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This study investigates the application of the mind-mapping learning model to enhance children's writing skills. Conducted over two weeks during the 2022/2023 academic year at a school in Medan, North Sumatra, the research employed a quantitative experimental design. The study population included 106 children aged 3-8 years, with samples systematically selected from two classes. Data collection involved observation sheets to assess student engagement and activity levels. Statistical tests ensured data validity and reliability, with normality tests (Kolmogorov- Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk) revealing normal and non-normal distributions and homogeneity tests confirming data uniformity. The t-test results indicated a significant positive impact of mind mapping on writing skills (Sig. = 0.000; t = 24.810). These findings suggest that mind mapping in early education can significantly enhance writing abilities, improving academic performance and cognitive development. The implications are substantial for educational practice, advocating for integrating mind mapping into teaching methods and supporting teacher training programs. Despite limitations such as a small sample size and potential sampling bias, this study provides a foundation for further research. Future studies should involve larger samples to validate these results and explore additional applications of mind mapping in educational settings, aiming to refine and enhance teaching strategies for early childhood education. Additionally, educational policymakers should consider integrating innovative teaching strategies like mind mapping to improve academic outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study was performed to investigate the pattern of condylar pressure distribution in the discs of a patient diagnosed with disc displacement without reduction. Materials and Methods: This research consisted of a pre- and post-test observational clinical study. A patient diagnosed with disc displacement without reduction underwent treatment with an occlusal splint for 3 months. Finite element analysis employed a 3-dimensional model constructed from magnetic resonance images of the patient, taken both before the application of the splint and 3 months after its use. Results: The post-test model demonstrated a decrease in condylar pressure on the disc, with measurements dropping to 72 MPa from the pre-test level of 143 MPa. In the pre-test, the pressure distribution pattern was concentrated on the lateral posterior border, whereas in the post-test, it shifted toward the intermediate zone of the disc. Conclusion: Utilization of a stabilization splint for 3 months resulted in decreased pressure and a marked change in the pressure distribution pattern on the temporomandibular disc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mathematics is a fundamental subject with wide-reaching importance in education, providing students with the tools to apply mathematical principles in diverse contexts. This study examines the abilities of 60 pre-service mathematics teachers (PSTs) in identifying content and context within mathematical word problems. Utilizing a case study approach, the study employed the mathematics word problems test and the content and context questionnaire. The findings reveal that PSTs generally struggle with error detection and content comprehension in mathematical word problems, as demonstrated by their inability to recognize inaccuracies in two of three test questions. The failure of PSTs to identify errors in mathematical word problems often stems from their tendency to rely solely on the solutions they obtain, without first understanding the entire question presented. In essence, they may focus on finding a solution rather than critically evaluating the problem, which can lead to the oversight of errors or inaccuracies within the problem statement itself. This study emphasizes the need for PSTs to grasp mathematical concepts and contextualize them in everyday life scenarios. Challenges were observed in linking computational results to real-world contexts. Thus, the study calls for future research in pre-service teacher education to explore strategies for enhancing critical thinking, error detection, and the integration of practical context in mathematical problemsolving. Furthermore, the study suggests that assessing the ability of PSTs to formulate problem-solving questions evaluates their capacity to answer questions and their ability to construct questions that can enhance students’ cognitive abilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Nutrition & Food Security is the property of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Nutrition & Food Security Research Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: Twenty percent of all classical Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL) cases relapse and recur, especially in advanced stages with a high International Prognostic Score (IPS). Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) is a regulatory molecule that can inhibit the immune response and is related to tumor aggressiveness. This study aimed to determine the relationship between CTLA-4 expression in advanced-stage CHL and IPS, identifying it as a potential therapy target. Results: In advanced-stage CHL, the group with a high IPS exhibited significantly higher mean CTLA-4 expression compared to the group with a low IPS (p = 0.003).The group with Hb level < 10.5 g/dl, leukocyte count > 15,000/µL, lymphocyte count < 8%, albumin level < 4 g/dl, and stage 4 exhibited higher CTLA-4 expression than the other group, although only leukocyte count and stage showed statistical significance (p = 0.004 and p = 0.020). Mean CTLA-4 expression was 239.84 ± 76.36 for nodular sclerosis, 293.95 ± 147.94 for mixed cellularity, 271.4 ± 23.56 for lymphocyte depleted, and 225.2 for lymphocyte-rich subtypes. The results suggest that CTLA-4 expression is associated with adverse prognostic factors in the IPS for advanced-stage CHL, supporting the notion that immune checkpoints play a role in cancer progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Jurnal Farmasi Komunitas is the property of Universitas Airlangga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The application of ceramic-based Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) for the treatment of tofu liquid waste presents a promising and environmentally sustainable approach. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of adding variations in substrate concentration and to determine the effect of variations in the surface area of the electrode (anode and cathode), resulting in a maximum power density value for a period of 13 days of measurement. The initial step is measuring the voltage and current with the substrate concentration without a dilution process, then the concentration variations are carried out by dilution 10 times, 8 times, 5 times, 4 times, and 2 times on ceramics with a diameter of 8 cm. The second step is measuring the voltage and current by varying the surface area of the electrodes (cathode and anode). The results of the measurements obtained that the maximum power density value obtained was 188.23 mW/m² without a dilution process, namely with a concentration of 3640 ppm for the third day. Meanwhile, the results of the measurement of the variation of the electrode surface area obtained a maximum power density value of 205.88 mW/m² on the electrode surface area of 3.57 m² for the third day. The more surface area of the electrode given at the time of measurement, the more bacteria contact the electrode, causing the resulting power density value to be even greater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Writing argumentatively is a significant aspect in acquiring knowledge and developing English language skills. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the pattern of critical thinking evident in English argumentative writing of private university students in Makassar, Indonesia. Data were specifically sourced from argumentative essays composed by fourth semester students during the academic year 2022-2023. A qualitative method incorporating content analysis was adopted to obtain an extensive elucidation and examination of the pattern observed in argumentative essays. The pattern was subsequently analyzed to generate an ideal framework for constructing persuasive arguments. The results showed that students who were part of the instructional treatment group outperformed the control group in terms of critical thinking skill as well as the skill to identify and evaluate elements of reasoning. Moreover, the treatment group showed superior writing skills and stronger organization and coherence. The integration of technology resources, such as YouTube, also had the potential to foster critical thinking skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between fear of failure and entrepreneurial intentions in students. The Entrepreneurial Intention Questionnaire (EIQ) was used to assess entrepreneurial intention, while the Performance Failure Appraisal Inventory (PFAI) was employed to evaluate the fear of failure. The study involved 288 students from various regions in Indonesia, and accidental sampling was used as the sampling technique. The analysis, using the Spearman-Rho correlation test, revealed a negative correlation between fear of failure and entrepreneurial intention (p = 0.033 (p < 0.05)), indicating that higher levels of fear of failure were associated with lower entrepreneurial intentions. Furthermore, the analysis showed that specific aspects of fear of failure, such as fear of shame and embarrassment (p = 0.016), fear of devaluing one's self-estimate (p = 0.002), and fear of having an uncertain future (p = 0.031) were significantly negatively correlated with entrepreneurial intentions. However, the fear of important others losing interest and the fear of upsetting important others showed no correlation with entrepreneurial intention. Additional analysis revealed no significant differences in entrepreneurial intention based on age and gender, but a significant difference was observed based on domicile. Fear of failure also did not show significant differences based on the age, gender, and domicile of the respondents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research