Search

The effect of three rootstocks on the responsiveness of "Superior Seedless" grapes to cold storage was investigated in this study during the growing seasons of 2021 and 2022. The "Superior Seedless" bunches were preserved for 90 days at 4 ± 1°C and 98 ± 2 relative humidity%. The "Superior Seedless" bunch response under cold storage was shown to be influenced by the rootstocks. According to the study, bunches picked from "Superior Seedless" that were grown on the "1103 Paulson" rootstocks performed better in antioxidant enzyme activities (AEAs) than bunches obtained from other rootstocks. Furthermore, during cold storage, the rates of H2O2 and O2−generation decreased more rapidly. However, combined with a low electrolyte leakage percentage (EL%) and malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation, the 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenger concentration increased during the cold storage period. Furthermore, while berry quality traits were harvested from "Superior Seedless" grafted onto "1103 Paulson" rootstock, they were improved compared to other rootstocks. The molecular docking technique is performed to evaluate the binding affinity of antioxidant enzymes with a group of intracellular ligands, including DPPH, MDA, ascorbic acid, and tartaric acid, which show great results with respect to the DPPH compound. Following these findings, it can be concluded that the influence of rootstocks on "Superior Seedless" bunch responses to low cold storage represents a novel potential natural effect of rootstocks on responding bunches of "Superior Seedless" to low cold storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Callistemon is an aromatic genus of flowering plants belonging to family Myrtaceae. The essential oils of C. subulatus leaves were collected in four seasons and analyzed using GC/MS. The oils demonstrated monoterpenes as the predominant class. Eucalyptol was the main component in all seasons; summer (66.87%), autumn (58.33%), winter (46.74%) and spring (44.63%), followed by α-pinene; spring (31.41%), winter (28.69%), summer (26.34%) and autumn (24.68%). Winter oil, the highest yield (0.53 mL/100g), was further investigated for its inhibitory activity against enzymes associated with ageing; elastase and acetylcholinesterase. It remarkably inhibited elastase and acetylcholinesterase with IC50 values of 1.05 and 0.20 µg/ml, respectively. A molecular docking study was conducted for the major oil components on the active sites of target enzymes. Eucalyptol revealed the best binding affinity for both enzymes. C. subualtus oil could be used as supplement for management of ageing disorders like skin wrinkles and dementia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trypanosomiasis is a protozoan disease transmitted via Trypanosoma brucei. This study aimed to examine the metabolic profile and anti-trypanosomal effect of methanol extract of Thunbergia grandifolia leaves. The liquid chromatography-high resolution electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (LC-HRESIMS) revealed the identification of fifteen compounds of iridoid, flavonoid, lignan, phenolic acid, and alkaloid classes. The extract displayed a promising inhibitory activity against T. brucei TC 221 with MIC value of 1.90 μg/mL within 72 h. A subsequent in silico analysis of the dereplicated compounds (i.e. inverse docking, molecular dynamic simulation, and absolute binding free energy) suggested both rhodesain and farnesyl diphosphate synthase as probable targets for two compounds among those dereplicated ones in the plant extract (i.e. diphyllin and avacennone B). The absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) profiling of diphyllin and avacennone were calculated accordingly, where both compounds showed acceptable drug-like properties. This study highlighted the antiparasitic potential of T. grandifolia leaves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Plant Production is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Oxidative stress can be a series burden on human health and may lead to many chronic diseases such as diabetes and neurological disorders. The use of natural products to scavenge the reactive oxygen species has attracted the attention of many researchers, to safely manage these conditions with fewer side effects, in available and cost-effective ways. The current study aimed at the isolation and structure elucidation of sweroside from Schenkia spicata (Gentianaceae) and the evaluation of its antioxidant, antidiabetic, neuroprotective, and enzyme inhibitory potential via in vitro and in silico studies. The antioxidant potential was evaluated by a variety of assays as ABTS, CUPRAC and FRAP, showing values of 0.34 ± 0.08, 21.14 ± 0.43, and 12.32 ± 0.20 mg TE/g, respectively, while demonstrating 0.75 ± 0.03 mmol TE/g for phosphomolybdenum (PBD) assay. Acetylcholinestrase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and tyrosinase inhibitory activities were used to evaluate the neuroprotective effect, while the antidiabetic potential was evaluated by measuring α-amylase and glucosidase inhibitory activities. Results revealed that sweroside showed antioxidant and inhibitory effects on the enzymes tested with the exception of AChE. It demonstrated good tyrosinase inhibitory ability with 55.06 ± 1.85 mg Kojic acid equivalent /g. Regarding the antidiabetic ability, the compound displayed both amylase and glucosidase (0.10 ± 0.01 and 1.54 ± 0.01 mmol Acarbose equivalent/g, respectively) inhibitory activities. Molecular docking studies of sweroside on the active sites of the aforementioned enzymes in addition to NADPH oxidase were performed using Discovery Studio 4.1 software. Results revealed good binding affinities of sweroside to these enzymes mainly through hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions. Sweroside can be an important antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory supplement, yet further in vivo and clinical studies are required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Calendula officinalis L. (Asteraceae), commonly known as English or pot marigold, is an herbaceous plant with edible flowers. In this study, UPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis was used for tentative identification of compounds in marigold flower methanol extract (MFE). In addition, RP-HPLC-DAD analysis was used to quantify the flavonoids hesperidin and rutin in MFE. The antileishmanial potentials of the crude extract and compounds were evaluated against Leishmania major promastigotes and amastigotes. Further, in vivo 4-day antimalarial testing of the extract and compounds was carried out at doses of 25 mg kg−1 per day using mice infected with ANKA strain of Plasmodium berghei, following standard procedure. Molecular docking studies were carried out to assess the binding mode of flavonoids against the vital targets of L. major, including pteridine reductase 1 and farnesyl diphosphate