGE distribution ,QUANTITATIVE research ,MANN Whitney U Test ,STAPHYLOCOCCAL diseases ,PEARSON correlation (Statistics) ,T-test (Statistics) ,COMPARATIVE studies ,STAPHYLOCOCCUS aureus ,ESCHERICHIA coli diseases ,RESEARCH funding ,CASE studies ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,CHI-squared test ,BACTERIAL diseases ,BLOOD testing ,CEREBROSPINAL fluid ,MENINGITIS ,DATA analysis software ,ODDS ratio ,MICROBIAL sensitivity tests ,LONGITUDINAL method ,CHILDREN - Abstract
Background Invasive bacterial diseases (IBD) cause significant mortality in young infants. There are limited population-based data on IBD in young infants in Sub-Saharan Africa. Methods We conducted population-based surveillance for IBD among infants aged 0-90 days in a demographic surveillance area in rural Gambia between 1 March 2011 and 31 December 2017. Infants admitted to health facilities within the study area had standardised clinical evaluation plus conventional microbiological investigation. We defined IBD as isolation of pathogenic bacteria from blood, cerebrospinal fluid, lung, or pleural aspirate. We determined incidence, aetiology and case-fatality of IBD. Results A total of 3794 infants were admitted and 3605 (95%) had at least one sample collected for culture. We detected 254 (8.0%) episodes of IBD (bacteraemia 241; meningitis 14; pneumonia seven). The incidence of IBD in infants aged 0-90 days was 25 episodes/1000 person-years (95% confidence interval (CI) = 22-28), the incidence in neonates was 50 episodes/1000 person-years (95% CI = 43-58) and the incidence in infants aged 29-90 days was 12 episodes/1000 person-years (95% CI = 9-15). The most common pathogens causing IBD were Staphylococcus aureus (n = 102, 40%), Escherichia coli (n = 37, 15%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 24, 9%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 12, 5%). Case-fatality was 29% (95% CI = 23-37) in neonates and 19% (95% CI = 11-29) in infants aged 29-90 days. A minimum of 7.3% of all young infant deaths in the population were caused by IBD. Conclusions IBD are common in young infants in rural Gambia and have a high case-fatality. Strategies are needed to prevent IBD in young infants. Overcoming barriers to widespread implementation of existing vaccines and developing new vaccines against the most common pathogens causing IBD should be among top priorities for reducing the high mortality rate in young infants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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13. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Improve Growth and Phosphate Nutrition of Acacia seyal (Delile) under Saline Conditions.
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Manga, Anicet Georges Bruno, Ndiaye, Malick, Ndiaye, Mame Arama Fall, Sané, Seyni, Diop, Tahir Abdoulaye, Diatta, André Amakobo, Bassene, César, Min, Doohong, Battaglia, Martin, and Harrison, Matthew Tom
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EFFECT of salt on plants ,VESICULAR-arbuscular mycorrhizas ,MYCORRHIZAL fungi ,FUNGAL growth ,SOIL salinity ,ACACIA ,MULTIPURPOSE trees ,NUTRITION - Abstract
Many plant species adapted to semi-arid environments are grown in the Sahelian region in northern Africa. One such species is Acacia seyal (Delile), a multipurpose leguminous tree grown in various agroecological zones, including saline soils. These challenging arid and semi-arid environments harbor a diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) communities that can develop symbiotic associations with plants to improve their hydromineral nutrition. This study compared the effects of native AMF communities isolated from semi-arid sites (high, moderate, and low salinity zones Ndiafate, Ngane, and Bambey, respectively) and the AMF Rhizoglomus aggregatum on the development and phosphate nutrition of A. seyal seedlings subject to three salinity treatments (0, 340, and 680 mM). Plant height, dry matter weight of the shoots and roots, and phosphorus uptake from the soil were measured. Plants inoculated with AMF native species from each site that were provided with up to 340 mM of NaCl had greater shoot height than plants grown under 680 mM salinity. At NaCl concentrations above 340 mM, shoot and root development of A. seyal seedlings diminished. However, dry matter production of shoots (7%) and roots (15%) improved following AMF inoculation compared with the control (respectively 0.020 and 0.07 g for shoots and roots). When inoculated with AMF isolates from the high salinity zone (Ndiafate), phosphate content/nutrition was increased by 10% around 30 days after inoculation compared with non-inoculated seedlings (2.84 mg/kg of substrate). These results demonstrate that native AMF inoculants are capable of helping plants withstand environmental constraints, especially those exposing plants to harsh climatic conditions. We discuss insights on how AMF influences the interplay between soil phosphorus and perceived salinity that may have implications for broader relationships between plants and symbiotic fungi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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14. Childhood meningitis in rural Gambia: 10 years of population-based surveillance.
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Ikumapayi, Usman N., Hill, Philip C., Hossain, Ilias, Olatunji, Yekini, Ndiaye, Malick, Badji, Henry, Manjang, Ahmed, Salaudeen, Rasheed, Ceesay, Lamin, Adegbola, Richard A., Greenwood, Brian M., and Mackenzie, Grant A.