examines the value underlying poetry created by artificial intelligence (AI), aiming to uncover the complex interaction of religious, philosophical, ethical, and aesthetic values presented in poetry. Eighteen poems generated by three different AI platforms were analyzed using the content analysis method to identify their social values. The results of this research demonstrate the presence of (1) religious values by revealing the AI’s ability to explore traditional and cultural barriers, highlighting themes of spirituality and faith, (2) philosophical values through the exploration of questions of human existence and the nature of reality, showing the AI's capacity to engage with deep existential themes, (3) ethical values by promoting concepts of unity, fairness, and justice, reflecting deeper humanistic perspectives and societal ideals, and (4) aesthetic values by showcasing an interest in the influence of technology and a profound admiration for the natural world's wonders, integrating modern innovation with timeless beauty. In conclusion, AI-generated poetry successfully captures a broad spectrum of human values, enriching literary traditions and intellectual discussions. This intersection of AI and poetry not only highlights technological advancements in creative fields but also opens new avenues for exploring how machines can contribute to cultural and artistic expressions, fostering a deeper understanding of the human condition and societal values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Melanin is a crucial amino acid in determining human skin and hair pigmentation. Excessive melanin production can lead to hyperpigmentation and darkening of the skin. This study aims to assess the capability of Adenostemma platyphyllum as a tyrosinase enzyme inhibitor. It predicts its anti-melanogenic activity through molecular docking with proteins involved in the melanogenesis process. The invitro approach was conducted by determining the tyrosinase enzyme inhibition capacity, while the in-silico approach involved ligand binding to target proteins from melanogenesis pathways. The highest tyrosinase inhibition capacity was observed in the ethanol extract, with values of 9.74 Kojic Acid Equivalent (KAE)/g extract (L-tyrosine) and 17.91 (KAE)/g extract (L-DOPA). Molecular docking analysis showed that the binding of eriodictyol 7-O-sophoroside (ΔG = -9.7 kcal/mol) has the best energy affinity for the PKC-β protein, genistein (ΔG = -7.5 kcal/mol) for the tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TYRP1) protein, eriodictyol 7-Osophoroside (ΔG = -10.2 kcal/mol) for the cGMP protein, vincosamide (ΔG = -7.2 kcal/mol) for the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) protein, and dicaffeoylquinic acid (ΔG = -7.4 kcal/mol) for the β-catenin protein. Based on a comparison of in-vitro and in-silico studies, melanogenesis inhibition is more potent in the PKC-β and cGMP pathways than direct tyrosinase inhibition because they exhibit lower binding energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on previous observations, a series of steps using digital image processing methods is proposed for the automatic detection and counting of islands to avoid inaccuracies from satellite imagery by leveraging moiphological properties of object The need for accurate spatial data regarding the number of islands in Indonesia is crucial for various developmental purposes. Many small islands known to have beautiful landscapes re ma in unaccounted for due to the vast territorial waters of the country, posing challenges to manual evaluation of the numbers and distributions. Remote sensing methods offer a viable solution for efficiently counting and inventorying islands. Therefore, this study aimed to detect islands in Kepulauan Seribu, located north of DKI Jakarta, through the thre shol ding-b a se d segment at ionprocess and count the total number using morphological information. The methodology applied was Object-Based Image Analysis (OBIA\including image gray-scaling, thresholding, morphological operations, connected comp one nt labeling, and region-based object counting. The results obtained showed 111 islands, compared to direct observation of image from which 104 were found, with detection accuracy of 93.27%. The discovery not only contributes valuable insights into the specific region but also serves as a basis for potentially applying digital image processing methods on a larger scale to recalculate the number of Indonesian islands. Such recalculations could play a crucial role in informing and guiding future developmental initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psoriatic lesions on the scalp, face, intertriginous, genitals, palms/soles, and nails are often delay diagnosed, hard-to-treat, and cause disability. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is one of the most frequent and significant comorbidities in psoriasis. Many studies have discovered a link between psoriasis and MetS, but none have specifically assessed the hard-to-treat psoriasis in Indonesian population. This is a multicenter study involving four dermatology referral hospitals to investigate the association between psoriasis severity that has hard-to-treat lesions with the prevalence of MetS in Jakarta, Indonesia. Data was collected from April to October 2022. The severity of 84 hard-to-treat psoriasis patients was measured by Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) scores. The participants divided into PASI score >10 (severe) and ≤ 10 (mild-moderate) groups. MetS was identified based on the modified National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. MetS was found in 64.3% of patients. Patients with a PASI score>10 had a significantly higher risk of metabolic syndrome compared to those with a score ≤ 10 (78.6% vs 50%, OR 3.667; 95% CI 1.413–9.514; p = 0.006). The prevalence of hypertension (p = 0.028), low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (p = 0.01), mean fasting blood sugar (p = 0.018), and triglyceride levels (p = 0.044) between the two groups differed significantly. This study found most frequent components of MetS were abdominal obesity, decreased levels of HDL cholesterol, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and hypertriglyceridemia respectively. Individuals with severe hard-to-treat psoriasis had a 3.67 times more likely to have MetS rather than the mild-moderate group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia is situated on the Ring of Fire, which causes a lot of earthquakes. On the 28 September 2018, there was an earthquake in Palu, Sulawesi Island, Indonesia, which was one of the strongest shakings since 1980. Surprisingly, most traditional houses in Sulawesi survived. There has been some research on adapting traditional house structures to modern residential buildings. The limited availability of wood and complicated construction make adapting wood structures to current conditions challenging. The purpose of this study is to analyze space organization in ten traditional South Sulawesi house designs. A possible evacuation route can be found through the analysis as the first space for expeditiously escaping from an earthquake. In addition, modernizing the layout of a traditional South Sulawesi house and introducing it to local people was easy since they were familiar with the design. A deep analysis of spatial organization and its interrelations can help develop realistic designs, plans, and knowledge, thus improving the quality of residential projects. A descriptive qualitative method was used as a research method. Data were collected from field observations, brief interviews, and literature reviews. In order to analyz thee data, ORA-LITE was used to redraw the data and create the charts. It was found that different cultures have different evacuation spaces, in this case the Bugis tribe and the Toraja tribe. A corridor and kitchen were the most strategically located areas that could possibly be used for evacuation. Considering the differences in culture among tribes, designing evacuation spaces based on local culture was important. A recommendation based on this finding can also be made to the government of South Sulawesi in the design of residential houses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Untreated topical infections can become chronic, posing serious health issues. Optimal skin adherence is crucial in addressing such infections. In this context, chitosan and alginate emerge as promising candidates for use as a foundation in the development of topical hydrogels. The aim of this review is to examine the literature on topical hydrogel formulations that use chitosan and alginate as foundations, specifically in the context of topical antibacterial agents. The research methodology involves a literature review by examining articles published in databases such as PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. The keywords employed during the research were "Alginate", "Chitosan", "Hydrogel", and "Antibacterial". Chitosan and alginate serve as bases in topical hydrogels to deliver various active ingredients, particularly antibacterial agents, as indicated by the search results. Both have demonstrated significant antibacterial effectiveness, as evidenced by a reduction in bacterial colony counts and an increase in inhibition zones. This strongly supports the idea that chitosan and alginate could be used together to make topical hydrogels that kill bacteria that work well. In conclusion, chitosan and alginate-based hydrogels show great potential in treating bacterial infections on the skin surface. The incorporation of chitosan and alginate into hydrogel formulations aids in retaining antibacterial agents, allowing for their gradual release over an optimal period. Therefore, hydrogels specifically formulated with chitosan and alginate have the potential to serve as a solution to address challenges in the treatment of topical bacterial infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to design a tool that can monitor moisture and light automatically and find out the performance of lettuce seeding tools that can monitor moisture and light automatically. This research is descriptive research using the type of Research and Development (R &; D) research with the Waterfall method. The variables controlled are light and moisture using soil moisture sensors and grow