synthase enzymes. The in silico antimalarial potentials of flavonoids were evaluated against wild-type Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase and phosphoethanolamine methyltransferase enzymes. Twenty compounds were tentatively identified by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis of MFE, of which, seven flavonoids, six saponins, three phenolic acids, three fatty acids, and a triterpene glycoside were identified. MFE phytochemical analysis revealed that hesperidin content was 36.17 mg g−1 extract, that is, 9.9-fold their content of rutin (3.65 mg g−1 extract). The method was validated to ensure reproducibility of the results. The tested samples exhibited antileishmanial potentials against L. major promastigotes, with IC50 values of 98.62, 118.86, and 104.74 ng µL−1 for hesperidin, rutin, and MFE, respectively. Likewise, hesperidin showed inhibitory potentials against L. major amastigote with an IC50 value of 108.44 ± 11.2 µM, as compared to miltefosine. The mean survival time, parasitemia, and suppression percentages showed similar results for the three samples against ANKA strain of P. berghei. The docking studies showed good binding affinities of rutin and hesperidin with numerous H-bonding and van der Waals interactions. Marigold flowers are nutraceuticals, presenting important sources of bioactive flavonoids with potential against neglected tropical diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seaweed has been known to possess beneficial effects forhuman health due to the presence of functional bioactive components. The n-butanol and ethyl acetate extracts of Dictyota dichotoma showed ash (31.78%), crude fat (18.93%), crude protein (14.5%), and carbohydrate (12.35%) contents. About 19 compounds were identified in the n-butanol extract, primarily undecane, cetylic acid, hexadecenoic acid, Z-11-, lageracetal, dodecane, and tridecane, whereas 25 compounds were identified in the ethyl acetate extract, mainly tetradecanoic, hexadecenoic acid, Z-11-, undecane, and myristic acid. FT-IR spectroscopy confirmed the presence of carboxylic acid, phenols, aromatics, ethers, amides, sulfonates, and ketones. Moreover, total phenolic contents (TPC) and total flavonoid contents (TFC) in ethyl acetate extract were 2.56 and 2.51 mg GAE/g and in n-butanol extract were 2.11 and 2.25 mg QE/g, respectively. Ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts at a high concentration of 100 mg mL−1 showed 66.64 and 56.56 % inhibition of DPPH, respectively. Antimicrobial activity revealed that Candida albicans was the most susceptible microorganism, followed by Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli, whereas Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed the least inhibition at all concentrations. The in vivo hypoglycemic study revealed that both extracts exhibited concentration-dependent hypoglycemic activities. In conclusion, this macroalgae exhibited antioxidant, antimicrobial, and hypoglycemic potentials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chronic nature of diabetes mellitus motivates the quest for novel agents to improve its management. The scarcity and prior uncontrolled utilization of medicinal plants have encouraged researchers to seek new sources of promising compounds. Recently, endophytes have presented as eco-friendly leading sources for bioactive metabolites. This article reviewed the endophytic fungi associated with Morus species and their isolated compounds, in addition to the biological activities tested on their extracts and chemical constituents. The relevant literature was collected from the years 2008–2022 from PubMed and Web of Science databases. Notably, no antidiabetic activity was reported for any of the Morus-associated endophytic fungal extracts or their twenty-one previously isolated compounds. This encouraged us to perform an in silico study on the previously isolated compounds to explore their possible antidiabetic potential. Furthermore, pharmacokinetic and dynamic stability studies were performed on these compounds. Upon molecular docking, Colletotrichalactone A (14) showed a promising antidiabetic activity due to the inhibition of the α-amylase local target and the human sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (hSGT2) systemic target with safe pharmacokinetic features. These results provide an in silico interpretation of the possible anti-diabetic potential of Morus endophytic metabolites, yet further study is required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Genus Angelica is one of the widely distributed and well-known genera of family Umbelliferae. It is utilized mainly by Chinese and Korean populations especially in their folk medicine. Angelica comprises a lot of medicinally important phytoconstituents such as coumarins, furanocoumarins, flavonoids, essential oils, verbascosides, polysaccharides, etc. Members of this genus play important roles, namely antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-diabetic, skin-whitening, cytotoxic, hepatoprotective, and many others. This review draws attention to many species of genus Angelica with much focus on A. dahurica being one of the highly medicinally used species within this genus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

GC-MS profiling and metabolomics study of anise and star anise oils obtained by hydrodistillation, n-hexane, and microwave-assisted extraction methods were conducted herein. Trans-anethole was the major phenylpropanoid in both oils. Principal component and hierarchical cluster analyses revealed a clear separation of different extraction methods. Microwave-assisted star anise oil (MSA) revealed the highest anethole content (93.78%). MSA oil showed antioxidant activity using DPPH and ABTS assays, this was verified via an in-silico docking study of its major compounds on human tyrosinase and NAD(P)H oxidase. Trans-anethole displayed the best fitting scores (-8.9 and -10.1 Kcal/mole, respectively). MSA oil showed promising cytotoxic activity on different cell lines, mainly the cervical (HeLa) cell lines. Cell cycle inhibition at the G0-G1 phase was observed with an early apoptotic effect of the oil on HeLa cells. Trans-anethole achieved the best docking scores (-7.9, -9.3 and -9.9 Kcal/mole) for in-silico study on EGFR, CDK2 and CDK4 enzymes engaged in cancer, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Helicobacter pylori can cause chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric carcinoma. This study compares chemical composition and anti-H. pylori activity of mandarin leaves and marjoram herb essential oils, and their combined oil. GC/MS analysis of mandarin oil revealed six compounds (100% identified), mainly methyl-N-methyl anthranilate (89.93%), and 13 compounds (93.52% identified) of marjoram oil, mainly trans-sabinene hydrate (36.11%), terpinen-4-ol (17.97%), linalyl acetate (9.18%), and caryophyllene oxide (8.25%)). Marjoram oil (MIC = 11.40 µg/mL) demonstrated higher activity than mandarin oil (MIC = 31.25 µg/mL). The combined oil showed a synergistic effect at MIC of 1.95 µg/mL (same as clarithromycin). In-silico molecular docking on H. pylori urease, CagA, pharmacokinetic and toxicity studies were performed on major compounds from both oils. The best scores were for caryophyllene oxide then linalyl acetate and methyl-N-methyl anthranilate. Compounds revealed high safety and desirable properties. The combined oil can be an excellent candidate to manage H. pylori. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stevioside is the major component of Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) leaves, family Asteraceae. UPLC-ESI-MS/MS analyses of leaves total methanol extract (TEx) and standardized butanol fraction (BF, 113.5 mg stevioside/g) were performed herein, revealing steviol glycosides, caffeoylquinic acid derivatives, flavonoids, and sesquiterpenoids. Their hepatoprotective activities against radiation-induced toxicity were evaluated compared to pure stevioside. Rats pretreatment with stevioside, TEx, and BF orally for 7 days before subjection to 6.5 Gy whole-body-gamma-irradiation reversed histopathological damages; improved liver functions and restored depleted antioxidants. ALT and reduced-glutathione levels showed insignificant changes, compared to control, by (5.22%, 3.20%, 24.90%) and (−0.47%, −3.95%, −2.63%), respectively. Glutathione-S-transferase, catalase, and MDA levels were significantly ameliorated. Liver tissue molecular profiling showed reduction in elevated TNF-α by 23.83%, 29.06%, 28.34%, respectively, and in NF-kB and COX-2 expression levels via immunohistochemical study. BF showed better hepatoprotective activity than TEx which may be attributed to higher stevioside, flavonoids, and caffeoylquinic acid derivatives content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maintaining healthy skin is important for a healthy body. At present, skin diseases are numerous, representing a major health problem affecting all ages from neonates to the elderly worldwide. Many people may develop diseases that affect the skin, including cancer, herpes, and cellulitis. Long-term conventional treatment creates complicated disorders in vital organs of the body. It also imposes socioeconomic burdens on patients. Natural treatment is cheap and claimed to be safe. The use of plants is as old as mankind. Many medicinal plants and their parts are frequently used to treat these diseases, and they are also suitable raw materials for the production of new synthetic agents. A review of some plant families, viz., Fabaceae, Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, etc., used in the treatment of skin diseases is provided with their most common compounds and in silico studies that summarize the recent data that have been collected in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The genus Schinus belongs to family 'Anacardiaceae' and includes about 29 species originating from South America, distributed to Peru, Chile, Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay and cultivated in Egypt. Traditionally, Schinus plants are used to alleviate several and diverse diseases including rheumatism, hypertension, ulcers, gastric distress, menstrual disorders, gonorrhea, bronchitis, gingivitis, conjunctivitis, dysentery, wounds, urinary tract, and eye infections. Several phytochemical studies on the Schinus plants revealed presence of diverse bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, bioflavonoids, phenolic acids, tannins, catechins, terpenoids and essential oils. Besides, some Schinus species and their isolated active compounds showed important biological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, insecticidal, antiparasitic, analgesic, cytotoxic, antitumor, antioxidant, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, antimycobacterial, anti-Parkinson, anti-allergic, antiviral, wound healing, chemoprotective, anthelmintic and hepatoprotective. This review attempts to summarize the phytochemical profile and biological activities of Schinus species that could guide researchers to undertake further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae) is an adaptable plant with promising phytoconstituents, interesting medicinal uses, and nutritional importance. Chemical profiling of M. oleifera seeds assisted by LC-HRMS (HPLC system coupled to a high resolution mass detector) led to the dereplication of 19 metabolites. Additionally, the wound healing potential of M. oleifera seed extract was investigated in male New Zealand Dutch strain albino rabbits and supported by histopathological examinations. Moreover, the molecular mechanisms were investigated via different in vitro investigations and through analyzing the relative gene and protein expression patterns. When compared to the untreated and MEBO®-treated groups, topical administration of M. oleifera extract on excision wounds resulted in a substantial increase in wound healing rate (p < 0.001), elevating TGF-β1, VEGF, Type I collagen relative expression, and reducing inflammatory markers such as IL-1β and TNF-α. In vitro antioxidant assays showed that the extract displayed strong scavenging effects to peroxides and superoxide free radicals. In silico studies using a molecular docking approach against TNF-α, TGFBR1, and IL-1β showed that some metabolites in M. oleifera seed extract can bind to the active sites of three wound-healing related proteins. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) and compound–protein interaction (CPI) networks were constructed as well. Quercetin, caffeic acid, and kaempferol showed the highest connectivity with the putative proteins. In silico drug likeness studies revealed that almost all compounds comply with both Lipinski's and Veber's rule. According to the previous findings, an in vitro study was carried out on the pure compounds, including quercetin, kaempferol, and caffeic acid (identified from M. oleifera) to validate the proposed approach and to verify their potential effectiveness. Their inhibitory potential was evaluated against the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 and against the endopeptidase MMPs (matrix metalloproteinases) subtype I and II, with highest activity being observed for kaempferol. Hence, M. oleifera seeds could be a promising source of bioactive compounds with potential antioxidant and wound healing capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renoprotectors are highly demanded due to environmental nephrotoxic factors. P. longifolia leaves extract alleviating effect was assessed in nephritic-induced rats by whole body shot dose of γ-radiation. Many biomarkers were detected using several assays. Renohistopathological examinations were performed. Moreover, the extract phytoconstituents were identified using spectroscopic analysis. In-vitro anti-inflammatory activity of some compounds was examined using histamine