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Copyright of Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences (John Wiley & Sons, Inc.) is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aim: Investigate the impact of psychological job demands and resources on chronic fatigue. Background: Nurse fatigue is a serious problem with negative consequences on patient safety and nurse well‐being. Excessive job demands can exacerbate nurse fatigue, which may limit the ability of nurses to engage in professional practice. Methods: This two‐wave study was carried out with a self‐report questionnaire administered to nurses in eastern Canada (n = 154). Cross‐lagged analysis using structural equation modelling was conducted to examine the interactions between psychological job demands, resources and chronic fatigue over time. Results: Results showed that psychological job demands predicted chronic fatigue a year later. Nonetheless, job resources (decision latitude, social support) did not buffer the relationship between psychological job demands and chronic fatigue 1 year later. Conclusions: Psychological demands have a long‐term effect on chronic fatigue, thus interventions to mitigate fatigue are needed. Implications for Nursing Management: Nurse managers should be aware of the cumulative effects of chronic fatigue and implement strategies to create a better balance between job demands and resources in the workplace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between abusive supervision and employee health and safety outcomes in Study 1 and to examine the effect of inconsistent leadership, operationalized as the interaction between transformational leadership and supervisor incivility, on employee safety participation in Study 2.Design/methodology/approach In Study 1, survey data were gathered from n=145 healthcare workers. In Study 2, survey data were gathered from n=177 nurses.Findings A partially mediated structural model was estimated in Study 1 and the results show that the model provided a good fit to the data χ2 (1)=1.27, p=0.23. Abusive supervision predicted safety climate (β=−0.41, p<0.01) and psychological health (β=−0.27, p<0.01). Safety climate, in turn, predicted psychological health (β= 0.40, p<0.01) and safety participation (β= 0.37, p<0.01). Study 2: moderated regression analysis showed that inconsistent leadership significantly predicted employee safety participation, F(5,144)=4.46, p<0.01.Originality/value Theoretical and practical implications for creating psychologically healthy workplaces through interventions aimed at improving leader effectiveness are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim Pilot study to examine the impact of long work hours and shift work on cognitive errors in nurses. Background Twelve-hour shifts are more commonly used in hospital settings and there is growing concern over the impact that extended and irregular work hours have on nurses' well-being and performance. Method Twenty-eight nurses working different shifts (8-hr days and 12-hr rotation) participated in this study. Nurses were assessed at the beginning of four consecutive shifts using actigraphy, a sleep diary and an after work questionnaire. Results Nurses working 12-hr rotations had less total sleep time and less sleep efficiency than 8-hr day nurses. Twelve-hour rotation nurses also napped more than their counterparts. There were no differences between the two groups with respect to cognitive errors. Conclusions Twelve-hour rotations have a negative effect on nurses' sleep patterns. There is no evidence indicating 12-hr rotations increased errors. Implications for nursing management Nurse managers can implement specific strategies, such as greater shift work flexibility and designated quiet time, to reduce the effects of disturbed sleep patterns in nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using deep sequencing, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) resistance-associated mutations were detected as minority species in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 4 patients with higher HIV type 1 RNA load in CSF than in plasma, but not in 2 patients with higher plasma viral load. Deep sequencing could help our understanding of viral escape in the central nervous system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between customer mistreatment and employee retaliation. The moderating effect of employee psychological strain on the relationship between customer mistreatment and employee retaliation is also examined. Design/methodology/approach - A sample of 107 contact centre customer service representatives completed a survey. Moderated multiple regression analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between customer mistreatment and psychological strain on employee retaliation. Findings - Customer mistreatment emerged as a significant predictor of employee retaliation against the customer (customer mistreatment: β=0.252, p<0.01), providing support for hypothesis 1. Psychological strain was found to significantly moderate the effects of customer mistreatment on employee retaliation against the customer, (β=0.197, p<0.01) supporting hypothesis 2. Originality/value - The results provide a greater understanding of individuals' responses to customer incivility. Previous research has demonstrated that uncivil customer behavior leads to emotional exhaustion and absences from work within the call centre industry. Our results suggest that call centre customer service employees may also engage in retaliatory behavior when they perceive that they have been treated unjustly by customers. The positive relationship between customer mistreatment and employee retaliation against customers was stronger when employees reported high (versus low) psychological strain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examined the consequences of being exposed to an outbreak of the Norwalk virus at a small university. Data from 422 undergraduates supported a model in which the experience of symptoms and perceptions of the university's response to the outbreak predicted fear of future contamination. In turn, fear predicted strain and enhanced hygiene practices. Results are consistent with a model of