Search

A simple and efficient one-pot three component method for the synthesis of quinazoline derivatives was developed by using wet zinc ferrite as a catalyst under solvent-free conditions in an open air atmosphere. Moderate reaction conditions, excellent yields of products, short reaction times, simple workup procedure, and reuse of the recovered catalyst are the main advantages of this method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple and highly efficient method for the synthesis of 2-substituted quinazolinone derivatives was developed by using zinc ferrite as a catalyst under solvent-free conditions in open air atmosphere. The moderate reaction conditions, good or excellent yield of products, short reaction times, and simple workup procedure are the main advantages of this method. Moreover, the catalyst (ZnFe2O4) can be easily separated by simple filtration. The recovery of the catalyst was more than 92%. The recovered catalyst could be used at least three times without significant loss in activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of 2-substituted benzimidazole and benzothiazole derivatives were synthesized by condensation of aldehydes with o-phenylenediamine and 2-aminobenzenethiol, respectively, using a catalytic amount of wet zinc ferrite under solvent-free conditions. The characteristic features of the new protocol are clean reaction profile and the use of inexpensive and environmentally friendly catalyst. The method is operationally simple and applicable to aliphatic, aromatic, and heteroaromatic aldehydes without significant differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A facile and efficient synthesis of 2,4,6-triarylpyridines by the cyclocondensationof acetophenone, aldehydes, and ammonium acetate in the presence of zinc ferrite as a catalystunder solvent-free conditionshas been developed. Easy work up procedure, excellent yields, short reaction time,and recyclable and reusable catalyst are advantages of this protocol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physical and nutritional attributes of aonla juice treated with hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) at a pressure range of 5–15 psi and time between 5 to 30 min were evaluated. Based on maximum retention of bioactives, antioxidant activity, inactivation of polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and physicochemical properties, HC conditions were optimized at 10 psi for 15 min, based on retention of 92.19% antioxidant activity, 88.01% vitamin C, and 96.80% of total phenolic content. Improved sedimentation index and viscosity were noted due to HC processing. The color profile of HC-treated samples was improved with less browning (63.86) and yellowing index (14.79) than that of control (browning index 64.61). Thermally treated samples inactivated 100% of PPO at 95 ℃ for 3 min, however, formation of a dark color with a browning index value of 67.38 was noted. The retention of various bioactives in thermally treated juice samples was much lesser than that of HC-treated samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we synthesized zinc oxide (ZnO) thin film by using a cost effective chemical bath deposition technique (CBD) at 90∘C. The as-deposited ZnO films exhibited polycrystalline in nature. The FESEM image shows growth of nanorods about 0.2 μ m length. The Raman spectrum was recorded using frequency of 532 nm with excited line Nd-YAG laser. The optical band gap of ZnO thin film obtained 3.37 eV. The value of RMS roughness is determined by atomic force microscopy (AFM), found to be 34 nm. The supercapactive studies were determined in 2 M KOH aqueous electrolyte by means of cyclic voltammetry and charge–discharge technique. ZnO exhibited maximum specific capacitance of ZnO 204 F/g at the scan rate of 5 mV/s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context Drug utilization studies help medical practitioners and health policy makers to decide an individualized specific drug pattern for a particular disease or disease group. Aims This study was planned to study drug utilization patterns among patients visiting the Gynecology Outpatient Department (OPD) of a rural tertiary care teaching hospital. Settings and design This was a prospective, descriptive, cross-sectional, observational study conducted over 2 months in the gynecology Outpatient Department of a rural tertiary care teaching hospital in Maharashtra state. Patients and methods A total of 200 prescriptions of patients were studied. Various prescribing indicators by WHO were used for the analysis. Statistical analysis used Statistical analysis was primarily descriptive with values mainly expressed as percentages using Microsoft Excel. Results In majority of the rural middle-aged patients, all patients received 3.8 drugs per encounter indicating a trend of polypharmacy. Majorly, the drugs were prescribed by brand names than generic names, which lead to extra cost to the patients. The most commonly reported diseases were reproductive tract infections, sexually transmitted infections, pelvic inflammatory diseases, and dysmenorrhea. The most commonly prescribed groups of the drug were antibiotics majorly metronidazole, doxycycline followed by clindamycin followed by NSAIDs followed by iron, folic acid, and calcium. Conclusion It can be concluded that physicians prescribe medicines based on their knowledge, previous experience with the drug, their perceptions, habits, and peer influences. Drug utilization studies like this are important for continuous approaches toward a positive change in the use of medicines and promotion of rational use of medicines in the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wet zinc oxide nanopowder was found to be a highly effective catalyst for the cyclization of o-aminobenzamide with aldehydes, followed by dehydrogenation under air atmosphere. The presence of moisture in the catalyst played a crucial role in the selective formation of quinazolin-4(3H)-ones under solvent-free conditions. The procedure is operationally simple, and it does not need toxic or volatile organic solvents and provides excellent yield of the products. Moreover, the catalyst was recycled and reused in three successive reactions without significant loss of activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphite was used to prepare functionalized graphene oxide (GO) by Hummers method. The α-Fe2O3 powder was prepared by hydrothermal technique. Thin-film electrodes of GO, α-Fe2O3 (0.05. 0.1 and 0.2 M concentrations) and graphene coupled with α-Fe2O3@GO (1, 2 and 3 %) were prepared by spray pyrolysis technique using air and various optimized conditions: the distance between the spray nozzle and the substrate was 22 cm, the flow rate was 5 ml/min, and were used as anode material for supercapacitor. GO and α-Fe2O3@GO nanocomposite were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The FTIR showed the strong band at 1735 cm–1 associated with stretching vibration modes of C=O in carboxylic acid and carbonyl groups. The XRD (002) peak disappeared and the (111) peak appeared for graphite and GO, respectively, i.e., the product was completely oxidized after chemical oxidation and exfoliation. The SEM showed that thick sheets are stacked together. For electrochemical studies, cyclic voltammetry and stability of GO and α-Fe2O3@GO nanocomposite were carried out using three electrode configurations in 1 M KCl aqueous electrolyte. The GO, α-F0.05, α-F0.05@1%GO nanocomposites provided the maximum specific capacitance of 262, 201 and 312 F·g -1 at a scan rate of 2 mV·s-1, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The solvent-free approach has been developed for the direct conversion of aldehydes into cyanides using wet zinc oxide nanopowder as a catalyst. The wetness of heterogeneous catalysts is established for the conversion. Compared with other catalytic methods, the current procedure has certain advantages such as short reaction time, high yield of products, solvent-free reaction conditions, non-toxic and commercially available catalyst. The catalyst was recovered by simple filtration and reused in three successive reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents study on effect of meteorological variables on powdery mildew disease intensity of ber at Rahuri, Maharashtra, India. It reports how Horticultural crop production in India has been threatened due to various fungal, bacterial and viral diseases which cause considerable quantitative and qualitative losses to the horticultural crops.