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STREPTOCOCCUS pneumoniae ,BACTERIAL meningitis ,MENINGITIS ,NEISSERIA meningitidis ,COLIFORMS ,HAEMOPHILUS influenzae ,GRAM-negative bacteria ,AGE groups - Abstract
Background: The introduction in many countries of conjugate vaccines against Haemophilus influenzae type b, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Neisseria meningitidis has led to significant reductions in acute bacterial meningitis (ABM) in children. However, recent population-based data on ABM in sub-Saharan Africa are limited. Methods: Population-based surveillance for meningitis was carried out in a rural area of The Gambia under demographic surveillance from 2008 to 2017, using standardised criteria for referral, diagnosis and investigation. We calculated incidence using population denominators. Results: We diagnosed 1,666 patients with suspected meningitis and collected cerebrospinal fluid (n = 1,121) and/or blood (n = 1,070) from 1,427 (88%) of cases. We identified 169 cases of ABM, 209 cases of suspected non-bacterial meningitis (SNBM) and 1,049 cases of clinically suspected meningitis (CSM). The estimated average annual incidence of ABM was high at 145 per 100,000 population in the <2-month age group, 56 per 100,000 in the 2–23-month age group, but lower at 5 per 100,000 in the 5–14-year age group. The most common causes of ABM were Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 44), Neisseria meningitidis (n = 42), and Gram-negative coliform bacteria (n = 26). Eighteen of 22 cases caused by pneumococcal serotypes included in PCV13 occurred prior to vaccine introduction and four afterwards. The overall case fatality ratio for ABM was 29% (49/169) and was highest in the <2-month age group 37% (10/27). The case fatality ratio was 8.6% (18/209) for suspected non-bacterial meningitis and 12.8% (134/1049) for clinically suspected meningitis cases. Conclusions: Gambian children continue to experience substantial morbidity and mortality associated with suspected meningitis, especially acute bacterial meningitis. Such severely ill children in sub-Saharan Africa require improved diagnostics and clinical care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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15. Near Term Hybrid Quantum Computing Solution to the Matrix Riccati Equations.
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Bonorino, Augusto González, Ndiaye, Malick, and DeCusatis, Casimer
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QUANTUM computing ,RICCATI equation ,INTERNET security ,COMPUTER algorithms ,DIFFERENTIAL equations - Abstract
The well-known Riccati differential equations play a key role in many fields, including problems in protein folding, control and stabilization, stochastic control, and cybersecurity (risk analysis and malware propagation). Quantum computer algorithms have the potential to implement faster approximate solutions to the Riccati equations compared with strictly classical algorithms. While systems with many qubits are still under development, there is significant interest in developing algorithms for near-term quantum computers to determine their accuracy and limitations. In this paper, we propose a hybrid quantum-classical algorithm, the Matrix Riccati Solver (MRS). This approach uses a transformation of variables to turn a set of nonlinear differential equation into a set of approximate linear differential equations (i.e., second order non-constant coefficients) which can in turn be solved using a version of the Harrow-Hassidim-Lloyd (HHL) quantum algorithm for the case of Hermitian matrices. We implement this approach using the Qiskit language and compute near-term results using a 4 qubit IBM Q System quantum computer. Comparisons with classical results and areas for future research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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16. Modified Hydraulic Models for Thin Smoke and Crowd Crawling Phenomena.
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Abougharib, Arwa and Ndiaye, Malick
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HYDRAULIC models ,SMOKE ,BIPEDALISM ,CROWDS ,TUNNEL ventilation ,SWITCHED reluctance motors - Abstract
The hydraulic model is a set of closed-form, deterministic equations used to predict average crowd speeds and movement times of evacuees exiting a building. The standard SFPE hydraulic model assumes that crowd speed is only influenced by crowd congestion and type of terrain, when in fact, it is also affected heavily influenced by smoke, which not only causes evacuees to slow down due to poorer visibility but may also force them to switch a different movement mode: crawling. This paper gathers and refines empirical data from various published experiments involving individuals and groups moving through smoke by walking upright and crawling, to establish two new variants of the hydraulic model describing the movement of crowds through smoke by the two movement modes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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17. Effects of the Introduction of the Hyperloop on Existing Supply Chains.
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Ndiaye, Malick, Jarouj, Philip, Sobh, Hassan, Almheiri, Ali Eisa, and Azzouz, Anas
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HYPERLOOP ,SUPPLY chains ,TRANSPORTATION ,SIMULATION methods & models ,HIGH speed ground transportation - Abstract
The hyperloop is an upcoming transportation technology promising to revolutionize the way people and cargo are transported, given the shear speed advantage that a hyperloop pod can travel in as compared to that of any other current land-based transportation mode. Using secondary sources to theoretically examine the effects of the hyperloop on existing supply chains, further point estimates are obtained surrounding different variables of the hyperloop such as its speed, carry capacity, and launch rate. A preliminary investigation is then conducted in the context of northern Germany, where 19,360,000 tons of cargo were transported in 2013 using trucks. As such, a mirrored hyperloop-based supply chain is modelled, simulated, and compared to that of the control, using Arena. It is estimated that the hyperloop could have transported 8% more cargo within the same time period, where it is seen that 26% more hyperloop pods are dispatched when compared to trucks, as per the simulation output. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
18. Effects of the Introduction of the Hyperloop on Existing Supply Chains.
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Ndiaye, Malick, Jarouj, Philip, Sobh, Hassan, Almheiri, Ali Eisa, and Azzouz, Anas
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SUPPLY chains ,HYPERLOOP ,TRANSPORTATION ,SIMULATION methods & models - Abstract
The hyperloop is an upcoming transportation technology promising to revolutionize the way people and cargo are transported, given the shear speed advantage that a hyperloop pod can travel in as compared to that of any other current land-based transportation mode. Using secondary sources to theoretically examine the effects of the hyperloop on existing supply chains, further point estimates are obtained surrounding different variables of the hyperloop such as its speed, carry capacity, and launch rate. A preliminary investigation is then conducted in the context of northern Germany, where 19,360,000 tons of cargo were transported in 2013 using trucks. As such, a mirrored hyperloop-based supply chain is modelled, simulated, and compared to that of the control, using Arena. It is estimated that the hyperloop could have transported 8% more cargo within the same time period, where it is seen that 26% more hyperloop pods are dispatched when compared to trucks, as per the simulation output. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
19. Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Associated with Maize in the Eastern Part of Uganda †.