light. The automatic seedling tool modification process consists of 3 stages: making mechanical components, electronic comments, and functional checking and product testing. The data obtained from the sensor readings will be displayed on the LCD screen in the control box. The results showed that the seedling tool can monitor moisture when the moisture is below 60%, the pump will be on, and when the moisture is above 60%, the pump will be off, and the light produced with grow light will turn on at 06.00 to 6.00 pm every day. Researchers recommend adding moisture to every shelf, growing lights or LED sensor lights, and fans for further research based on their findings. As a consideration and reference resource addressing the current science on the manufacture and performance test of seedling tools that can monitor moisture and light automatically. incorporating the most recent ideas and information on creating and evaluating seedling equipment with automatic light and moisture monitoring. It is anticipated that this researcher will serve as a seeding industry reference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Welfare is closely related to poverty and the socio-economic disparities in a society. Based on data from the Central Bureau of Statistics, Kulon Progo in Indonesia had the highest poverty rate in the province of the Special Region of Yogyakarta; an increasing trend was observed every year from 2019 to 2021; Kulon Progo also had a low poverty line (after Gunung Kidul) compared to other regencies/cities in this province. This study aimed to classify the household welfare status in Kulon Progo in March 2021 using the K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) method. Since imbalance was found between the poor and non-poor classes, an oversampling technique was employed. Imbalanced data affect classification, particularly when predicting the results of the classification. The following oversampling techniques were employed in this study: Random Oversampling (RO), the Adaptive Synthetic (ADASYN) and the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE). It was found that, of the three techniques, RO was the most efficient with k = 5, which yielded the best performance in terms of sensitivity, specificity, the G-mean, and accuracy reaching 0.643, 0.805, 0.719, and 78.873%, respectively. Therefore, it can be concluded that the classification model performed well enough to classify household welfare status, especially among the poor (minority class). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the strategy for the revitalization of the Asta Tinggi religious tourism area by utilizing the cultural identity and creative industries in Madura, Indonesia. More specifically, the revitalization strategy considers the active collaborative involvement of the stakeholders. This study used a qualitative approach, with a phenomenological method. The primary data were obtained through field observations and in-depth interviews. Secondary data were obtained through literature references, news media, scientific documentation, pictures, and photos. This study found that the best model for the revitalization strategy of the Asta Tinggi religious tourism area must involve the Sumenep Palace family, the Asta Tinggi management unit, the private sector, local communities, and local governments. The role of the Sumenep Palace family and the management of Asta Tinggi is very important because they have the rights and authority to manage Asta Tinggi. The revitalization of this religious tourism area should be pursued by prioritizing the cultural identity of Madurese and the potential of digital-based creative industries. With this revitalization strategy model, it is hoped that Asta Tinggi can be developed as a leading religious tourism destination in Madura, Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines Indonesian early childhood education (ECE) and STEM integration, focusing on Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini. The study examines the effects, obstacles, and benefits of STEM education in Indonesian preschools using a literature analysis and empirical research. The research uses quantitative analysis and case study design to analyze teacher-student relationships, STEM instruction, and STEM's impact on ECE quality. STEM integration improves children's learning experiences, demonstrating that STEM education might help young children develop critical thinking, creativity, and problem-solving skills. Despite the potential benefits, the report notes that STEM education requires teacher training, professional development, and curriculum adaptation to incorporate STEM principles. This research emphasizes play-based learning in the Indonesian ECE system and the role of stakeholders, including educators and the government, in STEM education integration. The research provides useful insights into early childhood education and suggests STEM-based school reforms to improve quality. This work contributes to STEM education research in Indonesia and has practical implications for Southeast Asian and Pacific educators and policymakers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is common for the beginning