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Copyright of International Forestry Review is the property of Commonwealth Forestry Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The comprehensive compressive sampling method is indeed a path breaking approach in the field of wideband DSA networks. The block samples of cognitive radio spectrum used for intelligent spectrum allocation based on respective block weights. Reconstruction of the available spectrum is the designating factor of compressive sampling and which acts as the backbone of the cognitive radio architecture. The wideband spectrum sensing is the trending research area in the field of communication. A significant amount of research work has been done in the past decade which enables the wideband spectrum recovery by utilizing the comprehensive compressive sampling at sub-Nyquist rates. In practical, the wideband spectrum is not heterogeneous as each band has its occupancy pattern and, the applications with criteria's often allocate the same bock spectrum and, this development makes the wideband spectrum as heterogeneous. As discussed, in our proposed method, the core idea is taking the wideband spectrum as the heterogeneous which helps to exploit the block like structures and, these structures helps to design the effective compressive spectrum sensing methods that are well accommodated for heterogeneous wideband spectrum. The recovery spectrum by the weighted based recovery algorithm is more stable and robust when compared to the conventional algorithms. The recovery spectrum by the weighted based recovery algorithm is more stable and robust when compared to the conventional algorithms. The proposed method is profound to show variations in the occupancy both in terms of time and frequency dimensions. Finally, the biggest and the significant achievement of this paper is recovering the unused frequencies smaller number of sensing measurements when compared to the traditional state of art methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To analyze and compare the angular and linear hard tissue cephalometric measurements using hand-tracing and computerized tracings with Nemoceph and Dolphin software systems. Subjects and Methods: A total of 30 cephalograms were randomly chosen for study with the following criteria, cephalograms of patients with good contrast, no distortion, and minimal radiographic artifacts were considered using the digital method (Kodak 8000 C) with 12 angular and nine linear parameters selected for the study. Comparisons were determined by post-hoc test using Tukey HSD method. The N-Par tests were performed using Kruskal-Walli's method. Statistical Analysis Used: ANOVA and post-hoc. Results: The results of this study show that there is no significant difference in the angular and linear measurements recorded. The P values were significant at 0.05 levels for two parameters, Co-A and Co-Gn with the hand-tracing method. This was significant in ANOVA and post-hoc test by Tukey HSD method. Conclusions: This study of comparison provides support for transition from digital hand to computerized tracing methodology. In fact, digital computerized tracings were easier and less time consuming, with the same reliability irrespective of each method of tracing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Three-dimensional control throughout the orthodontic treatment is essential for uncompromised results. Mini screws introduced for orthodontic anchorage has given the clinician an option of absolute three dimensional control. The purpose of this study was to compare and measure the vertical control and torque control of incisors and molar during enmass retraction with titanium microimplants and conventional molar anchorage. Material and Methods: Twenty patients were selected with extraction of all first premolars and bonded with 0.022"slot MBT system. After aligning and leveling, all subjects were placed with 0.019"× 0.025"posted SS wire with standardized torquing curve. The 20 subjects were randomly divided into 2 groups consisting of 10 each (Group A & Group B). Group A subjects, implants were placed and Group B formed the control group. Retraction was carried out using NiTi closed coil springs. The assessment of the vertical and torque control of incisors and tipping and vertical control of molars was done by radiographic method using lateral cephalogram taken before and after retraction. Results: The torque control of incisors, P11 value in group A and B indicated no significant difference. The molar tip, P12 value in group A indicated that there was distal tipping of molars while the P12 in group B indicated mesial tipping. On vertical plane P21, P22 and P23 values in Group A indicated that there was intrusion of incisors and molars while value in Group B indicated extrusion of incisors and molars. Conclusion: Three dimensional control is better in the implant group compared to the non implant group. Therefore the implant group definitely has citied advantages over conventional method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three evaporative cooling (EC) systems viz., mud pot in pot, almirah cooler, coir pith cooler were designed, developed and fabricated at Indian Institute of Horticultural Research (IIHR), Bangalore and the performance