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Fall, Abdoulaye Fofana, Nakabonge, Grace, Ssekandi, Joseph, Founoune-Mboup, Hassna, Badji, Arfang, Balde, Issa, and Ndiaye, Malick
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VESICULAR-arbuscular mycorrhizas ,NATIVE species ,SOIL sampling ,AGRICULTURAL productivity ,SOIL microbiology ,BIOFERTILIZERS - Abstract
Improving maize yield is an objective of utmost importance for food security in Uganda. In the evaluation of soil microorganisms in crop production, it is important to assess the composition and diversity of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) species in different agroecosystems. AMF play an important role in improving crop growth and yield. We present a study of the morphological diversity of native AMF species associated with the rhizosphere of maize in two locations in eastern Uganda (the Amuria and Serere districts). The effects of soil chemical properties on this diversity are also assessed. AMF diversity is assessed by the morphological identification of the spores extracted from soils samples by the wet sieving method. Spores abundance, species richness, and diversity are determined. A total of 19 AMF morphotypes distributed in 7 genera (Gigaspora, Scutellospora, Glomus, Acaulospora, Archaeospora, Entrophospora, and Paraglomus) are observed. Glomus species are abundant in all sites. Spore densities are higher in Amuria than in Serere. Soil pH, CEC, and phosphorus content influence AMF distribution. Finding the species in various agroecological environments indicates that they are adapted to the environments. Maize grown in eastern Uganda is associated with a diversity of AMF that could be selected as bio-fertilizers to improve crop production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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20. Insights Into Pneumococcal Pneumonia Using Lung Aspirates and Nasopharyngeal Swabs Collected From Pneumonia Patients in The Gambia.
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Dunne, Eileen M, Hua, Yinglei, Salaudeen, Rasheed, Hossain, Ilias, Ndiaye, Malick, Ortika, Belinda D, Mulholland, E Kim, Hinds, Jason, Manna, Sam, Mackenzie, Grant A, and Satzke, Catherine
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PNEUMONIA diagnosis ,STREPTOCOCCAL disease diagnosis ,LUNGS ,STREPTOCOCCUS ,NASOPHARYNX ,RESEARCH funding - Abstract
Background: We investigated the pathogenesis of pneumococcal pneumonia using clinical specimens collected for pneumonia surveillance in The Gambia.Methods: Lung aspirates and nasopharyngeal swabs from 31 patients were examined by culture, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), whole genome sequencing, serotyping, and reverse-transcription qPCR.Results: Five lung aspirates cultured pneumococci, with a matching strain identified in the nasopharynx. Three virulence genes including ply (pneumolysin) were upregulated >20-fold in the lung compared with the nasopharynx. Nasopharyngeal pneumococcal density was higher in pediatric pneumonia patients compared with controls (P < .0001).Conclusions: Findings suggest that changes in pneumococcal gene expression occurring in the lung environment may be important in pathogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2022
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21. Analysis of Genotype-Environment Interaction and Yield Stability of Introduced Upland Rice in the Groundnut Basin Agroclimatic Zone of Senegal.
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Kanfany, Ghislain, Ayenan, Mathieu Anatole Tele, Zoclanclounon, Yedomon Ange Bovys, Kane, Talla, Ndiaye, Malick, Diatta, Cyril, Diatta, Jeannot, Gueye, Tala, and Fofana, Amadou
- Subjects
RICE ,UPLAND rice ,GENOTYPE-environment interaction ,PEANUTS ,GRAIN yields ,RICE breeding - Abstract
Identification of highly performing varieties under Senegalese environment is crucial to sustain rice production. Genotype-environment interaction and stability performance on the grain yield of ten upland rice genotypes were investigated across 11 environments in Senegal during the rainy seasons of 2016 and 2017 to identify adapted varieties. The experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design with three replications at each environment. Data on grain yield were recorded and analyzed using the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model. The combined analysis of variance revealed that the grain yield was significantly affected by environment (67.9%), followed by genotype × environment (G × E) interaction (23.6%) and genotype (8.5%). The first two principal component axes were highly significant with 37.5 and 26% of the total observed G × E interaction variation, respectively. GGE biplot grouped the environments into four potential megaenvironments. Based on the yield stability index parameter and ranking GGE biplot, NERICA 8 and ART3-7-L9P8-1-B-B-1 were stable and high-yielding varieties compared to the local check NERICA 6. These varieties should be proposed for cultivation in order to sustain the rice production in the southern part of the groundnut basin of Senegal and used as parental lines in rice breeding program for grain yield improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. An Investigation into underpinning criteria of 'Subjective Happiness' Index in an Educational Environment.
- Author
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Saboor, Sara, Al Sadawi, Alia, Ndiaye, Malick, and Ahmed, Vian
- Subjects
HAPPINESS ,SOCIAL capital ,REHABILITATION centers ,ANALYTIC hierarchy process ,SATISFACTION - Abstract
Happiness is a form of social capital, that aids in increasing the tangible benefits for the society. The countries rich in social capital (Human development Index) are less likely to spend their budget on hospitals, prisons, depressions and rehabilitation center. Recently, a greater amount of attention has been given to the 'Subjective Happiness' by academia and economists, that considers it as an essential variable for the welfare, economic and a guide for policy. The construct of the 'Subjective Happiness' Index can be used to develop a system to flourish a society. Over the years, the importance of the construct has been adopted in a number of fields and sectors in a society, of which education is a significant contributor to ensure a sustainable success. This study, therefore, intents to adopt an exploratory approach to understand the concept of Happiness as a construct and define a set of underpinning criteria that makes a 'Subjective Happiness' Index. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