The last three decades, use of modern organic synthetic pesticides has increased in agriculture sector in order to improve crops yield with low labour and effort. Various pesticides such as insecticides, herbicides, fungicides etc. are being used intensively in agriculture leading to numerous health-related problems due to unsystematic applications of the same. These chemicals influence almost every system of environment especially aquatic ecosystems. Pesticides residues reach into the aquatic environment by surface run-off causing risk hazards for aquatic flora and fauna, fishes being one of the most affected organisms. These pesticide residues enter in non-targeted animals via food chain threatening the ecological balance and biodiversity of the nature. Long-term exposure of dimethoate induces biochemical changes in the protein content of fish. Dimethoate is widely used insecticide that relentleely causes toxic effects in the various aquatic organisms especially in fishes. The effect of dimethoate on certain metabolism of protein was evaluated in the liver, gills and muscle of the Puntius ticto during sub lethal toxicity exposure to 30 days. The present findings suggest that accumulation of dimethoate critically altered the protein content in the liver, gills and muscles of Puntius ticto. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents research report on effect of leaf wetness and soil temperatures on pea rust development caused by Royce's viciae-fabae (Pers.) de Bary. Topics include that Uromyces viciae-fabae (Pers.) de Bary is autoecious, macrocyclic, heterothallic rust fungus having wide range of collateral hosts including pea crop and causes significant yield losses.

The Mn supported on Ce substituted hydroxyapatite (HAp) catalyst was prepared by co-precipitation method and investigated for the low-temperature oxidation of toluene as a model component of VOC. The present work demonstrated the substitution of Ce in HAp in place of Ca. Furthermore, the effect of calcination temperature on oxidation activity of the catalyst was examined by calcining the catalyst at 400, 500 and 600 °C. The low-temperature calcination could favour the insertion of Ce in HAp, whereas higher calcination temperature could lead to the formation of separate CeO2 phase. The catalyst was characterized by using XRD, surface area, XPS, H2-TPR, ATR-FTIR techniques. The probable bonding between Ce and hexagonal HAp, which favors the oxidation of toluene at lower temperature has been explained with the calcination effect. The Ce substitution in HAp leads to the decrease in toluene activation energy which consequently increases the toluene conversion rate. The improvement in Mn2O3/Mn3O4 ↔ MnO2 redox cycle was observed due to the Ce substitution compared to unsubstituted Mn supported on HAp. The ATR-FTIR toluene adsorption study demonstrated the plausible mechanism of toluene oxidation. The activation of toluene on Ce substituted catalyst surface could proceed through the adsorption of the –CH3 group, whereas toluene adsorbed on unsubstituted catalyst surface through ortho, meta or para C–H bond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of Ba-doped CoOx/CeO2−y catalysts was prepared by co-precipitation followed by the deposition–precipitation method. The catalysts were investigated for selective oxidation (selox) of benzyl alcohol (B-ol) using tertiary butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) without solvent and activity was compared with Co0.5/Ce0.5. The Ba loading has been optimized with time and temperature for selox reaction. The catalyst was characterized by various surface and bulk characterization techniques. The characterization study indicates that the synergistic interaction between Ba and CoCe could form more oxygen vacancies and peroxide species responsible for the activation of B-ol and TBHP. The formation of Ba(O2)1−xOx oxide (peroxide) was observed and could be responsible for the activation of B-ol. The optimum Ba doping enhances selectivity and yields benzaldehyde. However, the increase in Ba concentration on CoOx/CeO2−y could lead to the over-oxidation of B-ol to by-products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of temperature on spore germination of Uromyces viciae fabae (Pers.) de Baryon pea plant was studied using cavity slide germination method at different temperatures like 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 °C and spore viability was studied by germination test employing cavity slide technique at 10, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 and 240 days after storage at different temperatures i.e. 15, 20, 25, 30 °C in incubator and at 5 to 10 °C in refrigerator. The result indicated that maximum germination of aeciospore, urediospore and teliospore was observed at 20 °C temperature. At 5 °C storage temperature, the survival of aeciospore, urediospore and teliospore was found maximum for 60, 120 and 240 days, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