of Ramadhan and Shawwal to cause differences. In 2022, the imkān arru’yah (visual moonsighting) Neo-MABIMS was introduced in Indonesia as an effort to unify the Islamic calendar. However, it is often compared to the hisab wujudul hilal (lunar calculation) method. This study aims to project the hilal (new moon) altitude and elongation angle after the implementation of Neo-MABIMS and compare the beginning of the month of Ramadhan and Shawwal between imkān ar-ru'yah and hisab wujudul hilal. A quantitative method was used to reveal differences between 2023 and 2031. Data was analysed using a comparative approach with the support of the Starry Night Pro Plus 6 and Accurate Hijri Calculator 2.2 applications. The results of this study show that a hilal altitude of 3° with an elongation angle greater than 6.4° was found in three periods for the beginning of Ramadhan (2023, 2029, 2030). Meanwhile, for the beginning of Shawwal, this was found in only two periods (2024 and 2031). In the comparison between imkān ar-ru’yah and hisab wujudul hilal, there will be differences marking the beginning of the month of Ramadhan in the years 2024, 2025, and 2030. Similarly, the onset of Shawwal will experience distinctions in 2023, 2026, and 2030. As a result, hisab (calculations) and ru’yah (sighting) adherents will differ on the day of celebration of Eid al Fitr to as many as three different dates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the teaching of EFL reading at a university level from teacher’s and students’ perspectives. It delved into how the participating lecturer conducted the teaching of reading. Moreover, it shared the difficulties of teaching reading and the difficulties of students in reading. In this research, the researchers used a case study. The researchers used observation and interviews to collect the data. The participants of this study are one lecturer and three students situated in a private Islamic university in Malang, Indonesia. The recruited lecturer has been teaching reading for more than 10 years. Meanwhile, the recruited students were selected because they were close to the researchers and easy to access. The findings suggest that the teaching of reading was done by making a group discussion and cooperative learning such as Think-Pair-Share and Jigsaw. Besides, the minimal access to high-quality books for students’ reading tasks is one of the difficulties in the teaching of reading. Students also found it difficult to read difficult words. Mostly, they skipped the words and struggled to look for the text's main ideas and topic sentences. Finally, based on the result of the study, it is suggested that English lecturers should use appropriate reading books and techniques, select other supplementary materials, and vary the teaching activities. Future researchers are urged to conduct more intensive research in the teaching of reading in different contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the effectiveness of reading corners in enhancing literacy among early childhood learners at Thiflah Early Childhood Education (ECE) in Aceh Besar, Indonesia. Employing a phenomenological research design with qualitative methods, this study aims to understand the subjective experiences of educators and learners about literacy enhancement strategies. The research incorporated observations, interviews, and documentation, with a focus on the role of the reading corner in fostering literacy. Results indicated significant improvements in children's engagement and comprehension in reading, writing, and arithmetic, attributed to the interactive and play-oriented learning environment. However, challenges such as insufficient resources and reliance on student teachers with limited experience were identified. The findings suggest that the reading corner approach, aligning with Indonesia's National Literacy Movement, can be a viable model for enhancing early literacy in various educational settings. The study recommends further research into the effectiveness of reading corners in diverse ECE contexts and emphasizes the need for resource enhancement and teaching methodology improvements. These insights are crucial for developing engaging, child-centric learning environments for early literacy development and overall child growth, contributing significantly to Indonesia's National Literacy Movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The demand for PV on roof installations in the household sector is increasing. In this paper, an investigation on optimizing the energy performance of PV on housing roofs is conducted. Three housing roof designs found in Gorontalo city are selected as the mounting planes for PV on roofs. The designs represent stacked gable roofs, complex gable roofs, and complex hip roofs. The purpose of the research is to find which roof shape is better for PV mounting in terms of sun radiation gain and access, mountable spaces, and orientation flexibility. This research employs Rhinoceros 3D to model the three roofs. The models are designed to face 12 directions, from 0° to 330°. Radiation analysis using Ladybug is utilized to study the roof's performance in obtaining solar radiation in all 12 directions. It was