disease outbreak as a traumatic stressor, and implications for organizations dealing with disease outbreaks are discussed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on the effects of passive rather than transformational styles of leadership is limited, especially regarding safety-related outcomes in the workplace. Both styles of leadership can be exhibited at different times in the same individual; here we refer to this as inconsistent leadership. In this study, we examine the effect of inconsistent safety-specific leadership style on the safety participation and safety compliance of employees. Operationalized as the interaction of safety-specific transformational leadership and passive leadership, inconsistent safety leadership emerged as a significant predictor of both outcomes in two samples in Canada: a sample of 241 young workers and again in a sample of 491 older workers, who were long-term health care employees. We found that a transformational safety-specific leadership style was associated with greater safety compliance and safety participation in employees. Furthermore, in all cases, the predictive effect of transformational style of leadership on safety participation and safety compliance was attenuated when leaders also displayed passive leadership with respect to safety outcomes. Theoretical and practical implications for safety management are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Our intention was to compare the rate of immunological progression prior to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and the virological response to ART in patients infected with subtype B and four non-B HIV-1 subtypes (A, C, D and the circulating recombinant form, CRF02-AG) in an ethnically diverse population of HIV-1-infected patients in south London. Methods: A random sample of 861 HIV-1-infected patients attending HIV clinics at King's and St Thomas' hospitals' were subtyped using an in-house enzyme-linked immunoassay and env sequencing. Subtypes were compared on the rate of CD4 cell decline using a multi-level random effects model. Virological response to ART was compared using the time to virological suppression (< 400 copies/ml) and rate of virological rebound (> 400 copies/ml) following initial suppression. Results: Complete subtype and epidemiological data were available for 679 patients, of whom 357 (52.6%) were white and 230 (33.9%) were black African. Subtype B (n = 394) accounted for the majority of infections, followed by subtypes C (n = 125), A (n = 84), D (n = 51) and CRF02-AG (n = 25). There were no significant differences in rate of CD4 cell decline, initial response to highly active antiretroviral therapy and subsequent rate of virological rebound for subtypes B, A, C and CRF02-AG. However, a statistically significant four-fold faster rate of CD4 decline (after adjustment for gender, ethnicity and baseline CD4 count) was observed for subtype D. In addition, subtype D infections showed a higher rate of virological rebound at six months (70%) compared with subtypes B (45%, p = 0.02), A (35%, p = 0.004) and C (34%, p = 0.01) Conclusions: This is the first study from an industrialized country to show a faster CD4 cell decline and higher rate of subsequent virological failure with subtype D infection. Further studies are needed to identify the molecular mechanisms responsible for the greater virulence of subtype D. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transformational leadership based interventions were assessed using a pre-test, post-test, and control group design. Leaders (N = 54) from 21 long-term health care organizations were randomly assigned to general transformational leadership training, safety-specific transformational leadership training, or a control group. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) showed that leadership training resulted in significant effects on manager post-training ratings of safety attitudes, intent to promote safety, and self-efficacy. The effects of leadership training on employee (N = 115) perceptions of leader safety-specific transformational leadership, safety climate, safety participation, safety compliance, safety-related events and, injuries were also assessed. Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA), with the pre-test scores as the covariates, showed that leadership training resulted in significant effects on the safety-specific transformational leadership and safety climate outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on analysis of the Walkerton (Ontario) contaminated water crisis of 2000, this paper explores the viability of Weick’s sensemaking approach to organizational crises. The paper begins by showing how a sensemaking approach is a useful heuristic for revealing the complexity of organizational disasters that often rely on simplistic blaming of individuals. It goes on to explore the limitations of a sensemaking account that downplays the role of power and individual responsibility. The paper concludes by suggesting further theoretical developments of sensemaking to include Foucauldian notions of discourse and Sartrian notions of existential responsibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contends that the growing concerns with the dynamics of gender at work places a particular burden on psychoanalysis. Organizational analysis and psychoanalysis in the 21st century; Discussion on psychoanalysis and gender; Usefulness of psychoanalysis for managers.

The article presents a study that deals with antiviral therapy of chronic hepatitis B using entecavir as a potent inhibitor. Entecavir, a potent inhibitor of hepatitis B polymerase, offers a high genetic barrier to resistance, according to the author. Based on previous studies, excellent results were achieved using entecavir on hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive and HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B patients. Included in the study was a treatment-naive patient who unexpectedly developed early onset treatment failure with entecavir. Based on their study, the authors highlighted the importance of performing baseline resistance profiling on all patients started on entecavir and stressed the need for scrutinizing sequence tracing.