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Background: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a common hair disorder. Finasteride and minoxidil have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of AGA. However, some side effects have been related to the intake of these drugs. Recently, plasma rich in growth factors has emerged as a safe alternative for the management of pattern hair loss. The purposes of the present study are to evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety of plasma rich in growth factors (PRGFs) versus topical minoxidil treatment in AGA-affected patients. Methods: Following a retrospective case control design, 379 patients treated with either PRGF or minoxidil were included in this study. Diagnostic trichograms at baseline and 4 months after treatment were performed with the aim of analyzing the anagen/telogen hair change improvement. Results: PRGF-treated patients showed higher anagen hair increase improvement compared to minoxidil-treated ones (6.9 ± 0.4 and 4.6 ± 0.5 %, respectively) ( p < 0.05). Telogen hair decrease improvement was also higher in PRGF group (5.7 ± 0.3 and 2.6 ± 0.5 %, respectively) ( p < 0.05). Global photographs showed an overall volume and quality hair improvement for both treatments. No adverse effects were reported. Conclusions: This retrospective study shows that PRGF is a safe and effective treatment for AGA and evidences that PRGF exerts improved anagen/telogen results than topical minoxidil. Level of evidence: Level IV, therapeutic study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The combined analysis of the final event set of data on neutrino interactions inside the detector, upward going stopping muons and horizontal muons recorded in the Fréjus experiment is presented. The absolute atmospheric neutrino spectra in the energy range $$320{\rm M}eV< E_{v_e }< 30GeV$$ for electron neutrinos and $$320{\rm M}eV< E_{v_\mu }< 30GeV$$ for muon neutrinos are determined. Based on the parameterization of Volkova for the v a spectral index of γ=2.66±0.05 is obtained from the ratio of horizontal muons over upward going stopping muons and from the measurement of the energy loss of horizontal muons inside the detector. The neutrino spectra are compared with various flux calculations. They do not show any evidence for neutrino oscillations in agreement with earlier analyses of the Fréjus data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]