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The influence of a dielectric layer with an embedded 2D array of metal nanoparticles on the spectral characteristics of a distributed Bragg reflector is theoretically studied and numerically validated. A significant dependence of the reflectivity of the hybrid structure on the location of the nanoparticle array relative to the maxima and minima of the optical field in the surface dielectric layer is demonstrated. It is found that the application of a dilute ensemble of nanoparticles (the interparticle distance is from 2 to 5 times larger than the nanoparticle size) in the region of high optical field localization makes it possible to obtain a total suppression of reflection in the photonic bandgap range of distributed Bragg reflector. Contrariwise, if the optical field is almost zero at the nanoparticle array location, its impact on the scattered light is negligible, that is, the resonant nanoparticles are masked by a highly reflective photonic structure. The target wavelength can be tuned inside the photonic bandgap range by adjusting the shape of nanoparticles and interparticle distance in the array. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of let-7a-5p, miR-9a-3p, miR-132-3p, miR-218a-5p microRNA inhibitors and mimetics, when administered into the dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (DMN), on the markers of age-related changes in blood plasma in 3-month-old and 24-month-old male rats was studied. In the 24-month-old control rats, the content of C-reactive protein (CRP) increased, and the level of myoglobin decreased compared to the 3-month-old animals. After te administration of miRNA inhibitors, the level of CRP significantly increased, and the content of myoglobin decreased, and after the administration of miRNA mimetics, opposite changes were observed. We found no significant differences in the content of somatotropic hormone and testosterone between the control and experimental groups, as well as between the 3-month-old and 24-month-old animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We presented numerical estimates of the degree of quantum entanglement based on Schmidt mode analysis for ultra-broadband biphotonic states generated in a photonic crystal fiber. We show that these states have a high degree of quantum entanglement even when the source is pumped broadband by femtosecond laser pulses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PD-1 inhibitors have shown unconventional response patterns in classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). These include the phenomenon of pseudoprogression, highlighting the need for specialized response criteria such as the LyRIC, which stringened definitions for disease progression with introduction of indeterminate response category. Despite their potential utility, these provisional criteria are currently underutilized and require further refinement through clinical practice data collection. In this retrospective study LyRIC criteria were systematically used for response assessments in 180 patients with refractory cHL treated with nivolumab. Median follow-up was 60 months. Indeterminate response (IR) was a frequent phenomenon in study population: at 3 months of therapy 63 (35%) patients had an indeterminate response (IR1 7%, IR2 23%, IR3 6%). Among them 18 (29%) achieved an objective response with continued monotherapy. There were no differences in OS or TTNT depending on the type of IR. IR was the best achieved response in 45 (25%) patients. Patients with IR had favorable prognosis with no difference in OS, PFS and TTNT comparing to patients with PR when subsequent therapy was initiated due to disease progression. Patients with IR may achieve prolonged disease control or a deeper response upon continuing treatment. These findings support the broader implementation and adjustment of LyRIC criteria in clinical practice to enhance decision-making in cHL patients treated with immunotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The study of mechanisms of plant responses to extreme conditions, particularly, microgravity and ionizing radiation, is crucial for space exploration. Modern space biology of plants focuses on increasing plant tolerance to harsh conditions of space environment. Given the limited access to the International Space Station, we designed and assembled the 3D clinostat for mimicking microgravity, which, in combination with proton irradiation, allows simulating space conditions. As a case study for testing the device, we studied the effect of clinostating on Arabidopsis thaliana accession originating from the Chernobyl exclusion zone. Materials and Methods: Using the combined clinostating and proton irradiation, we simulated the conditions of long-term space flight for Arabidopsis thaliana plants of the Chernobyl accession – progeny of chronically irradiated plants, grown from field-collected (Masa-0) and laboratory-cultivated (Masa-0-1) seeds, and for wild-type Col-8. The clinostating and irradiation of plants were also carried out separately. Plant responses were studied as photosynthetic and phenotypic endpoints of seedlings. Results and Conclusions: Parameters of chlorophyll fluorescence estimated immediately after exposure showed that Masa-0-1 plants were resistant to the simulated space conditions, while Masa-0 demonstrated modulation of non-photochemical fluorescence quenching. Proton irradiation generally inhibited photosynthesis of Masa-0, Masa-0-1, and Col-8 seedlings. The combined effect of irradiation and clinostating modulated the photosynthetic activity of Col-8 seedlings. The leaf area of seedlings did not change after exposure to simulated conditions. The 3D clinostat model and software are published along with this article for researchers interested in the field of space biology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of spin effects in elastic proton–proton and antiproton–proton scattering in the SPASCHARM experiment at U-70 accelerator facility (Institute for High Energy