found that the complex hip roof has more evenly distributed solar radiation on the roof planes, is flexible for PV mounting in any orientation, but has few mountable spaces. The stacked gable roof has two out of four suitable planes to gain solar radiation, but they are spacious. The complex gable roof has only one out of five suitable planes since they are narrow and prone to self-shading. Overall, a stacked gable roof provides a better option for PV installation compared to the other roof shapes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) has classified papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) into indolent RAS-like and aggressive BRAF-like based on its distinct driver gene mutations. This retrospective study aimed to assess clinicopathology and pERK1/2 expression variations between BRAF-like and RAS-like PTCs and establish predictive models for BRAFV600E and RAS-mutated PTCs. A total of 222 PTCs underwent immunohistochemistry staining to assess pERK1/2 expression and Sanger sequencing to analyze the BRAF and RAS genes. Multivariate logistic regression was employed to develop prediction models. Independent predictors of the BRAFV600E mutation include a nuclear score of 3, the absence of capsules, an aggressive histology subtype, and pERK1/2 levels exceeding 10% (X2 = 0.128, p > 0.05, AUC = 0.734, p < 0.001). The RAS mutation predictive model includes follicular histology subtype and pERK1/2 expression > 10% (X2 = 0.174, p > 0.05, AUC = 0.8, p < 0.001). We propose using the prediction model concurrently with four potential combination group outcomes. PTC cases included in a combination of the low-BRAFV600E-scoring group and high-RAS-scoring group are categorized as RAS-like (adjOR = 4.857, p = 0.01, 95% CI = 1.470–16.049). PTCs included in a combination of the high-BRAFV600E-scoring group and low-RAS-scoring group are categorized as BRAF-like PTCs (adjOR = 3.091, p = 0.001, 95% CI = 1.594–5.995). The different prediction models indicate variations in biological behavior between BRAF-like and RAS-like PTCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Religious or spiritual well-being has a significant influence on family resilience, particularly in the spiritual aspect when dealing with changes or crises. The COVID-19 pandemic represents a significant change and crisis that can potentially impact religiosity and affect family resilience in spirituality. This study aimed to analyze the impact of religious well-being on family resilience in terms of family spirituality during the COVID-19 pandemic. This was a descriptive study, utilizing a cross-sectional survey approach. A total of 243 respondents were recruited for this research using accidental sampling technique. Data collection was conducted through questionnaires. Data analysis involved binary logistic regression and multivariate logistic regression, with a 95% degree of freedom and a standard error of 0.05. The main finding of this study indicates that religious well-being (p=0.000) significantly influences family resilience in family spirituality. Families with sufficient religious well-being are four times more likely to exhibit resilience in family spirituality compared to families with inadequate religious well-being (OR: 3.807; 95% CI: 2.230-6.498). The family resilience in family spirituality is strongly influenced by the factor of religious well-being. Strengthening the community with a religious approach is essential to bolster the family's ability to cope with the challenges posed by the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Direction-of-arrival (DoA) estimation methods are highly versatile and find extensive applications in satellite communication. DoA methods are employed across a range of orbits, from low Earth orbits (LEO) to geostationary Earth orbits (GEO). They serve multiple applications, including altitude determination, geolocation and estimation accuracy, target localization, and relative and collaborative positioning. This paper provides a framework for modeling the DoA angle in satellite communications with respect to the elevation angle. The proposed approach employs a closed-form expression that incorporates various factors, such as the antenna boresight angle, satellite and Earth station positions, and the altitude parameters of the satellite stations. By leveraging this formulation, the work accurately calculates the Earth station's elevation angle and effectively models the DoA angle. To the authors' knowledge, this contribution is unique and has not been previously addressed in the available literature. Furthermore, this paper studies the impact of spatial correlation in the channel on well-known DoA estimation techniques. As a significant part of this contribution, the authors introduce a signal model incorporating correlation in satellite communication. Although selected studies have presented spatial signal correlation models in satellite communications to analyze the performance metrics, such as the bit error or symbol error probability, outage probability, and ergodic capacity, this work stands out by presenting and adapting a correlation model in the signal specifically for studying DoA estimations. Accordingly, this