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Background: New-onset diabetes after transplantation (NODAT) is a serious complication which runs the risk of infections, morbidity and mortality. Objective: To evaluate M235T and T174M polymorphisms of angiotensinogen gene along with some demographic and clinical factors including age; sex; body mass index (BMI); model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score; prednisolone, mycophenolate mofetil and tacrolimus dose; and serum level in NODAT among liver recipients. Methods: In this study 115 patients (53 with and 62 without NODAT) who had no history of diabetes before the transplantation were investigated. Furthermore, 80 randomly selected apparently healthy people (no transplantation) were used as the control group. Two angiotensinogen polymorphisms (M235T and T174M) were studied using polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Results: Patients included 68 (59.1%) females and 47 (40.9%) males; they had a mean±SD age of 37.4±16.9 years. The M allele frequency was 55.7% (n=128) in M235T and 20.0% (n=46) in T174M polymorphisms. Binary logistic regression analysis confirmed that age (p=0.005), prednisolone dose (p<0.001) and mutated M235T polymorphism (p=0.003) were independent risk factors. Conclusion: Presence of M235T T allele may significantly (p<0.001) increase the NODAT risk, and increase the likelihood of developing end-stage liver disease (p=0.003). T174M T allele had a significantly (p=0.007) higher frequency in NODAT group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dogs are a major reservoir for zoonotic infections. Dogs transmit several viral and bacterial diseases to humans. Zoonotic diseases can be transmitted to human by infected saliva, aerosols, contaminated urine or feces and direct contact with the dog. Viral infections such as rabies and norovirus and bacterial infections including Pasteurella, Salmonella, Brucella, Yersinia enterocolitica, Campylobacter, Capnocytophaga, Bordetella bronchiseptica, Coxiella burnetii, Leptospira, Staphylococcus intermedius and Methicillin resistance staphylococcus aureus are the most common viral and bacterial zoonotic infections transmitted to humans by dogs. This review, focused on the mentioned infectious diseases by describing general information, signs and symptoms, transmission ways, prevention and treatment of the infection. As far as the infections are concerned, the increase of the knowledge and the awareness of dog owners and the general population regarding zoonotic infections could significantly mitigate zoonoses transmission and consequently their fatal complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on the frequency of the highly functional mutations of genes coding required for metabolizing enzymes has shown significant ethnic variations. However, few studies, if any, have examined the frequency distribution of major allelic variations in the context of Iran. In this regard, the present study focused on the genotype profile of Southern Iranians in order to compare allele frequencies of their CYP3A5 and P2Y12 ( T744C) which have been shown to have roles in metabolizing clopidogrel, with those of other populations. Therefore, genotyping was carried out on 112 unrelated individuals by PCR-RFLP. The CYP3A5*3 allele was found in 185 persons with allelic frequency 0.82, which is the most common allele among Caucasians (90-95%). The frequency of 82% is different from other Caucasians (90-94%), Indians (67%), Vietnam (67%) and Africans (15%). but lower than frequency in Chinese populations (74%) and Korean (76%). The allele frequency of the −744T (4%) is different from frequencies of Caucasian, American, Chinese, Korean, and Subsahara population. This study confirmed significant inter-ethnic differences in CYP3A5 and P2Y12 frequencies between Iranians and other ethnic groups. The results of this study will be useful for clinical pharmacokinetic investigations and drug dosage recommendations especially antiplatelet drugs such as Clopidogrel, for Iranians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We generalise the concept of catenary rings to modules. We call an A-module M catenary if for each pair of prime submodules K and L of M with K ⊂ L all saturated chains of prime submodules of M from K to L have a common finite length. We show that any finitely generated module over a PID is catenary and also being catenary is a local property. Moreover, we prove that when A is a one dimensional Noetherian domain, then A is a Dedekind domain if and only if every finitely generated torsion-free A-module is catenary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]