release assay. Post-irradiation treatment with the extract significantly ameliorated all elevated biomarker levels. Creatinine and urea were adjusted, TGF-β/Smad signaling was suppressed causing down-regulation to microRNA-21. Nitric oxide, reactive oxygen species, glutathione and kidney injury molecule-1 were normalized in comparison with the γ-irradiated group. The renohistopathological analysis was consistent with the biochemical study. Phytochemical analysis resulted in the isolation of two diterpenoids (γ-methoxybutenolide clerodane diterpene and 16(R/S)-hydroxycleroda-3,13-dien-16,15-olide-2-one), aporphine alkaloid (anonaine) and flavonol (kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside). The latter two showed moderate anti-histaminic activities. Our results indicated that P. longifolia reduced oxidative stress and nephropathy in rats due to its anti-inflammatory principles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the mounting global burden of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), the generation of new classes of effective antimicrobials still lags far behind. The interplay between multidrug resistance and biofilm formation in Acinetobacter baumannii has drastically narrowed the available therapeutic choices. The use of natural compounds holds promise as an alternate option for restoring the activity of existing antibiotics and attenuating virulence traits through reduced biofilm formation. This study aimed to evaluate the modulatory effect of combining cinnamic and gallic acids at ½MIC with various antibiotics against multidrug-resistant (MDR) A. baumannii clinical isolates as well as study the effect on the expression of the biofilm-associated genes (bap, csuE, ompA) via quantitative, real-time PCR. Combining cinnamic or gallic acid with imipenem, amikacin or doxycycline resulted in significant reduction of resistance (p < 0.05). On the contrary, no effect was recorded when both acids were combined with levofloxacin, and only cinnamic acid had a synergistic effect with colistin. The transcriptomic changes of biofilm-related genes in the presence of gallic acid at ½MIC were compared with untreated control samples. The fold expression values proved that gallic acid substantially down-regulated the respective genes in all five strong biofilm formers. Molecular docking studies of gallic and cinnamic acids on target genes revealed good binding affinities and verified the proposed mechanism of action. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the effect of gallic acid on the expression of bap, csuE and ompA genes in A. baumannii, which may permit its use as an adjunct anti-virulence therapeutic strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work studied the effect of foliar spray of different concentrations of titanium (Ti, applied as titanium dioxide) and vanadium (V, applied as vanadium pentoxide) on growth, chemical composition, antioxidant contents, antioxidant enzymes, antioxidant capacity, yield and quality criteria of red cabbage plants. For this purpose, 2.0, 4.0 and 6.0 mg L−1 of Ti and V were used to treat red cabbage plants. The control plants were treated with tap water. Our results showed that plants treated with 4.0 mg L−1 of Ti recorded the highest values of plant growth and bioactive compounds, while antioxidant capacity was decreased compared to the other treatments. In addition, plants treated with Ti and V at 2.0 and 4.0 mg L−1, respectively, showed higher values of all of the growth, yield, non-enzymatic antioxidants and antioxidants enzymes' parameters compared to the untreated plants. Based on the obtained results, it could be concluded that the low concentrations of both Ti and V (2.0 and 4.0 mg L−1) were able to enhance red cabbage growth and yield, as well as the antioxidant contents, enzymes and capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare the push out bond strength of MTA apical plug in a simulated immature root, after using different irrigation protocols; NaOCl + 20% Etidronic acid (HEBP) and NaOCl + 17% Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) with and without diode laser activation. Methods: Twenty-eight extracted single straight rooted permanent human teeth were selected. The root lengths were standardized (15 mm) by decronation of all samples. Instrumentation was done using the ProTaper Next system (Dentsply Sirona), the canals were flushed with 1 mL NaOCL after each instrument. Then, the apical 3 mm was cut perpendicular to the root's long axis and the canals were prepared till file 90(master file) using the balanced force technique to simulate immature teeth. Samples were divided into four experimental groups (n = 7) in accordance with the irrigation protocol; G1 (NaOCl + HEBP), G2 (NaOCl + EDTA) both G1 and G2 were activated with diode laser, while G3 (NaOCl + HEBP) and G4 (NaOCl + EDTA) were activated with manual agitation. Canals were filled with a 5-mm MTA (ProRoot MTA, Dentsply Tulsa Dental) apical plug. Each root was transversely sectioned perpendicular to their long axis to have a 3 mm ± 0.1sections in thickness from the root apical portion. A push-out test was performed, and the failure pattern was assessed. Push out bond strength values were analyzed with student t test for compared pairs. Two-way ANOVA was used to detect the effect of each variable (chelating agent with/without laser activation). Result: Effect of diode laser activation in G1 and G2 showed no significant differences (p > 0.05) on the push out bond strength values of MTA, while in manual activated groups (G3 and G4), there was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) where G4 recorded higher push out bond strength mean values than G3. Conclusions: The diode laser activation when used with NaOCL and HEBP increased the effect of HEBP as chelating agent and improved the push out strength values of MTA, rendering it an alternative mild chelating agent in comparison with the EDTA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The underutilized Amaranthus leafy vegetables are a unique basis of pigments such as β-cyanins, β-xanthins, and betalains with radical scavenging capacity (RSC). They have abundant phytonutrients and antioxidant components, such as pigments, vitamins, phenolics, and flavonoids. Eight selected genotypes (four genotypes from each species) of underutilized Amaranthus leafy vegetables were evaluated for phytonutrients, pigments, vitamins, phenolics, flavonoids, and antioxidants in a randomized complete block design under ambient field conditions with three replicates. The studied traits showed a wide range of variations across eight genotypes of two species of Amaranthus leafy vegetables. The highest fat, β-xanthins, K, dietary fiber, Mg, β-cyanins, Mn, chlorophyll ab, Zn, TP, TF, betalains, chlorophyll a content, and (RSC) (DPPH) and RSC (ABTS+) were obtained from A. tricolor accessions. Conversely, the highest protein, Cu, carbohydrates, Ca, and chlorophyll