Physics, National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Protvino, Moscow oblast) is discussed. Polarized beams or a polarized target of the experiment will be used to measure the analyzing power of elastic scattering of protons and antiprotons. The possibility of using two different types of the detectors to register recoil particles of elastic scattering of protons is analyzed. In the first case, it is proposed to use scintillation counters, the second option is a detector based on proportional chambers. A comparison of the registration efficiency of elastic scattering for two configurations of the experimental setup is carried out, and the required measurement time is determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The geological structure was studied and the age of a number of tectonostratigraphic units in the Koryak Highlands was established for the first time. Radiolarian associations have been established that existed in various paleogeographic provinces and were combined in single tectonostratigraphic complexes. Cases of redeposition of radiolarians in siliceous rocks observed in accretionary prisms and olistostrome strata in the Koryak Highlands have been recorded. New localities of radiolarians have been discovered, which have made it possible to expand the scope of geographic distribution for some taxa. A bipolar distribution has been established for some representatives of radiolarians, first encountered in the northern hemisphere in Chukotka. The stratigraphic range of distribution for some species in the North-East of Russia and the age of a number of regional and local stratigraphic units have been clarified. A division scheme for the Middle Jurassic-Berriasian according to radiolarians for the Koryak Highlands is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report on InGaAs/GaAs quantum dot injection microdisk lasers laterally connected with a bus waveguide fabricated by planar technology from the same epi-structure. Various coupling schemes of microlaser with waveguide are studied including a microlaser attached to a waveguide (zero gap), a 100 nm gap for evanescence light outcoupling, and with a waveguide surrounding the resonator. The modes outcoupling and microlaser's loss (Q-factor) are analyzed by simulation of the lasers. A strong decrease in the number of the microdisk resonance lines associated with an increase in loss in the resonator due to the coupling with waveguide is observed in modeling and experimentally. We study the spectral and lasing parameters of the microdisk lasers, as well as characteristics of the outcoupled emission, and demonstrate efficient light outcoupling for 30 and 40 μm diameter continuous wave operating microdisk laser up to 96 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report a theoretical analysis of a photonic quantum interface, which makes it possible to deterministically convert photonic qubits from subcarrier wave to polarization encoding. The interface provides unambiguous conversion of an arbitrary phase of the input signal into the corresponding polarization of the converted radiation. Possibilities of implementing this interface in an integrated optical design and its use in constructing a hybrid quantum network are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we have provided an overview and description of three leading sources of planetary ephemerides: the ephemerides from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and their developed ephemeris theory DE; the ephemerides from the Institute of Celestial Mechanics and Ephemeris Calculation (IMCCE) and their developed theory INPOP; and the ephemeris theory EPM developed at the Institute of Applied Astronomy, Russian Academy of Sciences (IAA RAS). The methods and observational data sets used in constructing each of the theories have been described. A comparison of the ephemerides computed within these theories has been made using examples from future space missions. It has been shown that the differences in computed positions do not exhibit systematic characteristics and represent rather random discrepancies caused by variations in dynamic models and the observational data taken into account. The overall conclusion from the comparison of the ephemerides has been that none of the considered options (JPL DE, EPM, and INPOP) has an advantage in terms of accuracy. All three options have been equally valid, and any of the three ephemeris options can be used in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While cryotherapy is one of the traditional ways to reduce postoperative complications in maxillofacial surgery, the cooling degree is not regulated in most cases and the achieved effect is not properly controlled. Therefore, to develop optimal cooling modes, we propose to study the buccal vascular response to cooling, which has not been previously shown. To evaluate the effect of cooling, we analyzed vessel networks using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT‐A). The cheek vessels were OCT‐A monitored using cooling by an ice bag/cooling mask. We found the advantages of using a cooling mask over an ice bag consist of a statistically significant decrease in the perfused vessel density (PVD) of the papillary layer at the oral mucosa. The absence of the reticular layer vessel reaction to any type of cooling was noted. We argue for the necessity to develop optimal modes of cryotherapy, which will contribute to blood perfusion reduction and reduction of PVD recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the problem of raising product quality, which can be achieved due to the use of platform corporate programs that are combined with digital technologies. In the context of the research, we identify rmine the system character of the process of management of product quality and characterise its components. They include the corresponding standards, philosophy of total quality management, tools, and program solutions. The purpose of this research is to reveal the connection between the processes of digitalisation of economic subjects and the level of the use of