23. Vehicle routing in cold food supply chain logistics: a literature review.
- Author
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Awad, Mahmoud, Ndiaye, Malick, and Osman, Ahmed
- Subjects
FOOD supply ,SUPPLY chains ,FOOD transportation ,ENVIRONMENTAL quality ,LOGISTICS ,HALAL food - Abstract
Purpose: Cold supply chain (CSC) distribution systems are vital in preserving the integrity and freshness of transported temperature sensitive products. CSC is also known to be energy intensive with a significant emission footprint. As a result, CSC requires strict monitoring and control management system during storage and transportation to improve safety and reduce profit losses. In this research, a systematic review of recent literature related to the distribution of food CSC products is presented and possible areas to extend research in modeling and decision-making are identified. Design/methodology/approach: The paper analyzes the content of 65 recent articles related to CSC and perishable foods. Several relevant keywords were used in the initial search, which generated a list of 214 articles. The articles were screened based on content relevance in terms of food vehicle routing modeling and quality. Selected articles were categorized and analyzed based on cost elements, modeling framework and solution approach. Finally, recommendations for future research are suggested. Findings: The review identified several research gaps in CSC logistics literature, where more focused research is warranted. First, the review suggests that dynamic vehicle modeling and routing while considering products quality and environmental impacts is still an open area for research. Second, there is no consensus among researchers in terms of quality degradation models used to assess the freshness of transported cold food. As a result, an investigation of critical parameters and quality modeling is warranted. Third, and due to the problem complexity, there is a need for developing heuristics and metaheuristics to solve such models. Finally, there is a need for extending the single product single compartment CSC to multi-compartment multi-temperature routing modeling. Originality/value: The article identified possible areas to extend research in CSC distribution modeling and decision-making. Modified models that reflect real applications will help practitioners, food authorities and researchers make timely and more accurate decisions that will reduce food waste and improve the freshness of transported food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Phenotypic plasticity of plant traits contributing to grain and biomass yield of dual-purpose sorghum.
- Author
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Ndiaye, Malick, Muller, Bertrand, Ganyo, Komla Kyky, Guissé, Aliou, Cissé, Ndiaga, and Adam, Myriam
- Abstract
Main conclusion: Plant traits of interest for sorghum breeders to develop dual-purpose varieties are stem diameter, flag leaf size, crop cycle, and number of grains per panicle. To develop dual-purpose varieties, breeders need to improve traits linked both to grain and biomass production. To identify these traits, we studied the phenotypic plasticity of eighteen traits and the performance of ten contrasting sorghum genotypes, used in West Africa. Trials were carried out in a randomized complete blocks design with four replicates from 2013 to 2016 in Bambey, Sinthiou Malem and Nioro du Rip in Senegal. The results revealed three plant types. The first type, “biomass production”, contained genotypes IS15401 and SK5912, and was linked to cycle duration, leaf area, and plant height. The second type, “grain production”, grouped the caudatum race sorghum 621B, F2-20 and Soumba, and was associated with the number of grains per panicle and the width of the flag leaf. The third group, “dual-purpose”, corresponding to the genotypes Fadda, Nieleni and Pablo, combined some favourable traits for grain and biomass: stem diameter, internode length, number of green leaves and number of grains per panicle. The study showed that high and stable grain yields were associated with stability in flag leaf size, phenology and number of grains per panicle, and a high and stable biomass yield was associated with stability in stem diameter. Those stable plant traits might be of interest for sorghum breeders selecting to develop dual-purpose varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. An Investigation into underpinning criteria of ‘Subjective Happiness’ Index in an Educational Environment.
- Author
-
Saboor, Sara, Sadawi, Alia Al, Ndiaye, Malick, and Ahmed, Vian
- Subjects
HAPPINESS ,SOCIAL capital ,SATISFACTION ,ANALYTIC hierarchy process ,HUMAN Development Index - Abstract
Happiness is a form of social capital, that aids in increasing the tangible benefits for the society. The countries rich in social capital (Human development Index) are less likely to spend their budget on hospitals, prisons, depressions and rehabilitation center. Recently, a greater amount of attention has been given to the ‘Subjective Happiness’ by academia and economists, that considers it as an essential variable for the welfare, economic and a guide for policy. The construct of the ‘Subjective Happiness’ Index can be used to develop a system to flourish a society. Over the years, the importance of the construct has been adopted in a number of fields and sectors in a society, of which education is a significant contributor to ensure a sustainable success. This study, therefore, intents to adopt an exploratory approach to understand the concept of Happiness as a construct and define a set of underpinning criteria that makes a ‘Subjective Happiness’ Index. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
26. Manual spray painting process optimization using Taguchi robust design.
- Author
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Almansoori, Noura, Aldulaijan, Samah, Althani, Sara, Hassan, Noha M., Ndiaye, Malick, and Awad, Mahmoud
- Abstract
Purpose: Researchers heavily investigated the use of industrial robots to enhance the quality of spray-painted surfaces. Despite its advantages, automating process is not always economically feasible. The manual process, on the other hand, is cheaper, but its quality is prone to the mental and physical conditions of the worker making it difficult to operate consistently. This research proposes a mathematical cost model that integrates human factors in determining optimal process settings. Design/methodology/approach: Taguchi's robust design is used to investigate the effect of fatigue, stability of worker's hand and speed on paint consumption, surface quality, and processing time. A crossed array experimental design is deployed. Regression analysis is then used to model response variables and formulate cost model, followed by a multi-response optimization. Findings: Results reveal that noise factors have a significant influence on painting quality, time, and cost of the painted surface. As a result, a noise management strategy should be implemented to reduce their impact and obtain better quality and productivity results. The cost model can be used to determine optimal setting for different applications by product and by industry. Originality/value: Hardly any research considered the influence of human factors. Most focused on robot trajectory and its effect on paint uniformity. In proposed research, both cost and quality are integrated into a single objective. Quality is measured in terms of uniformity, smoothness, and surface defects. The interaction between trajectory and flow rate is investigated here for the first time. A unique approach integrating quality management, statistical analysis, and optimization is used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Impact of routine vaccination against type b in The Gambia: 20 years after its introduction.