b content were obtained from A. lividus accessions. The highest dry matter, carotenoids, Fe, energy, and ash were obtained from A. tricolor and A. lividus. The accession AT2 confirmed the highest vit. C and RSC (DPPH) and RSC (ABTS+); AT5 had the highest TP content; and AT12 had the highest TF content. A. tricolor accessions had high phytochemicals across the two species, such as phytopigments, vitamins, phenolics, antioxidants, and flavonoids, with considerable nutrients and protein. Hence, A. tricolor accessions can be used as high-yielding cultivars comprising ample antioxidants. The correlation study revealed that vitamin C, pigments, flavonoids, β-carotene, and phenolics demonstrated a strong RSC, and showed a substantial contribution to the antioxidant potential (AP) of A. tricolor. The investigation exposed that the accessions displayed a plentiful origin of nutritional values, phytochemicals, and AP with good quenching ability of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that provide enormous prospects for nourishing the mineral-, antioxidant-, and vitamin-threatened community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coronaviruses caused an outbreak pandemic disease characterized by a severe acute respiratory distress syndrome leading to the infection of more than 200 million patients and the death of more than 4 million individuals. The primary treatment is either supportive or symptomatic. Natural products have an important role in the development of various drugs. Thus, screening of natural compounds with reported antiviral activities can lead to the discovery of potential inhibitory entities against coronaviruses. In the current study, an in-silico molecular docking experiment was conducted on the effects of some of these natural antiviral phytoconstituents, (e.g., procyanidin B2, theaflavin, quercetin, ellagic acid, caffeoylquinic acid derivatives, berginin, eudesm-1ß, 6a, 11-triol and arbutin), on the crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 main protease (PDB ID: 6w63) using AutoDock-Vina software. Many of the docked compounds revealed good binding affinity, with procyanidin B2 (-8.6 Kcal/mol) and theaflavin (-8.5 Kcal/mol) showing a better or similar binding score as the ligand (-8.5 Kcal/mol). Molecular dynamics simulations were carried out at 100 ns and revealed that procyanidin B2 forms a more stable complex with SARS-CoV-2 main protease than theaflavin. Procyanidin B2, theaflavin, and 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid were evaluated for toxicity by ProTox-II webserver and were non-toxic according to the predicted LD50 values and safe on different organs and pathways. Additionally, these phytoconstituents showed good ADME properties and acceptable lipophilicity, as evaluated using WLOGP. Amongst the tested compounds, procyanidin B2 showed the highest lipophilic value. It is worth mentioning that these natural inhibitiors of SARS-CoV-2 main protease are components of green and black tea that can be used as a supporting supplement for COVID patients or as potential nuclei for further drug design and development campaigns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Culex pipiens mosquitoes are vectors to many viruses and can transmit diseases such as filariasis and avian malaria. The present study evaluated the larvicidal activity of marine-derived endophytic fungi Aspergillus nomius and Aspergillus flavus from the soft coral Sarcophyton ehrenbergi along with two known cyclodepsipeptide compounds, scopularide A (1) and B (2), isolated from A. flavus extract, against third-instar larvae of C. pipiens, using distilled water as a negative control and toosenedanin as a positive control. The structures of the isolated compounds were confirmed by various spectroscopic analyses. The lethal concentrations (LC50 and LC90) were calculated by probit analysis. Scopularide A was the most potent after 96 h treatment, with LC50 and LC90 values of 58.96 and 994.31 ppm, respectively, and with 82.66% mortality at a concentration of 300 ppm. To unravel the biochemical mechanism of the tested extracts and compounds, their effects against protease, chitinase, phenoloxidases and lipase enzymes from the whole-body tissue of C. pipiens were evaluated after 72 h treatment at LC50 dose. Superior activity was observed for A. flavus extract against all tested enzymes. A molecular docking study was conducted for scopularide A and B on the four tested enzymes, to further verify the observed activity. Results revealed good binding affinities for both compounds as compared to the docked ligands, mainly via a number of hydrogen bonds. This was the first study to report the isolation of endophytic fungi A. flavus and A. nomius from the marine soft coral S. ehrenbergi. The endophytic fungal extract of A. flavus was found to be a promising source for a natural larvicidal agent against C. pipiens populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, skin care products and cosmetic preparations containing natural ingredients are widely preferred by consumers. Therefore, many cosmetic brands are encouraged to offer more natural products to the market, such as plant extracts that can be used for their antiaging, antiwrinkle, and depigmentation properties and other cosmetic purposes. In the current study, the volatile constituents of the hexane-soluble fraction of a Stenocarpus sinuatus (family Proteaceae) leaf methanol extract (SSHF) were analyzed using GC/MS analysis. Moreover, the antiaging activity of SSHF was evaluated through in vitro studies of anti-collagenase, anti-elastase, anti-tyrosinase, and anti-hyaluronidase activities. In addition, an in silico docking study was carried out to identify the interaction mechanisms of the major compounds in SSHF with the active sites of the target enzymes. Furthermore, an in silico toxicity study of the identified compounds in SSHF was performed. It was revealed that vitamin E (α-tocopherol) was the major constituent of SSHF, representing 52.59% of the extract, followed by γ-sitosterol (8.65%), neophytadiene (8.19%), β-tocopherol (6.07%), and others. The in vitro studies showed a significant inhibition by SSHF of collagenase, elastase, tyrosinase, and hyaluronidase, with IC50 values of 60.03, 177.5, 67.5, and 38.8 µg/mL, respectively, comparable to those of the positive controls epigallocatechin gallate (ECGC, for collagenase, elastase, hyaluronidase) and kojic acid (for tyrosinase). Additionally, the molecular docking study revealed good acceptable binding scores of the four major compounds, comparable to those of ECGC and kojic acid. Besides, the SSHF identified phytoconstituents showed no predicted potential toxicity nor skin toxicity, as determined in silico. In conclusion, the antiaging potential of SSHF may be attributed to its high content of vitamin E in addition to the synergetic effect of other volatile constituents. Thus, SSHF could be incorporated in pharmaceutical skin