paper evaluates DoA estimation performance using root mean square error (RMSE) measurements for different satellite communication link conditions (uplink and downlink) through extensive Monte Carlo simulations. The simulation's performance is evaluated by comparing it with the Cramer–Rao lower bound (CRLB) performance metric under additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) conditions, i.e., thermal noise. The simulation results demonstrate that incorporating a spatial signal correlation model for DoA estimations significantly improves RMSE performance in satellite systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to explore and determine the legal constraints related to adult male rape and the consequences as they exist in the Bangladeshi criminal justice system. Primary and secondary data sources for the study were derived from the narratives of adult male rape survivors, blood relatives of rape survivors, police officers, and legal practitioners. A snowball sampling technique was applied. The study reveals that there is an absence of a police-support response to adult male rape victims, which is attributable to the lack of a gender-neutral definition of rape. This legal definition vacuum diverts complainants to a range of other futile options, such as submitting a general diary and/or adjacent complaints and seeking assistance from other law enforcement agencies. Finally, this study demonstrates that the landscape of the Bangladeshi criminal justice system is likely to remain unchanged until its legal foundation is better developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction:BRAFV600E and RAS mutations are the most common gene mutations in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) that may be correlated with its biological behavior. There are still limited data about BRAFV600E and RAS mutations in Indonesia. This study aims to determine the prevalence of BRAFV600E and RAS mutations, and their association with clinicopathologic characteristics.Methods: Patients who had total thyroidectomy from 2019 to 2021 and those who met our study criteria underwent PCR and DNA sequencing analysis for BRAFV600E, BRAFK601E, exon 2 and 3 of NRAS, HRAS, and KRAS. Analyses were performed to determine the associations of BRAFV600E and RAS mutations with clinicopathologic characteristics.Results: Of 172 PTC patients, BRAFV600E mutation was observed in 37.8% of the patients and RAS mutations were found in 21.5%. One patient harbored BRAFK601E mutation. There was a significant association of BRAFV600E with a high-stage (p = 0.033, OR: 3.279; 95% CI: 1.048– 10.259), tall-cell variants (p ≤ 0.001, OR: 41.143; 95% CI: 11.979– 141.308), non-encapsulated (p = 0.001, OR: 4.176; 95% CI: 2.008– 8.685), lymphovascular invasion (p = 0.043, OR: 1.912; 95% CI: 1.018– 3.592), extrathyroidal extension (p = < 0.001, OR: 3.983; 95% CI: 1.970– 8.054), and lymph node metastasis (p = 0.009, OR: 2.301; 95% CI: 1.224– 4.326). Follicular variant (p = 0.001, OR: 7.011; 95% CI: 2.690– 18.268), encapsulated (p = 0.017, OR: 2.433; 95% CI: 1.161– 5.100), and absent of extrathyroidal extension (p = 0.033, OR: 2.890; 95% CI: 1.052– 7.940) were associated with RAS mutations.Conclusion: A significant association between BRAFV600E mutation and high clinical stage, tall-cell variants, non-encapsulated morphology, lymphovascular invasion, extrathyroidal extension, and lymph node metastasis in PTC was observed. RAS mutations were associated with the follicular variant, encapsulated tumor, and no extrathyroidal extension. HRAS-mutated PTC frequently exhibited tumor multifocality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Much empirical research on textbook analysis has been undertaken. However, little evidence with regard to the adoption of SLA findings in the textbook analysis was reported, particularly for the Indonesian EFL textbooks. To fill this void, this study aimed at analyzing a textbook endorsed by the Indonesian Ministry of Education and Culture, "Bahasa Inggris, When English Rings a Bell" revised edition 2017 for grade VII, to reveal as to how the activities in the textbook provide learners with the opportunities that facilitate second language acquisition. We employed content analysis (Mayring, 2000) in this study. Informed by Ellis' (2016) SLA framework and ten generalizations, the study's findings portray that all activities receive support from SLA theory. Most activities are output-prompting, and language learning is mostly intentional. In addition, the textbook exposes learners with language input (e.g., target language skills and linguistic forms) exclusively, although they are not required to process the input further (e.g., enacting more social interaction activities). The implication of this study suggests that although second language learning input is penetrated into a textbook, the role of interactional activities in the classroom that bridges the input into practice is worth-considering. Thereby, English teachers are encouraged to innovatively and creatively design learning activities in the class. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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