Search

Sustainable innovation practice is an important step to survive globally in a competitive environment for an economy or business commuity. This study aimed to provide comprehensive insights into sustainable innovation research. To this end, we conducted a citation-based systematic literature review (SLR) to identify evolving trends in sustainable innovation research. We reviewed 747 articles from the major database from 1998 to 2019 to identify an influential journals, authors, articles and trends of keywords. We also performed content analysis (CA) of the most influential articles to identify research attributes, such as sustainable innovation concepts, unit of analysis, data, method, and research themes. We synthesised and interpreted the results of both the SLR and CA to formulate future research directions. The paper reveals that out of various themes, the sustainable business model (SBM) has been the most focused area within the top-100 most influential paper, implying that the SBM is a critical challenge for sustainable innovation practices and quality management. Such a finding is useful for future researchers to understand current trends and explore existing gaps in sustainable innovation research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing gender equality and enhancing women empowerment through work opportunities are the important steps in achieving sustainable development. The aim of this paper is threefold: (1) to empirically examine the relationship between women economic rights and economic growth for the global sample. (2) To explore whether the effect of women's economic rights is different across different economies. (3) This paper uses spatial econometric techniques to examine the impact of women's economic rights on neighbouring countries. For empirical purpose, we use the data for 171 countries over the period 1960–2016. The results show that women's economic rights positively affect growth; however, the effect is heterogeneous across different economies. From spatial analysis, we confirm that 75% spillover effect of women economic rights is passing through neighbouring country. The results of this study are consistent and coherent with the EU policy about women's economic empowerment where it claims that joint effort in promoting women empowerment by all actors could lead to sustainable development and growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current society, institutional quality is essential to innovation activity, as formal and informal institutions have a positive impact on innovation. Formal institutional quality establishes the intellectual property rights culture that lowers the transaction costs, required to stimulate the innovation process. Strengthen informal institutions inseminate mutual trust and cooperation, necessary to share the previous knowledge, which is mandatory to invent new ideas. Thus, this study aims to investigate the effect of formal and informal institutions and their indicators on innovation activities. We construct the indices to measure the quality of formal and informal institutions using data on 73 countries for the period 1981–2014. The system GMM estimation technique is used to predict the performance of formal and informal institutions on innovation activities. Besides, this study estimates the effect of each indicator of formal as well as informal institutions on innovations after controlling for FDI, human capital, trade and government size. The hypotheses of positive effects of formal and informal institutional quality is accepted. The size of the effect of different indicators of institutions are varying. The results are robust across developed and developing countries. From a policy perspective, this study suggests that more focused monitoring of institutions is required to improve their quality that ultimately effects innovation activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study has investigated the connection between peace and performance of Pakistan's export sector. The interstates conflicts, terrorist activities and war elements disturb the industry supply chain, damage the means of transportation, and increase the security measures and regulations, which make trade more expensive. On the other hand, encouragement of the peace process lowers military conflicts, promotes diplomatic cooperation, and hence trade among the nations. The purpose of the study is to test whether domestic peace in Pakistan relative to its trading partners promotes its exports. For empirical analysis, we use panel data for Pakistan and its 26 trading partners in export over the period 2007–2018. After controlling the impacts of economic size, market size, infrastructure, and exchange rate, we found that peace in Pakistan relative to its trading partners is important to promote its export sector, which is directly linked with local industries and the wellbeing of individuals. The economic size and market size of the exporting nations relative to Pakistan also positively contributed towards the exports. The depreciation of Pakistan's exporting countries' currencies relative to its currency lowers the volume of exports. Besides, it is also observed that a major portion of Pakistan's exports is routed in a specific region or few countries. Therefore, it is suggested that the government should take active measures to reduce the internal as well as external conflicts, terrorists' attacks, and war elements to promote the volume of exports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of infrastructure in poverty alleviation remains ambiguous due to weak institutions in developing countries. Considering spatial dependence, this study provides empirical evidence on the role of rural infrastructure in poverty alleviation using district-wise data of Pakistan. Results