- Author
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Zaman, Syed M. A., Howie, Stephen R. C., Ochoge, Magnus, Secka, Ousman, Bah, Alasana, Baldeh, Ignatius, Sanneh, Bakary, Darboe, Saffiatou, Ceesay, Buntung, Camara, Haddy Bah, Mawas, Fatme, Ndiaye, Malick, Hossain, Ilias, Salaudeen, Rasheed, Bojang, Kalifa, Ceesay, Samba, Sowe, Dawda, Hossain, M. Jahangir, Mulholland, Kim, and Kwambana-Adams, Brenda A.
- Subjects
CONFIDENCE intervals ,FISHER exact test ,HAEMOPHILUS diseases ,MENINGITIS ,POLYMERASE chain reaction ,PUBLIC health surveillance ,HAEMOPHILUS disease vaccines ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,BACTERIAL meningitis ,THERAPEUTICS ,CHILDREN - Abstract
Background: In 1997, The Gambia introduced three primary doses of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccine without a booster in its infant immunisation programme along with establishment of a population-based surveillance on Hib meningitis in the West Coast Region (WCR). This surveillance was stopped in 2002 with reported elimination of Hib disease. This was re-established in 2008 but stopped again in 2010. We aimed to re-establish the surveillance in WCR and to continue surveillance in Basse Health and Demographic Surveillance System (BHDSS) in the east of the country to assess any shifts in the epidemiology of Hib disease in The Gambia.Methods: In WCR, population-based surveillance for Hib meningitis was re-established in children aged under-10 years from 24 December 2014 to 31 March 2017, using conventional microbiology and Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). In BHDSS, population-based surveillance for Hib disease was conducted in children aged 2-59 months from 12 May 2008 to 31 December 2017 using conventional microbiology only. Hib carriage survey was carried out in pre-school and school children from July 2015 to November 2016.Results: In WCR, five Hib meningitis cases were detected using conventional microbiology while another 14 were detected by RT-PCR. Of the 19 cases, two (11%) were too young to be protected by vaccination while seven (37%) were unvaccinated. Using conventional microbiology, the incidence of Hib meningitis per 100 000-child-year (CY) in children aged 1-59 months was 0.7 in 2015 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.0-3.7) and 2.7 (95% CI = 0.7-7.0) in 2016. In BHDSS, 25 Hib cases were reported. Nine (36%) were too young to be protected by vaccination and five (20%) were under-vaccinated for age. Disease incidence peaked in 2012-2013 at 15 per 100 000 CY and fell to 5-8 per 100 000 CY over the subsequent four years. The prevalence of Hib carriage was 0.12% in WCR and 0.38% in BHDSS.Conclusions: After 20 years of using three primary doses of Hib vaccine without a booster Hib transmission continues in The Gambia, albeit at low rates. Improved coverage and timeliness of vaccination are of high priority for Hib disease in settings like Gambia, and there are currently no clear indications of a need for a booster dose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia in Children of Rural Areas of The Gambia, 2008-2015.
- Author
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Odutola, Aderonke, Bottomley, Christian, Zaman, Syed A., Lindsay, Jodi, Shah, Muhammed, Hossain, Ilias, Ndiaye, Malick, Osuorah, Chidebere D. I., Olatunji, Yekini, Badji, Henry, Ikumapayi, Usman N. A., Manjang, Ahmad, Salaudeen, Rasheed, Ceesay, Lamin, Jasseh, Momodou, Adegbola, Richard A., Corrah, Tumani, Hill, Philip C., Greenwood, Brian M., and Mackenzie, Grant A.
- Subjects
BACTEREMIA ,STAPHYLOCOCCUS aureus ,RURAL geography ,CHILDREN - Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia is a substantial cause of childhood disease and death, but few studies have described its epidemiology in developing countries. Using a population-based surveillance system for pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis, we estimated S. aureus bacteremia incidence and the case-fatality ratio in children <5 years of age in 2 regions in the eastern part of The Gambia during 2008-2015. Among 33,060 children with suspected pneumonia, sepsis, or meningitis, we performed blood culture for 27,851; of 1,130 patients with bacteremia, 198 (17.5%) were positive for S. aureus. S. aureus bacteremia incidence was 78 (95% CI 67-91) cases/100,000 person-years in children <5 years of age and 2,080 (95% CI 1,621-2,627) cases/100,000 person-years in neonates. Incidence did not change after introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. The case-fatality ratio was 14.1% (95% CI 9.6%-19.8%). Interventions are needed to reduce the S. aureus bacteremia burden in The Gambia, particularly among neonates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Gingival metastasis of a breast carcinoma.
- Author
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Ndiaye, Moustapha, Faye, Ababacar Diegane, Diouf, Mame Sanou, Ndiaye, Ciré, Sy, Abdou, Diallo, Adja Coumba, Loum, Birame, Deguenonvo, Richard, Diom, Evelyne Siga, Ndiaye, Malick, Ndiaye, Issa Cheikh, Diallo, Bay Karim, Tall, Abdourahmane, and Diouf, Raymond
- Subjects
METASTATIC breast cancer ,NEOADJUVANT chemotherapy ,CARCINOMA ,BREAST tumors ,EMERGENCY medicine ,AXILLARY lymph node dissection ,GINGIVAL hyperplasia ,GINGIVAL grafts - Abstract
We report a case of metastasis to the gingiva of breast carcinoma. The breast tumor was treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by a radical mastectomy associated with axillary dissection. The gingival lesion occurred 7 months after surgery; the metastasis was confirmed by a biopsy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Focused Plant Optimization Strategy for Polyethylene Multi-grades and Multi-sites Production.