platform solutions to raise product quality. Within this research, we formed an array of data which characterises the level of digital maturity of organisations in different sectors of the economies of the EU countries. Based on this, we identified a high level of differentiation of digital maturity of organisations in different countries and spheres of economy. We also determined the presence of a close direct connection between the level of digital maturity of organisations and the level of the use of platform solutions for product quality management. These solutions include the domination of ERP platforms. We also substantiated the necessity of integrating them with other types of programs and digital technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The most important phase in the endometrial pathologies diagnostics is the histological examination of tissue biopsies obtained under visual hysteroscopic control. However, the unclear visual diagnostics characteristics of subtle focal endometrial pathologies often lead to selection errors regarding suspicious endometrial lesions and to a subsequent false pathological diagnosis/underestimation of precancer or early-stage cancer. Methods: In this study, we investigate the potential of Multimodal Optical Coherence Tomography (MM OCT) to verify suspicious endometrial lesion regions before biopsy collection. We study the polarization (by cross-polarization OCT, CP OCT) and elastic (by compression OCT-elastography, C-OCE) properties of ex vivo endometrial tissue samples in normal conditions (proliferative and secretory phases to the menstrual cycle, atrophic endometrium) with endometrial hyperplasia (non-atypical and endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia) and endometrial cancer subtypes (low-grade, high-grade, clear cell and serous). Results: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first quantitative assessment of relevant OCT parameters (depth-resolved attenuation coefficient in co-[Att(co) values] and cross-[(Att(cross) values] polarizations and Young's elastic modulus [stiffness values]) for the selection of the most objective criteria to identify the clinically significant endometrial pathologies: endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia and endometrial cancer. The study demonstrates the possibility of detecting endometrial pathologies and establishing optimal threshold values of MM OCT criteria for the identification of endometrial cancer using CP OCT (by Att(co) values = 3.69 mm−1, Sensitivity (Se) = 86.1%, Specificity (Sp) = 92.6%; by Att(cross) values = 2.27 mm−1, Se = 86.8%, Sp = 87.0%) and C-OCE (by stiffness values = 122 kPa, Se = 93.2%, Sp = 91.1%). The study also differentiates endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia from non-atypical endometrial hyperplasia and normal endometrium using C-OCE (by stiffness values = 95 kPa, Se = 87.2%, Sp = 90.1%). Conclusions: The results are indicative of the efficacy and potential of clinical implementation of in vivo hysteroscopic-like MM OCT in the diagnosis of endometrial pathologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The widespread use of insecticides poses a significant threat to the health and sustainability of honeybees (Apis mellifera). This study aimed to isolate, identify, and investigate the potential of honeybee gut bacterial strains in mitigating the detrimental effects of insecticides on honeybees and extending their lifespan. The efficacy of seven honeybee gut bacterial strains in reducing insecticide toxicity was evaluated. Through the identification of honeybee gut bacterial isolates using 16s rRNA, seven strains were identified, namely Priestia endophytica, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus pumilus, Peribacillus frigoritolerans, B. subtilis, Bacillus pumilus, and Bacillus tequilensis. The experimental results revealed that bees treated with these gut bacteria significantly reduced oxidative stress markers and detoxification enzyme levels compared to untreated bees. Moreover, the treated bees demonstrated enhanced immune responses. The bees treated with deltamethrin + intestinal bacteria showed an increase in bees' lifespan to 6.33 days compared to a lifespan of 4 days with deltamethrin only. Similarly, bees treated with acetamiprid intestinal bacteria had further extended to 10.33 days compared to a lifespan of 7.67 days with acetamiprid. These findings suggest that using honeybee gut bacterial strains may serve as a sustainable strategy to mitigate the harmful impacts of insecticides on honeybees, thereby promoting their overall health and contributing to the preservation of pollination services and apiculture. Further research is warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and optimize the application of these natural products in honeybee management practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the scattering of a single-photon pulse from quantum two-level system (qubit) coupled to a continuum spectrum of modes in a one-dimensional (1D) nanophotonic waveguide. We consider two different cases—single-excitation subspace, when photon is incident on a qubit in the ground state, and two-excitation subspace, when photon is incident on excited qubit. For both cases, we find the spatial distribution of photon fields inside a waveguide and derive a time-dependent analytical solution for qubit and photon amplitudes, which can be used to obtain probabilities to find excited qubit and forward or backward moving photons in different configurations. We find that incident wave has much higher probability to be transmitted through the excited qubit which is a signature of single-photon stimulated emission. This property together with a fact that a qubit in the ground state almost completely reflects resonant photons, which can be used to develop method to detect qubit state in an open waveguide. By analyzing two-photon amplitudes for photon incident on excited qubit, we show clear evidence of stimulated emission. Calculations are performed for two initial states of incident photon: plane wave and Gaussian pulse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