was evaluated during winter season. The almirah cooler and coir pith cooler were fabricated using MS angle 60 x 60 x 60 cm and partition was made vertically for every 15 cm height. Two water troughs were designed and made up of GI sheet, one which was kept on the top of the EC system and another at the bottom to collect the water. Different insulation materials viz., sand, jute cloth, coir pith were used to know the performance of EC systems. Temperature and relative humidity are the two major factors which have direct influence in controlling the respiration and transpiration rate of the produce, the data logger was kept both inside and also at ambient to measure the temperature and relative humidity and the data were recorded. It was found that in coir pith cooler there was considerably lower temperature (3-40C) with higher relative humidity (20-30%) along with this the shelf life of the vegetables increased comparatively to other EC systems. The almirah cooler with coir pith insulation system appeared as the best system and can be used to extend the shelf life of the produce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: During fixed orthodontic therapy, when the stress levels in the periodontal ligament (PDL) exceedsan optimum level, it could lead to root resorption. Aims: To determine an apical stress incident on the maxillary central incisor during tooth movement with varying cemental and periodontal ligament thickness by Finite Element Method (FEM) modeling. Settings and Design: A three dimensional finite element model of a maxillary central incisor along with enamel, dentin, cementum, PDL and alveolar bone was recreated using EZIDCOM and AUTOCAD software. ALTAIR Hyper mesh 7.0 version was used to create the Finite Element meshwork of the tooth. This virtual model was transferred to Finite Element Analysis software, ANSYS where different tooth movements were performed. Materials and Methods: Cemental thickness at the root apex was varied from 200 µm to 1000 µm in increments of 200 µm. PDL thickness was varied as 0.24 mm and 0.15 mm. Intrusive, Extrusive, Rotation and Tipping forces were delivered to determine an apical stress for each set of parameters. Results: Results indicated that an apical stress induced in the cementum and PDL, increased with an increase in cementum and PDL thickness respectively. Apical stress induced in the cementum remained the same or decreased with an increase in the PDL thickness. Apical stress induced in the PDL decreased with an increase in the cementum thickness. Conclusion: The study concluded that the clinical delivery of an orthodontic forces will cause stress in the cementum and PDL. Hence, it is necessary to limit the orthodontic force to prevent root resorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, operational risk arising from the technological dimension is effectively modeled by efficiently forecasting software reliability. We propose the use of wavelet neural networks (WNN) to predict software reliability. Two kinds of wavelets were employed in WNN as transfer functions, viz. Morlet wavelet and Gaussian wavelet, thus giving rise to two variants of WNN. The effectiveness of WNN is demonstrated on a data set taken from literature. Its performance is compared with that of multiple linear regression, multivariate adaptive regression splines, back propagation trained neural network, threshold-accepting trained neural network, threshold accepting trained wavelet neural network, pi-sigma network, general regression neural network, dynamic evolving neuro-fuzzy inference system and TreeNet in terms of normalized root mean square error obtained on test data. Based on the experiments performed, it is observed that the WNN-based models outperformed all the other techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to review the principles of case management of impacted mandibular molars and to illustrate their potential to respond well to treatment. Although the scope of treatment may be influenced by the patient's age, past dental history, severity of impaction, dentoalveolar development, and root form, the case reports demonstrate the inherent potential for good treatment outcome even in the most unfavorable circumstances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patchouli is an important aromatic herb grown for its essential oil. Patchouli oil is found mainly in the dried leaves and a small quantity of oil is also present in the tender parts of the stem. Center for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore has developed a simple batch type tray drier popularly known as ASTRA Model Agricultural Waste Based Crop Dryer based on the principle of a fuel efficient wood stove. The dryer was fired by using agricultural waste like wood briquettes. The fresh patchouli herbage required about 14 h of drying time to dry from an initial moisture content of 80%(wb) to a final moisture content of 11-12% (wb)in ASTRA Dryer. The mean essential oil yield was 2.24 per cent in samples dried in ASTRA Dryer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the use of face mask therapy as an appliance of choice to treat skeletal class III malocclusion and patients with maxillary hypoplasia and provide direct transmission of orthopaedic force to the circummaxillary suture.