- Author
-
Alqahtani, Mushabeb Z., Shaikh, Arifusalam, and Ndiaye, Malick M.
- Subjects
POLYETHYLENE plants ,PLANT capacity ,PRODUCTION (Economic theory) - Abstract
A petrochemical industry produces multiple grades of products along with a significant amount of ‘off-spec’ grades which are bi-products resulting from a transition phase between production of any two grades. While the optimization of grades production in different reactors is important, it is equally important to minimize the production of off-spec grades to minimize loss and reduce safety risks imposed on the reactor in every transition. The production of off-spec grades depends on many factors, particularly the number of grades produced in the reactor and the nature and duration of the transitions. In this study, an adoption of a ‘focused plant’ approach is used that meets the demand of different grades by assigning limited or focused grades to selected reactors based on their capabilities and constraints. A mixed-integer linear programming model is presented to determine the optimum grades selection for focused reactors of a plant and the quantity to be produced in each reactor to maximize overall profit. The model is applied on a case study with six reactors and twelve grades over a period of 1 year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Cost Minimization in Data Batch Processing.
- Author
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Abdulameer, Alyaa, Shamayleh, Abdulrahim, and Ndiaye, Malick
- Subjects
ELECTRONIC data processing ,SERVICE level agreements ,BATCH processing ,PARALLEL processing ,COMPUTER scheduling - Abstract
In today's world, data communication and execution- whether online or offline- became essential in all business fields. Considering the case of offline execution, data files are collected in groups called input batches and processed using available resources to get the required aggregated output in the form of "output batch", this process is called Data Batching. In most applications of batch processing, the target is to execute required tasks within specified time frame while fulfilling all predecessors' requirements and constraints set by the client using minimum resources. The data batch process terms and conditions are stated in the contract between service provider and the client - Known as Service Level Agreement (SLA). In this work we present an algorithm to minimize the total cost of data batch processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
32. Capacitated Lot-Sizing and Scheduling with Sequence- Dependent setups in Petrochemical Plants.
- Author
-
Abdullah, Sari, Shamayleh, Abdulrahim, and Ndiaye, Malick
- Subjects
PETROLEUM chemical plants ,ECONOMIC lot size ,RAW materials ,SETUP costs ,PETROCHEMICAL manufacturing ,MIXED integer linear programming - Abstract
In this work we developed a mathematical model to study the problem of capacitated lot sizing. The problem under study is concerned with multi-period planning and scheduling for a company that runs multiple plants to produce multiple grades of product. The company owns multiple warehouses and the raw material needed for production is provided by different suppliers. There is a setup cost for switching the production between the different product grades and the setup cost is sequence dependent. The problem under study is in the petrochemical manufacturing field. When different grades are produced in a petrochemical facility, a non-prime material is formed, this material depends on the production sequence of the differ grades. The model will answer questions related to supplier selection for raw material, production plan for each plant, inventory levels of the different grades at each plant, and warehouse selection to satisfy demand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
33. Indications and Morbidity of Reoperative Thyroid Surgeries in a Military Hospital of Senegal.
- Author
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Sy, Abdou, Regonne, Eric Joël, Fofana, Aminata, Diandy, Yves, and Ndiaye, Malick
- Subjects
THYROIDECTOMY ,REOPERATION ,HEMOSTASIS ,MILITARY hospitals - Abstract
Objectives. To describe reoperative thyroid surgeries in our department. Study Design. Retrospective cross-sectional and descriptive study at the Ouakam Military Hospital in Dakar (Senegal), over a period of eight and a half years. Methods. The study involved all records of patients who had a reoperative thyroidectomy regardless of the indication and time of the second surgery. Parameters evaluated for first and reoperative surgery were time interval between the two surgeries, operative indications, surgical procedures, intraoperative findings, pathological examination, and morbidity. Results. 30 records of patients were selected out of a total of 698 thyroidectomies (4.3%). Thyroid cancers diagnosed on first surgical specimens were the first indications of reoperations (46.67%) followed by neck hematoma (20%). Completion thyroidectomy with a prophylactic central lymph nodes dissection was the most performed surgical procedure (43.33%) followed by haemostasis (20%). During reoperation, we found active bleeding (20%), textiloma (6.67%), and fourth branchial cleft fistula (3.33%). The morbidity accounted for 10%: lymphorrhea, permanent hypocalcemia, and permanent recurrent nerve palsy, in one case, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between the morbidity in patients reoperated on and the one for patients operated on once. Conclusion. We did not find an increased risk of postoperative morbidity after reintervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Child Mortality after Discharge from a Health Facility following Suspected Pneumonia, Meningitis or Septicaemia in Rural Gambia: A Cohort Study.
- Author
-
Chhibber, Aakash Varun, Hill, Philip C., Jafali, James, Jasseh, Momodou, Hossain, Mohammad Ilias, Ndiaye, Malick, Pathirana, Jayani C., Greenwood, Brian, and Mackenzie, Grant A.