care products and cosmetics after further studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new biflavonoid, luteolin-(6→8'')-apigenin was isolated from 80% methanol extract of Schinus polygama (Cav.) Cabrera leaves (Anacardiaceae). The structure was elucidated by 1D and 2D-NMR spectroscopic data. This compound exhibited in vitro antidiabetic effect via α-amylase assay. Furthermore, it possesses anti-inflammatory activity through membrane stabilization effect on erythrocytes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Jordan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences is the property of University of Jordan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Schinus polygamus (Anacardiaceae) is a shrub cultivated in Egypt for ornamental purpose. The major components of bark oil were dl-limonene (29.74%), followed by myrtenal (14.02%) and caryophyllene oxide (11.34%), while E-caryophyllene (55.86%), dl-limonene (27.71%) and β-pinene (3.54%) were predominant in the leaf oil. These isolated oils were screened for their antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 33591, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 10145, Candida albicans MTCC183 and Aspergillus niger NRRL 595, and two clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. The leaf oil showed a remarkable inhibitory effect against all tested bacterial strains with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) range of 25 to 300 µg/mL, while the bark oil was active against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 10145 only. Furthermore, the bark and leaf oils revealed potent cytotoxic effects on HepG2 and Caco-2 cells with IC50 values of 1.56 to 24.12 µg/mL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phytochemical studies of methylene chloride soluble fraction from the 70% aqueous-alcoholic extract of Polyalthia longifolia (leaves) resulted in the isolation of two known clerodane diterpenes, namely: 16α-hydroxycleroda-3,13(14)-dien-16,15-olide (1) and (4→2)-abeo-16-hydroxy-cleroda-2,13(14)-dien-15,16-olide-3-al (2). The isolated compounds were evaluated for their anti-histaminic and anti-Helicobacter pylori activities. Compound 1 was more potent than 2 with IC50 29.7 μg/mL and 189.2 μg/mL in the anti-histaminic assay and MIC equals to 31.25 μg/mL and 125 μg/mL in the anti-H. pylori assay, as compared with diclofenac (IC50 = 17.9 μg/mL) and clarithromycin (MIC = 1.95 μg/mL), respectively. The differences in their structures, as well as their activity results, indicated important characteristic features necessary for activity. It was suggested that the decalin moiety in 1 was important for both activities. On the other hand, the (4→2)-abeo migration in 2 reduced both activities. The potent activities of 1 suggest its potential application as an anti-histaminic and antimicrobial agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fungal factories emerge as a promising source for the production of bioactive natural products. This study reports the isolation and structure elucidation of pulchranin A, for the first time, from an endophytic fungus (Aspergillus TRL1), which was cultured from Tabebuia rosea (Bignoniaceae) stems and identified by DNA ITS sequencing. Pulchranin A showed promising in-vitro cytotoxic effects against breast (MCF-7), liver (Hep-G2) and colorectal (HCT) cell lines, with IC50 values of 63, 80 and 91 µg/mL, respectively. In addition, it inhibited three cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK1, CDK2 and CDK4) in MCF-7 cells with IC50 values of 9.82, 15.6 and 2.7 µg/mL, respectively. Results were further supported by in-silico molecular docking of pulchranin A to CDK1, CDK2, and CDK4 crystal structures, where it demonstrated good interactions by H-bonding, hydrophobic and Pi-Pi interactions with different amino acid residues of these enzymes. Pulchranin A might be a potential CDK inhibitor in human breast cancer cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breast cancer is the most common among women cancers and the most likely to cause death. Citrus plants essential oils are reported for having potential cytotoxic activities. Thirty three and thirty five compounds were identified from leaves and green branches of Citrus limon (L.) Burm. family (Rutaceae), respectively. The main components were limonene (47.24 %; 55.23 %), geranial (14.48 %; 7.94 %) and neral (12.1 %; 6.1 %). Lemon leaf oil showed cytotoxic activity against breast carcinoma cells (MCF-7) at IC50 of 10 % (v/v). A significant increase in the expression levels of the apoptotic protein caspase-8, a significant decrease in the expression levels of both the anti-apoptotic protein BcL-2 and the proliferative marker Ki-67 were observed (in comparison with un treated cells ; p<0.05). The docking results showed high affinity of geranial against caspase-8 and caspase-9 indicating the promising cytotoxic effect of lemon oil through enhancing apoptosis. Further studies are required to test the safety and toxicological properties of the oil as medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The blood–brain barrier is considered the leading physiological obstacle hindering the transport of neurotherapeutics to brain cells. The application of nanotechnology coupled with surfactant coating is one of the efficacious tactics overcoming this barrier. The aim of this study was to develop lipid polymer hybrid nanoparticles (LPHNPs), composed of a polymeric core and a phospholipid shell entangled, for the first time, with PEG-based surfactants (SAA) viz. TPGS or Solutol HS 15 in comparison with the gold standard Tween 80, aiming to enhance brain delivery and escape opsonization. LPHNPs were successfully prepared using modified single-step nanoprecipitation technique, loaded with the flavonoid rutin (RU), extracted from the flowers ofCalendula officinalisL., and recently proved as a promising anti-Alzheimer. The effect of the critical process parameters (CPP)viz.PLGA amount,Wlecithin/WPLGAratio, and Tween 80 concentration on critical quality attributes (CQA); entrapment, size and size distribution, was statistically analyzedviadesign of experiments, and optimized using the desirability function. The optimized CPP were maintained while substituting Tween 80 with other PEG-SAA. All hybrid particles exhibited spherical shape with perceptible lipid shells. The biocompatibility of the prepared NPs was confirmed by hemolysis test. The pharmacokinetic assessments, post-intravenous administration to rats, revealed a significant higher RU bioavailability for NPs relative to drug solution. Biodistribution studies proved non-significant differences in RU accumulation within brain, but altered phagocytic uptake among various LPHNPs. The present study endorses the successful development of LPHNPs using PEG-SAA, and confirms the prospective applicability of TPGS and Solutol in enhancing brain delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Population-based