indicate positive direct as well as spatial spillover effects of financial infrastructure and female education infrastructure while positive direct effects of energy infrastructure are observed. The insignificant role of health and transportation infrastructure in poverty alleviation is a matter of serious concern. From a policy point of view, allocation of sufficient financial resources, improvement of female education infrastructure in rural areas and reformulation of health and transportation policies should be priority steps for poverty alleviation. An adverse effect of male education infrastructure on poverty reduction is detected, which needs further exploration. Adverse spillover effects of water and sanitation infrastructure on poverty may suggest the authorities to revise the implementation procedure of National Sanitation and Drinking Water Policy. The analysis might be relevant to the South Asian region due to homogeneous economic development. Moreover, the study provides evidence informing the debate on balanced regional development in developing countries with a particular focus on high and medium level of poverty clusters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the relationship between daily returns of oil and ten European industrial equity indices for the period 2008–2017 using the spatial econometric technique. In our settings, the historical co-movements of sectoral returns are incorporated while modelling the contemporaneous relationships between oil and European sectoral returns. After controlling for regional and global equity risk factors, we find that oil returns pose a significantly positive effect on sectoral indices' returns in line with previous studies. However, the magnitude of economic impact found mostly by earlier studies was largely underestimated without considering the co-movements of sectoral indices. The use of spatial econometric technique allowed us to disaggregate the total impact into a direct (due to oil price) and an indirect (due to spillover effect because of intra-industry co-movements) effect of oil price changes. Our results indicate that the direct economic impact of changes in oil prices on industrial returns is almost 31% more than what has been found by earlier studies. The negative spatial dependence among sectoral indices provides a useful tool to identify the source of the indirect impact of oil on overall equity prices in Europe that in turn explains the overestimation of direct impact by 31%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the effect of peace on the bilateral trade flows of Pakistan under the framework of the gravity model. Specifically, we tested the impact of peace (using the Global Peace Index) in Pakistan relative to its 26 trading partners on trade flows from 2007 to 2018. Using system GMM estimation procedure that takes care of endogeneity issues, this study shows that the standard gravity model does not hold in the case of Pakistan. Therefore, it is important to investigate whether the peace in Pakistan and its trading partner promotes trade in the regions. Furthermore, the results indicate that a rise in the prevalence of peace in Pakistan relative to its trading nation has significantly and positively contributed to its trade flows. Besides, development of infrastructure improves trade flow due to low transportation cost. From a policy perspective, reducing conflict and promoting peace will further encourage neighboring countries to enhance trade relations, which will be beneficial for the whole region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the relationship between women empowerment and income inequality. In particular, we examine whether empowering women in terms of raising their political, social and economic rights reduce income inequality. Furthermore, this paper also sheds light on the effects of women empowerment on income inequality in different economies characterized by income differences. Using data for 134 countries from 1945 to 2015, we estimate a panel data model with treatment for endogeneity, controlling for savings rate, arable land rate and age-dependency ratio. Our results indicate that women empowerment in all three aspects (social, political and economic) plays an important role in reducing income inequality. This effect is more prominent in lower-middle and upper-middle income countries and is robust to different measures of inequality and women empowerment, and an alternative estimation technique that takes care of endogeneity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study empirically examines the impact of institutional quality, social inclusion and digital inclusion on inclusive growth across different economies characterized by different income groups. Particularly, the study examines the impact of institutions on inclusive growth by using the panel data for 83 countries over the period 2010–2017. For empirical specification, we used two-steps system-GMM estimation technique to tackle endogeneity and min–max normalized indexing technique to construct the indices for inclusive growth, social inclusion, digital inclusion and institutional quality. The results of this study show that there is a direct link between institutional quality and inclusive growth for a higher-income group of countries but not in the rest of the income groups. Contribution of social and digital inclusivity is significant in all three income groups, except for social inclusion in middle-income countries. From the policy point of view, these findings suggest that establishing and strengthening the institutional structure in low- and middle-income countries can contribute towards better and higher inclusive growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the relationship between attitudes toward migrants and social integration. Specifically, we