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The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Laboratory currently does not have on site facilities for handling radioactive evidentiary materials and there are no established FBI methods or procedures for decontaminating high explosive (HE) evidence while maintaining evidentiary value. One experimental method for the isolation of HE residue involves using solid phase microextraction (SPME) fibers to remove residue of interest. Due to their high affinity for organics, SPME fibers should have little affinity for most metals. However, no studies have measured the affinity of radionuclides for SPME fibers. The focus of this research was to examine the affinity of dissolved radionuclide (239/240Pu, 238U, 237Np, 85Sr, 133Ba, 137Cs, 60Co and 226Ra) and stable radionuclide surrogate metals (Sr, Co, Ir, Re, Ni, Ba, Cs, Nb, Ru, and Nd) for SPME fibers at the exposure conditions that favor the uptake of HE residues. Our results from radiochemical and mass spectrometric analyses indicate these metals have little measurable affinity for these SPME fibers during conditions that are conducive to HE residue uptake with subsequent analysis by liquid or gas phase chromatography with mass spectrometric detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we study some of the functorial properties of the infinite jet space in order to give a coordinate free algebraic definition of the generic singularities of Boardman-Thom. More precisely, suppose that k is a commutative ring with an identity and suppose that A is a commutative ring with an identity which is a k-algebra. An A- k-Lie algebra L is a k-Lie algebra with a k-Lie algebra map ϕ from L to the algebra of k-derivations of A to itself such that for d, d′εL and a, a′εA, then . There is a universal enveloping algebra for such Lie algebras which we denote by E(L). Denote by L-alg the category of A-algebras B which have L and hence E(L) acting as left operators such that for aεA, dεL, ( da) i = d( a. i ). If F is the forgetful functor from L-alg to the category of A-algebras, we show that F has a left adjoint J(L, ·) which is the natural algebraic translation of the infinite jet space. In the third section of this paper we construct a theory of singularities for a derivation from a ring to a module and then we apply this construction to J(L, C) where C is an A-algebra. These singularities are subschemas with defining sheaf of ideals given by Fitting invariants of appropriately chosen modules when A and B are polynomial rings over a field k and C=A⊗B; these are the generic singularities of Boardman-Thom. Finally we show that, under some rather general conditions on the structure of C as an A-algebra, the generic singularities are regular immersions in the sense of Berthelot. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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A randomized clinical trial assessed the effect of a group-based behavior modification intervention on oral hygiene skills, adherence and clinical outcomes for older periodontal patients. Subjects (n= 107) were aged 50-70 yr with moderate periodontal disease. They were randomly assigned to usual care or intervention. Intervention consisted of 5 weekly, 90-mm sessions that included skill training, self-monitoring, weekly feedback about bleeding points and group support focused on long-term habit change. Four-month follow-up indicated significant improvements in the intervention versus the usual periodontal maintenance group for oral hygiene skills and self-reported flossing (p <0.001), plaque, gingival bleeding, bleeding upon probing throughout the mouth, and pocket depth for sulcus depths that measured between 3 and 6 mm at baseline (p<0.009). Group oral health intervention provides an effective and relatively inexpensive means of helping patients improve their self-care skills and achieve high levels of adherence to an effective self-care regimen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]