genomics studies have proven successful in identifying genetic variants associated with diseases. High-quality biospecimens linked with informative health data from diverse segments of the population have made such research possible. However, the success of biobank research depends on the willingness of the public to participate in this type of research. We aimed to explore the factors associated with the willingness of the public to participate in biobank research from four low- and middle-income countries in the Arab region (Egypt, Jordan, Morocco, and Sudan). We used a previously validated questionnaire to assess several constructs that included the public's perceptions, attitudes, and willingness to participate in biobank research. We recruited 967 participants. More than half did not have prior awareness of biobanks. Participants' willingness to donate biospecimens and health data was less than 10%. Our results also showed that participants harbored concerns with trust, privacy, and with data-sharing involving international researchers. Predictors of willingness to participate in biobank research included no previous involvement in research and positive attitudes toward biobanks. Finally, our study showed several differences between the four countries regarding several of the investigated constructs. We conclude there should be additional efforts to raise public awareness and enhance perceptions of the public in biobanking research to enhance trust. We further recommend qualitative research to explore the underlying factors that contribute to the public's concerns with international data sharing that would enhance global health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel biflavonoid [kaempferol (6→8″) apigenin] was isolated from the leaves ofJacaranda acutifolia. The structure was elucidated based on chemical evidence, 1D and 2D spectroscopic analyses as well as spectrometric techniques. The compound showed promising cytotoxic activity against breast cancer cell line MCF-7. The anticancer activity was explained via virtual docking of the isolated compound to the main sites in the human cyclin-dependent kinase2 (CDK2) crystal structure. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Genus Jacaranda has been traditionally used in treating skin disorders, venereal diseases, leishmaniasis, colds and rheumatism. Additionally, some species have shown diuretic and astringent properties. Objective: This review highlights and updates the traditional uses, pharmacology and phytochemistry of the genus Jacaranda. Materials and Methods: Information was obtained from Google Scholar, Scirus, PubMed and ScienceDirect. Results: Phytochemical studies on Jacaranda species have shown the presence flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, phenylethanoids, sterols and triterpenes. Extracts of different Jacaranda species possess a wide range of pharmacological activities, such as antioxidant antidepressant, antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-leishmanial, antiprotozoal, hypotensive and anti-hypertriglyceridemic activities. Conclusion: The genus Jacaranda is a natural source of antioxidants and has been widely used in traditional Ethnobotany. Thus, it could be exploited as a potential source for plant-based pharmaceutical products. The present review could form a sound basis for further investigation in the potential discovery of new natural bioactive compounds and could provide preliminary information for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Camelthorn, Alhagi maurorum Boiss, family Fabaceae has long been used in African folk medicine owing to its richness in pharmacologically active metabolites. The crude extract (CEAM), ethyl acetate fraction (EFAM) and n-butanol (BFAM) fraction of A. maurorum aerial parts were investigated for their total polyphenols and oral antiulcer activity using in-vitro and in-vivo models. The major phenolic compound was isolated from the polyphenol-rich EFAM fraction and identified by conventional and spectroscopic methods of analysis as isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside. Furthermore, standardization of EAFM using UPLC-PDA-UV quantified isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside as 262.91 0.57 g/mg of the fraction. Analysis of EFAM using UPLC-PDA-MS/MS revealed tentative identification of 25 polyphenolic compounds. EFAM exhibited the most potent free radical scavenging activity against DPPH, with an IC50 (27.73 ± 1.85 µg/mL) and an FRAP value of (176.60 ± 5.21 μM Trolox equivalent (TE)/mg fraction) in comparison with CEAM and BFAM. Acetic acid-induced oral ulcers in a rat model were used to evaluate the healing properties of A. maurorum aerial parts. EFAM significantly decreased tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) by 36.4% and 50.8%, respectively, in the ulcer tissues while, CEAM and BFAM exhibited lower activity at the same dose. In addition, EFAM led to a significant (p < 0.0001) rise in the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), a cell proliferation marker. A. maurorum exhibited a potent healing effect in acetic acid-induced oral ulcers in rats by mitigating the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and improving PCNA expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: In the absence of reliable liver-protective drugs in modern medicine, a large number of medicinal preparations are recommended for treatment of liver disorders. Objective: The antioxidant, hepatoprotective and kidney protective activities of methanol extracts of Ficus carica Linn. (Moraceae) leaves and fruits and Morus alba Linn. root barks (Moraceae) are evaluated here. Materials and methods: Liver and kidney damage were induced in rats by carbon tetrachloride in a subcutaneous dose of 1 mL (40% v/v in corn oil)/kg. The extract was given intraperitoneally at doses of 50 mg/kg ( F. carica leaf and M. alba root bark) and 150 mg/kg ( F. carica fruit). The activity of the extracts was comparable to that of silymarin, a known hepatoprotective agent. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by measuring blood glutathione (GSH) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) activities, and malondialdehyde equivalent (MDA). Hepatoprotective activity was evaluated by measuring serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin, and total protein. These biochemical observations were supported by histopathological examination of liver sections. Kidney function was evaluated by measuring plasma urea and creatinine. Results: Methanol extracts of Ficus carica and Morus alba showed potent antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities; in-depth chromatographic investigation of the most active extract ( Ficus carica leaf extract) resulted in identification of umbelliferone, caffeic acid, quercetin-3- O-β--glucopyranoside, quercetin-3- O-α--rhamnopyranoside, and kaempferol-3- O-α--rhamnopyranoside. Discussion and conclusion: These findings demonstrate that the phenolic constituents of Ficus carica leaf and Morus alba root bark are responsible at least in part for the observed protective effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mango fruits sourced from tropical yields have had a high commercial comeback from being viewed as susceptible to chilling injury under long storage durations. When the fruits are exposed to cold storage, this results in physiological changes due to the side effects of the storage on the fruits, expanding the rates of loss during the period between harvest and marketing. It is difficult to harvest mangoes as the fruits show varying maturities and are located in different positions on the trees. The purpose of this study was to test the idea that fruits' location on the tree influences how the fruit behaves during cold storage. During two seasons (2019–2020), the impact of on-tree fruit location, i.e., sunny side (SUN; fruit exposed to the sun for most of the day), shade (SHA; fruit grown on the shady side of trees), and inside the canopy (INS; fruit grown inside the tree canopy), on the chilling sensitivity and the activities of antioxidant enzymes of 'Zibda' mangos stored at a low temperature (4 ± 1 °C) for 35 days was determined. In contrast to SHA and SUN mangos, INS fruits were shown to be progressively tolerant to low storage temperatures. These fruits also showed the highest activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). In addition, the contents of O2− and H2O2 decreased in INS fruit during storage. Consequently, the cell membrane compartments were maintained, showing low accumulation of both malondialdehyde (MDA) and the protein carbonyl group (PCG) during storage. These results indicate that the fruit positions can also be considered at the time of harvesting for the classification of fruits before cold storage. This classification can also be added to the mango trading protocol to minimize the loss of economic returns by chilling injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oxidative stress is usually associated with many neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, the gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis of cold-pressed oil (CPO) from black pepper (Piper nigrum) fruits was performed and its neuroprotective effects were evaluated for the first time. The analysis of CPO revealed the presence of the lignan sesamin (39.78%), the alkaloid piperine (33.79%), the monoterpene hydrocarbons 3-carene (9.53%) and limonene (6.23%), and the sesquiterpene β-caryophyllene (10.67%). Black pepper hydrodistilled oil (HDO) was also comparatively analyzed by GC–MS to show the impact of oil isolation by two different methodologies on their components and class of compounds identified. HDO analysis revealed 35 compounds (99.64% of the total peak areas) mainly composed of monoterpene hydrocarbons (77.28%), such as limonene (26.50%), sabinene (21.36%), and β-pinene (15.53%), and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (20.59%) represented mainly by β-caryophyllene (19.12%). Due to the low yield obtained for HDO (0.01% v/w), only CPO was chosen for the evaluation of its neuroprotective potential. Alzheimer-type dementia was induced in rats by scopolamine intraperitoneal injection (1.5 mg/kg/day) for seven days. CPO was administered orally (100 mg/kg) for a week before scopolamine administration and then concomitantly for another week. Donepezil (1 mg/kg, orally) was used as a reference drug. CPO administration significantly improved the rat behaviors as evaluated by the Morris water maze test, evident from prolongation in time spent in the platform quadrant (262.9%, compared to scopolamine) and increasing in the crossing time by 18.18% compared to the control group. The rat behavior tested by passive avoidance, showed prolongation in the step-through latency compared to control. Moreover, CPO significantly (p < 0.05) ameliorated the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) equivalents by 22.48%, 45.41%, and 86.61%, respectively, compared to scopolamine. Furthermore, CPO administration decreased scopolamine-induced elevated acetylcholinesterase levels in rats' hippocampi by 51.30%. These results were supported by histopathological and in silico molecular docking studies. Black pepper oil may be a potential antioxidant and neuroprotective supplement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to analyze the essential oils of the aerial parts (A) and flowers (F) of Rosa banksiae var. banksiae Ait. (RBW), Rosa polyantha Thunb. "orange fairy" (RPO) and Rosa polyantha Thunb. "white fairy" (RPW), family Rosaceae, and perform multivariate data analyses and antimicrobial activity evaluations. The essential oil analyses were performed by GC/FID and GC/MS. Principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), and clustered heat map were used for the multivariate analyses. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by the well-diffusion method against four bacteria and four fungi. Two hundred fifty-three compounds were identified from the six oil samples. The major components in RBW-A, RPO-A, and RPW-A were n-undecane (14.40, 19.36, and 9.21%) n-dodecane (14.54, 22.13, and 8.39%), and yomogi alcohol (8.41, 10.53, and 6.28%), respectively, whereas RBW-F, RPO-F and RPW-F contained n-heptadecane (16.70%), n-undecane (7.98%), and β-phellandrene (22.78%), respectively. The tested essential oils showed moderate antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus compared to amphotericin B. PCA and HCA revealed five main clusters. The six samples carried close chemical profiles and can be regarded as fruitful sources of safe antifungal agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most widely distributed soft coral species, found especially in shallow waters of the Indo-Pacific region, Red Sea, Mediterranean Sea, and also the Arctic, is genus Sacrophyton. The total number of species belonging to it was estimated to be 40. Sarcophyton species are considered to be a reservoir of bioactive natural metabolites. Secondary metabolites isolated from members belonging to this genus show great chemical diversity. They are rich in terpenoids, in particular, cembranoids diterpenes, tetratepenoids, triterpenoids, and ceramide, in addition to steroids, sesquiterpenes, and fatty acids. They showed a broad range of potent biological activities, such as antitumor, neuroprotective, antimicrobial, antiviral, antidiabetic, antifouling, and anti-inflammatory activity. This review presents all isolated secondary metabolites from species of genera Sacrophyton, as well as their reported biological activities covering a period of about two decades (1998–2019). It deals with 481 metabolites, including 323 diterpenes, 39 biscembranoids, 11 sesquiterpenes, 53 polyoxygenated sterols, and 55 miscellaneous and their pharmacological activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]