consider two types of migration flow: migration flow from EU countries and migration flow from non-EU countries. The aims of this paper are twofold: (1) we want to understand whether an inclusive attitude towards migrants can contribute to their efforts to integrate with the receiving society (2) we want to understand whether the potential impact is the same across different migrant groups (EU vs. non-EU). Using data from 33 mainly European countries over the period 2003–2016 and controlling for common integration determinants such as inflation, foreign direct investment and educational attainment, our results indicate that there is a significant positive relationship between inclusive and good attitude toward migrants and social integration. We also in the robustness sections, identify that the size of this impact differs across different subcomponents of attitudes and integration, these results are robust to alternative estimation techniques that take cares of endogeneity (System GMM, 2SLS, and Lewbel 2SLS). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents a citation‐based systematic literature review on banking sector performance, particularly in terms of profitability, productivity, and efficiency. Specifically, the study aims to identify the leading sources of knowledge in terms of the most influential journals, authors, and papers. The paper presents a content analysis of the 100 most cited papers. In total, 1996 peer‐review papers were found relevant in the Scopus database by using a comprehensive list of keywords. The results show that the Journal of Banking & Finance appears to be the leading journal in terms of publication count and citations. Based on total citations, Allen Berger is the most prolific author. The most cited paper is "Problem loans and cost efficiency in commercial banks" by Allan Berger and Robert DeYoung. The content analysis of the top 100 papers identifies five essential themes: determinants of efficiency, methodology, ownership, financial crises, and scale economies. In terms of estimation approaches, 74% of papers employed frontier analysis, which includes 34% parametric and 40% nonparametric methods, and remaining 26% have used financial ratio analysis. Additionally, stochastic frontier and data envelopment analysis are widely used in parametric and nonparametric methods, respectively. An intermediate approach is extensively adopted for the specification of inputs and outputs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to simultaneously investigate whether the active labour market programmes (ALMPs) and the imposition of benefit sanctions help unemployed insured workers in Denmark to find a job sooner than those who do not get any activation. Earlier studies have modelled ALMPs and benefit sanctions separately, which may have resulted in over- or underestimation of the true effect. As part of our empirical methodology, we used a multivariate mixed proportional hazard model and optimally selected the number of support points for the specification of unobserved heterogeneity distribution in our sample. Our results revealed that the impositions of both benefit sanctions and employment subsidies in the private sector have a positive impact on reducing unemployment duration. Some policy implications are drawn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the relationship between social inclusions of migrant and income inequality. Both positive and negative impacts of social inclusion on income inequality have been observed in the previous literature. This study specifically considers two types of migration flow: migration flow from EU and migration flow from non‐EU. The aim of this article is twofold: 1) is there a strong association between social inclusion of migrants and income inequality, 2) is there any different impact of social inclusion of two types of migrants (EU vs non‐EU)? Using data from 33 mainly European countries over the period 2003‐2015 and controlling for savings rate, arable land rate and age‐dependency ratio, our results indicate that there is a significant negative relationship between social inclusion and income inequality. In particular, we find that social inclusion from non‐EU migrants significantly reduces income inequality compare with EU migrants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the effect of structural change on the process of labour productivity convergence at different levels of data aggregations (regions, industries, countries), which is also known as hierarchical convergence analysis in the recent literature. Different forms of structural changes have occurred in the European Union, for instance, variations in the share of employment in different industries, variations in the demand pattern and variations in trade patterns and advancement in technology, which may have an influence on the nature of convergence. Earlier studies on convergence have neglected the effect of the structural change, which may have resulted in different conclusion about the convergence. Based on the results, the study found that the nature of convergence changes after considering the effect of the structural change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This article analyses differences in dynamic transitions into and out of any of the five hourly wage quintiles and quintile zero (unemployed and non‐employed people) between immigrants and natives for the period 1993‐2004. Using Longitudinal Level data from Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID) for men aged 25 to 55, we investigate how unobserved heterogeneity factors and initial conditions may affect individuals’ propensity to stay in or leave any of the wage quintiles. We also consider a dynamic multinomial logit model with the random effects approach. Empirical results show that state