- Subjects
CHILD mortality ,HOSPITAL admission & discharge ,HEALTH facilities ,PNEUMONIA in children ,MENINGITIS in children ,SEPTICEMIA in children - Abstract
Objective: To measure mortality and its risk factors among children discharged from a health centre in rural Gambia. Methods: We conducted a cohort study between 12 May 2008 and 11 May 2012. Children aged 2–59 months, admitted with suspected pneumonia, sepsis, or meningitis after presenting to primary and secondary care facilities, were followed for 180 days after discharge. We developed models associating post-discharge mortality with clinical syndrome on admission and clinical risk factors. Findings: One hundred and five of 3755 (2.8%) children died, 80% within 3 months of discharge. Among children aged 2–11 and 12–59 months, there were 30 and 29 deaths per 1000 children per 180 days respectively, compared to 11 and 5 respectively in the resident population. Children with suspected pneumonia unaccompanied by clinically severe malnutrition (CSM) had the lowest risk of post-discharge mortality. Mortality increased in children with suspected meningitis or septicaemia without CSM (hazard ratio [HR] 2.6 and 2.2 respectively). The risk of mortality greatly increased with CSM on admission: CSM with suspected pneumonia (HR 8.1; 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.4 to 15), suspected sepsis (HR 18.4; 95% CI 11.3 to 30), or suspected meningitis (HR 13.7; 95% CI 4.2 to 45). Independent associations with mortality were: mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) of 11.5–13.0 cm compared to >13.0 cm (HR 7.2; 95% CI 3.0 to 17.0), MUAC 10.5–11.4 cm (HR 24; 95% CI 9.4 to 62), and MUAC <10.5 cm (HR 44; 95% CI 18 to 108), neck stiffness (HR 10.4; 95% CI 3.1 to 34.8), non-medical discharge (HR 4.7; 95% CI 2.0 to 10.9), dry season discharge (HR 2.0; 95% CI 1.2 to 3.3), while greater haemoglobin (HR 0.82; 0.73 to 0.91), axillary temperature (HR 0.71; 95% CI 0.58 to 0.87), and oxygen saturation (HR 0.96; 95% CI 0.93 to 0.99) were associated with reduced mortality. Conclusion: Gambian children experience increased mortality after discharge from primary and secondary care. Interventions should target both moderately and severely malnourished children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Increased Disease due to Haemophilus influenzae Type b.
- Author
-
Mackenzie, Grant A., Ikumapayi, Usman N. A., Scott, Susana, Idoko, Olubukola, Odutola, Aderonke, Ndiaye, Malick, Sahito, Shah M., Osuorah, Chidiebereh D., Manjang, Ahmed, Jarju, Sheikh, Bojang, Abdoulie, Roca, Anna, Secka, Ousman, Zaman, Akram, Ceesay, Lamin, Lowe-Jallow, Yamundow, Sambou, Sana, Jasseh, Momodou, Antonio, Martin, and Greenwood, Brian
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Mapping Distance Estimation Functions by Means of City Parameter Optimization.
- Author
-
Shaikh, Arifusalam and Ndiaye, Malick
- Subjects
PARAMETER estimation ,LOCATION analysis ,REGRESSION analysis ,MEAN square algorithms ,ROBUST control - Abstract
Copyright of Arabian Journal for Science & Engineering (Springer Science & Business Media B.V. ) is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Customer Allocation in Maximum Capture Problems.
- Author
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Shaikh, Arifusalam, Salhi, Said, and Ndiaye, Malick
- Abstract
The maximum capture (MAXCAP) model and its variants have been widely used to find the maximum capture that a firm can get as it enters a spatial market where there are already existing (competitor's) facilities. While the model obtains the optimal demand capture, it however allows the customers to be assigned to the non-closest facility which may incur additional operating costs. A two stage method can be used that overcomes the drawback of the original model while requiring a negligible extra computational effort. To make the original model mathematically self contained and more concise two revised formulations of the problem RMAXCAP-1 and RMAXCAP-2 are proposed which assure that the customers patronize only their closest entering facilities. These models are tested on different sizes of datasets and their performances are compared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Improved Acacia senegal Growth after Inoculation with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi under Water Deficiency Conditions.
- Author
-
Ndiaye, Malick, Cavalli, Eric, Manga, Anicet Georges Bruno, and Diop, Tahir Abdoulaye
- Published
- 2011
39. A branch-and-cut method for the obnoxious p-median problem.
- Author
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Belotti, Pietro, Labbé, Martine, Maffioli, Francesco, and Ndiaye, Malick
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. PARTNERSHIPS IN THE EDUCATION SYSTEM OF SENEGAL.
- Author
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Ndiaye, Malick
- Subjects
PARTNERSHIPS in education ,EDUCATIONAL cooperation ,EDUCATION policy ,EDUCATION - Abstract
The article provides an overview of the partnerships in the education system of Senegal. It offers information on the country's educational policies. The problems besetting the country's education system are identified. The role of the various partners in the country's education system, including the trade unions, the press, school parents, teachers, local authorities, grassroots community organizations, technical and financial partners and non-governmental organizations are discussed.
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Epidemiology of Pertussis in a West African Community before and after Introduction of a Widespread Vaccination Program.
- Author
-
Préziosi, Marie-Pierre, Yam, Abdoulaye, Wassilak, Steven G. F., Chabirand, Laurence, Simaga, Aminata, Ndiaye, Malick, Dia, Marème, Dabis, François, and Simondon, François
- Subjects
WHOOPING cough ,EPIDEMIOLOGY ,VACCINATION ,IMMUNIZATION ,PREVENTION of communicable diseases - Abstract
The control of pertussis remains a worldwide concern. Little has been documented about its epidemiology in Africa. The authors have studied pertussis in a prospective cohort of children in a rural West African community over a 13-year period comprising time before and after introduction of a vaccination program. Children under age 15 years who were residents of the Niakhar study area in Senegal were followed prospectively between January 1984 and December 1996 for the occurrence of pertussis. Morbidity and mortality rates were extremely high before the launch of immunization. Crude incidence was 183 per 1,000 child-years at risk under age 5 years, with a 2.8% case-fatality rate. After the introduction of the vaccination program, overall incidence dropped rapidly and dramatically—by 27% after 3 years and 46% after 6 years. The decline in incidence involved all age groups but was most substantial in the group under age 5 years and was particularly pronounced in unvaccinated infants. The median age of acquisition of the disease rose steadily with population vaccine coverage. This study shows the tremendous magnitude of the disease burden in children and the rapid decline after vaccination, and it suggests a strong herd-immunity effect. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Efficient Dynamic Cost Scheduling Algorithm for Financial Data Supply Chain.