α-FeO thin films were deposited through spray pyrolysis technique with different precursor solution concentrations i.e. (0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 M) of iron nitrate at optimized 400 °C temperature. The effect of precursor concentrations on material properties such as structural, morphological, contact angle and electrochemical supercapacitive were explored. Structural analysis, using X-ray diffraction confirmed the hexagonal phase of the films polycrystalline in nature. The Scanning electron microscopy showed large area grannual morphology. Contact angle analysis of α-FeO thin films illustrated hydrophobic in nature. The supercapacitive performance of FeO thin film electrodes were explored in 1M NaOH aqueous electrolyte. The specific capacitance was decreased from 277 F g to 196 F g as the concentrations of precursor solution varied from 0.05 to 0.2 M. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Manganese oxide (MnO) thin films were deposited by spray pyrolysis technique at optimized temperature 400 °C. The hausmannite tetragonal crystal structure of MnO was confirmed by X-ray diffraction. The average grain size was found to be 70 nm for (301) prominent plane. Scanning electron micrographs revealed that material has high degree of porosity useful for supercapacitor application. The atomic force microscopy analysis showed that the surface morphology is rough. The electrochemical performance of MnO electrode tested using cyclic voltammetry at 0.25, 0.5 and 1 M molar of NaSO electrolyte within the potential range of −1.6 to +1 V. Among the above molarities, 1 M NaSO electrolyte showed high specific capacitance of 527 F g at low scan rate of 5 mV s. The obtained specific energy, specific power and coulomb efficiency of MnO electrode were 6.52 Wh kg, 4.5 kW kg and 89.94 %, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 4-( o-methoxyphenyl)-2 aminothiazole was synthesized by reacting o-methoxyacetophenone, iodine, and thiourea; and characterized by spectral UV-Visible, Infra-Red (IR), H nuclear magnetic resonance, CNMR, gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy, and thermal analyses. From the thermo gravimetric-differential thermal analysis curve, various kinetic parameters like order of reaction ( n), energy of activation ( E), pre-exponential factor ( Z), entropy of activation (Δ S), and free energy change ( G) have been calculated using Coats-Redfern, MacCallum-Tanner, and Horowitz-Metzger methods. The compound was evaluated for antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis 2063 and Escherichia coli 2931, and its mechanism of action was studied by fluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. A novel functional application of MPAT, a quorum sensing mediated inhibition of biofilm was studied in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which is hitherto un-attempted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The LPG gas sensing response of polyethylene oxide (PEO)-Cu (Cu = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9 and 1.0 wt. %) composite thick films prepared on alumina substrates by using novel screen printing technique are reported in present paper. The gas sensing responses of films were tested at 1000 ppm of LPG by using home-built static gas sensing system [between room temperature - 50 °C]. A very high value of SF = 1400 was obtained at an optimum temperature of 47 °C for a film with Cu = 0.7 wt.%. Further, better LPG sensing response, SF = 700 was obtained at low operating temperature = 36 °C for a film with Cu = 0.2 wt. %. The LPG sensing responses of the films were found to be strongly influenced by concentration level of Cu additive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The preparation of Co3O4 films containing 1-D interlinked nanowires by electrochemical deposition technique using CH3COO)2Co.4H2O solutions in distilled water and study of their optical properties are reported in this paper. The films are characterized by using XRD, UV-visible & FTIR spectroscopies, XPS and SEM. The characterization studies showed that the resultant films are impurity free, phase pure Co3O4 with cubic spinel symmetry and contain 1-D interlinked nanowires having diameter & length between 250-350 nm & 2-10 μm respectively. The resultant films showed the better values of absorptance (α) = 0.94, emittance (ε) = 0.17 and selectivity = 5.529 as compared to reported data. These films are found to have good prospects for selective solar absorption coatings because their optical properties indicate the red shift of absorption peaks, exhibiting thereby quantum-confined effect and behavior of semiconductor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on the effects of several environmental factors including temperature, wind velocity, and humidity on the rust severity of pea in Maharashtra, India. Topics mentioned include the effects of rust on the pea yields, the effects of bacterial, fungal, and viral diseases on pea production, and the Uromyces viciae fabae pathogen that causes rust on the plant.

Suggests ways to help improve records management. Benefit of automated records integration; Basic steps toward a records management systems; Use of standard terminology forms and a bona fide retention systems.