dependence exists in all hourly wage quintiles. Moreover, education, experience, marital status, immigrant minority status, and age at immigration are significant factors determining hourly wage differentials between immigrants and natives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the reasons behind low penetration of Islamic banking in Pakistan. Specifically, the study investigates the differentiation of Islamic banks (IBs) from conventional banks, the role of religion in choosing Islamic banking and the perception of IBs amongst the consumers.Design/methodology/approach The study uses a mixed-method approach, qualitative research along with a survey of users of conventional and Islamic banking. Factor analysis identified underlying dimensions and cluster analysis ascertained the differences between users and non-users of Islamic banking. Inferential statistics were used to test purported hypotheses.Findings The study finds that the users and non-users both perceive that Islamic banking is not completely interest-free. Furthermore, consumers presume that IBs are more of eyewash and are not truly practicing Islamic banking. Moreover, religion is not a major factor that attracts new users but there are also other important factors in marketing Islamic banking, such as service quality, convenience, branch network, etc.Originality/value This is one of the sparse studies in the field of Islamic banking consumer behaviour, which uses focus groups of users and non-users, and in-depth interviews of experts, to identify the issues and factors considered relevant and important by the users rather than relying only on literature review. Furthermore, it also provides a profile of users versus non-users of Islamic banking which is very useful for segmentation and targeting of customers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the relationship between different religious groups and income inequality. In particular, we examine whether different religious groups (Christianity, Islam, Judaism and Buddhism) have an impact on income inequality in a global perspective. Furthermore, this paper also sheds light on the effects of major religious sub-groups (Christianity and Islam) on income inequality. Using data for 130 countries from 1970 to 2013, we estimate a panel data model, controlling for religious beliefs, savings rate, arable land rate and age-dependency ratio. Our results indicate that religion plays an important role in explaining income inequality. In particular, we found that Islam and Judaism reduce income inequality while in general, Christianity and Buddhism increases inequality. However, the effects from sub-groups of Christianity on inequality are mixed; in particular, Anglican and Orthodox significantly reduce inequality while the effect from Catholic and Protestant is opposite. These findings are robust to different measures of inequality and alternative estimation techniques that take care of endogeneity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The remarkable evolution of low-cost carriers (LCC's) in Europe has been subject to intensive discussions in recent years. Approaching industry maturity has revealed strategic errors among many airlines and caused several markets to exit. Various carriers have ended up in hybrid positions while trying to differentiate in order to remain competitive. This paper occupies with the role of strategies in the airline industry and assesses the level of deviation from the original low-cost model amongst European LCC's. Synthesizing existing research and literature provides evidence that LCC's adapting full-service network carrier characteristics perform worse than strict low-cost adherers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Regional Studies is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[1,2] are two highly cited studies on the relationship between energy and development. These are two seminal empirical papers touching upon the notions of causation and correlation , respectively, as far as energy economics is concerned. This study is a comprehensive note on these notions' interconnectedness by revisiting both studies thoroughly and globally. None of these studies has ever been revisited at a global scale to the best of our knowledge. To this end, we first review deeper conceptual and philosophical concerns towards causation and correlation for making a clear distinction between true and spurious causation/correlation. We then develop a novel method to exclude spurious measures from the true ones. We also statistically test several hypotheses regarding the relationship between energy use and wealth creation as captured by income groups. We could not confirm a definite consistency in pair-wise causation between energy and welfare variables at the country levels and across distinct estimation periods. Nor could we denote any strong correlation between energy variables and wealth creation. Causation results are not surprising as previous studies asserted similar remarks. However, this study firmly says that these are mainly due to the circularity and non-linearity of the inter-relationships between energy and welfare variables over time, as new institutions might influence development processes. • Analysis of energy-welfare nexus by interconnected causation & correlation notions. • Making a novel distinction between spurious and true causation/correlation. • Identifying significant numbers of spuriosity and illusions in observed measures. • Rejecting any significant difference in correlation coefficient across income groups. • Revealing the cyclical dynamics of energy-welfare nexus through transition-matrices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study provide a bibliometric-based systematic literature review of academic research on the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC). The main aim is to identify the leading sources of knowledge in terms of the most influential journals, articles, and authors. Furthermore, a thorough content analysis of the 100 most influential papers is provided for identifying the important research attributes, such as the characteristics of data, methodologies, and major findings. The study identifies 1654 articles on EKC from Scopus-Indexed journals. Ecological Economics is the leading journal based on total citations (15,452), h_index (59), and the g_index (94). The most cited article in terms of total citations belongs to Stern, D. I. entitled "The rise and fall of the EKC curve", published in World Development in 2004. From the content analysis of 100 papers, we find that 66% used panel data. Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square (FMOLS) and Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) models are the most popular methodologies used in EKC studies so far. CO2 emission is a widely used variable to measure environmental degradation. The majority of the studies have confirmed inverted U-shaped EKC for both panel and time-series studies. The Granger causality results show that income Granger causes environmental degradation. For future direction, it would be interesting to investigate EKC hypotheses against a wider nature-economy nexus that could better explain the sources and causes of change in the type of such nexus. Additionally, adequate and appropriate exogenous variables that could explain external shocks into the nature-economy nexus. • This study offers a bibliometric-based systematic literature review and content analysis on the Environmental Kuznets Curve. • The study identifies 1,654 articles on EKC from Scopus-Indexed journals. • CO2 emission is a widely used variable to measure environmental degradation. • The average turning point of the Kuznets curve is at 9,260 USD (per capita). • The majority of the studies have confirmed inverted U-shaped EKC for both panel and time-series studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many structural changes have occurred in the European Union countries, for example, there have been changes in sectoral employment share, in the demand of goods due to technology, in trade patterns and in technology. These structural changes may affect the process of convergence. Most of the existing studies on convergence have ignored the role of structural change, which may have resulted in different conclusion. This study considers the role of structural change in testing labour productivity convergence and its speed at the country, region and industry levels simultaneously. The results show that conditional convergence exists at country, regional and industry levels. However, speed of convergence is different across different aggregation levels. Convergence speed at the regional levels is faster than at the country and industry levels. Furthermore, if we do not incorporate structural change, convergence speed may be over- or underestimated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study tries to explore the impact of trade openness on the total factor productivity growth in a panel of 94 countries for the period of 1964 to 2003. First, we calculate the total factor productivity growth rates by the growth accounting technique. Second, we estimate the relation between trade openness and the total factor productivity with two different specifications, one without country size and the other with country size. To control for expected heterogeneity in the sample countries, the analysis is carried out separately for the comprehensive sample (all countries) and three subgroups based on the income. Our empirical findings, without country size, suggest that total factor productivity growth is positively affected by trade openness for the comprehensive sample and also its three sub-groups of countries. Further, we also find that the magnitude of the trade impact on productivity growth is the highest for middle-income group of countries than low- and high-income group of countries. Results with country size suggests that country size itself, is not an important variable in describing the productivity growth, but it helps in capturing the true marginal effect of trade openness of the productivity growth. The impact of openness is stronger with country size for the comprehensive, middle and high group of income. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the dynamic transitions of self-employment in four states of the Canadian labour market (paid-employment, self-employment, unemployment, and being out of the labour force) by answering three core questions: (1) What are the determinants of the transitions into and out of the four labour market states? (2) Are the probabilities of transitions between immigrants and natives significantly different, and if so, are they due to entry–exit rate gaps between immigrants and natives? (3) What are the proportions of spurious and structural state dependence in the labour market states of immigrants and natives? Our analysis was based on longitudinal data from Canada's Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID) for males aged 25 to 55 for the period 1993 to 2004. Our results revealed that immigrants rather than natives are relatively more likely to be self-employed during the unemployment period. The findings also confirmed that males with positive investment income or wealth tended to be largely self-employed. From a policy perspective, the government provision of financial support towards self-employment positively benefits natives in seeking self-employment opportunities. Government policies to lessen labour market discrimination promotes the self-employment of immigrants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]