- Author
-
Al Sadawi, Alia, Shamayleh, Abdulrahim, and Ndiaye, Malick
- Subjects
SUPPLY chains ,SERVICE level agreements ,BATCH processing ,PARALLEL algorithms ,SCHEDULING ,ALGORITHMS - Abstract
The financial data supply chain is vital to the economy, especially for banks. It affects their customer service level, therefore, it is crucial to manage the scheduling of the financial data supply chain to elevate the efficiency of banking sectors' performance. The primary tool used in the data supply chain is data batch processing which requires efficient scheduling. This work investigates the problem of scheduling the processing of tasks with non-identical sizes and different priorities on a set of parallel processors. An iterative dynamic scheduling algorithm (DCSDBP) was developed to address the data batching process. The objective is to minimize different cost types while satisfying constraints such as resources availability, customer service level, and tasks dependency relation. The algorithm proved its effectiveness by allocating tasks with higher priority and weight while taking into consideration customers' Service Level Agreement, time, and different types of costs, which led to a lower total cost of the batching process. The developed algorithm proved effective by testing it on an illustrative network. Also, a sensitivity analysis is conducted by varying the model parameters for networks with different sizes and complexities to study their impact on the total cost and the problem under study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Genotype-Environment Interaction: Trade-Offs between the Agronomic Performance and Stability of Dual-Purpose Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) Genotypes in Senegal.
- Author
-
Ndiaye, Malick, Adam, Myriam, Ganyo, Komla Kyky, Guissé, Aliou, Cissé, Ndiaga, and Muller, Bertrand
- Subjects
GENOTYPE-environment interaction ,SORGHUM ,GENOTYPES ,SORGHUM farming ,BIOMASS production ,GRAIN yields ,SOIL fertility - Abstract
Introducing sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) genotypes into new environments is necessary for expanding the production of food and fuel, but these efforts are complicated by significant genotype × environment interactions that can reduce their effectiveness. This study set out to thoroughly analyze genotype × environment interactions and assess trade-offs between the agronomic performance and the stability of grain and biomass yields of ten contrasting genotypes under Sudano-Sahelian conditions. Experiments were carried out in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. They were conducted from 2013 to 2016 in Bambey, Sinthiou Malem and Nioro du Rip in Senegal. The joint analysis of variance revealed a highly significant effect (p < 0.0001) of genotypes (G), environments (E) and G × E interaction. Most genotypes showed specific adaptations. The best grain yields were obtained by the Nieleni and Fadda hybrids, while the improved varieties IS15401 and SK5912 were best for biomass production. An Additive Main effect and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) analysis showed that good grain yields were associated with environments having good soil fertility and good rainfall, while biomass yields were more influenced by the sowing date and rainfall. Similarly, we were able to confirm for our 10 sorghum genotypes that yield stability was generally associated with low performance, except for the Nieleni and Fadda hybrids, which performed well for grain and biomass production regardless of the environment. The Senegalese control genotype, 621B, showed particular susceptibility to growing conditions (soil), but remained very productive (more than 3 tons per hectare) under good agro-pedological conditions. These results lead us to recommend the Fadda and Nieleni hybrids for the entire study region, while 621B can also be recommended, but only for highly specific environments with good soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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44. Defining Fertilization Strategies for Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) Production Under Sudano-Sahelian Conditions: Options for Late Basal Fertilizer Application.
- Author
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Ganyo, Komla Kyky, Muller, Bertrand, Ndiaye, Malick, Gaglo, Espoir Koudjo, Guissé, Aliou, and Adam, Myriam
- Subjects
SORGHUM ,FERTILIZER application ,GRAIN yields ,SOIL fertility ,ENVIRONMENTAL sciences ,BIOMASS production - Abstract
Soil nutrient deficiency and rainfall variability impair the production of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L). Moench) in Sudano-Sahelian zone. The aim is to study the environmental factors that can determine the effect of fertilizer application on sorghum grain yield and to formulate tailored fertilization strategies according to sorghum varieties (hybrid and open pollinated improved varieties) and environmental context. Field experiments were conducted during the 2015 and 2016 growing seasons in Nioro du Rip and in Sinthiou Malème (Senegal). In a randomized complete block design arranged in a split-plot with four replications, three factors were tested: sorghum genotype (G: Fadda, Faourou, Soumalemba and Soumba with different cycle lengths), environment (E: irrigation and rainfed, different soil types and fertility levels), and fertilization management (M: five different combinations of application dose and application time) including T1 = no fertilizer applied; T2 (recommended practice, 100%) = 150 kg/ha of NPK (15-15-15) at emergence + 50 Kg/ha of urea (46%) at tillering + 50 kg/ha of urea at stem extension; T3 = 50% T2; T4 (100% delay) = 150 kg/ha of NPK +50 kg/ha of urea at stem extension +50 kg/ha of urea at heading ; T5 = 50% T4. Results showed that: (i) in most environments, stressed plants under late application treatments (T4 and T5) recovered biomass once the fertilizer was applied (ii); grain yield with T5 was higher than with T4 under well-watered conditions (sufficient and well distributed rainfall and eventual complementary irrigations) ; (iii) Fadda, a hybrid, responded differently to fertilization than the other varieties only for biomass production, (iv) late fertilizer application treatment (T4) gave higher grain yield than the recommended practice (T2) in the environment with low yield potential, and (v) long cycle duration genotypes benefited better from late fertilization compared to short cycle duration genotypes. This study showed that under Sudano-Sahelian conditions late fertilization of sorghum can be beneficial to grain yield if the rainy season has a slow start, depending on sorghum genotypes (i.e., cycle length), and on the initial N content of the soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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