First results on the polarization of hyperons inclusively produced on 26.5-GeV/c and beams are presented. The measurements were carried out using the SPASCHARM setup at the U-70 accelerator facility (Protvino, Russia) on nuclear targets in 2021 and 2022. The polarization of an hyperon on the beam does not exceed several percent in most of the studied kinematic region. The data obtained on the -meson beam exhibit a significant positive polarization at large values of the Feynman variable xF and transverse momentum pT measured for the first time on nuclei. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To enhance the energy density of Li‐ion batteries, high‐capacity and high‐voltage cathode materials are needed. Recently, Ni‐rich layered oxides have attracted attention as they can offer ≈200 mAh g−1 when cycled up to 4.3 V. However, cycling these materials in their full capacity range often leads to excessive reactivity with the electrolyte, resulting in particle cracking, transition metal dissolution, and oxygen loss. In this study, the use of lithium hydridoaluminates as electrolyte additives is explored for lithium‐ion batteries based on nickel‐rich cathode materials. Being mild reducing agents, these additives act as HF scavengers, avoiding transition metal dissolution from the cathode. Additionally, their oxidation results in the formation of an Al‐rich protective layer on the cathode, which dampens the surface reactivity, preventing surface reconstruction and impedance build‐up. This study further stresses the important role of the cathode‐electrolyte interface phenomena on the capacity degradation of Ni‐rich cathode materials and provides a novel avenue for controlling this reactivity, thus extending their cycling life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Invasive fungal disease (IFD) presents a life-threatening condition in immunocompromised patients, thus often prompting empirical administration of antifungal treatment, without adequate mycological evidence. Over the past years, wide use of antifungal prophylaxis resulted in decreased occurrence of IFD but has contributed to changes in the spectrum of fungal pathogens, revealing the occurrence of previously rare fungal genera causing breakthrough infections. The expanding spectrum of clinically relevant fungal pathogens required the implementation of screening approaches permitting broad rather than targeted fungus detection to support timely onset of pre-emptive antifungal treatment. To address this diagnostically important aspect in a prospective setting, we analyzed 935 serial peripheral blood (PB) samples from 195 pediatric and adult patients at high risk for IFD, involving individuals displaying febrile neutropenia during treatment of hematological malignancies or following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Two different panfungal-PCR-screening methods combined with ensuing fungal genus identification by Sanger sequencing were employed. In the great majority of PB-specimens displaying fungal DNAemia, the findings were transient and revealed fungi commonly regarded as non-pathogenic or rarely pathogenic even in the highly immunocompromised patient setting. Hence, to adequately exploit the diagnostic potential of panfungal-PCR approaches for detecting IFD, particularly if caused by hitherto rarely observed fungal pathogens, it is necessary to confirm the findings by repeated testing and to identify the fungal genus present by ensuing analysis. If applied appropriately, panfungal-PCR-screening can help prevent unnecessary empirical therapy, and conversely, contribute to timely employment of effective pre-emptive antifungal treatment strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The structure of enterosgel before and after freezing (samples I and II, respectively) was comparatively analyzed by gravimetric analysis and NMR methods [PMR, 13C NMR, diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy (DOSY)] to understand the reason for the negative effect of freezing on the adsorption capacity of enterosgel. The methylsiloxane moieties in samples I and II were shown to be magnetically equivalent by PMR and 13C NMR methods. The molecular masses of samples I and II were estimated by the DOSY method and corresponded to the cyclic dimer of methylsilicic acid (MM 152 Da) for sample I and the linear dimer of methylsilicic acid (MM 170 Da) for sample II. It was hypothesized that the conformationally rigid cyclic dimer structure was destroyed upon freezing of enterosgel due to rupture of a siloxane bond. The adsorption capacity of enterosgel deteriorated because of the structure disruption and hydrophobicity change. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that water did not participate in hydrogen bonding with enterosgel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical manifestations and survival of patients with giant cell arteritis (GCA). Materials and methods:. A retrospective study included 166 patients with newly diagnosed GCA. Clinical, laboratory, and instrumental data and three sets of classification criteria were used to confirm the diagnosis: the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 1990, the revised ACR criteria of 2016 and/or the new ACR and European Alliance of Rheumatologic Associations (EULAR) 2022 criteria. Some of the patients underwent instrumental investigations: temporal artery ultrasound Doppler (n = 61), contrast-enhanced computed tomography (n = 5), CT angiography (n = 6), magnetic resonance imaging (n = 4), MR angiography (n = 3), and 18F-FDG PET/CT (n = 47). Overall and recurrence-free survival rates were analyzed using survival tables and Kaplan–Meier method. Results:. The most frequent first manifestations of GCA were headache (81.8%), weakness (64%), fever (63.8%), and symptoms of rheumatic polymyalgia (56.6%). Changes in temporal arteries in color duplex scanning were detected in 44 out of 61 patients. GCs therapy was performed in all patients who agreed to be treated (n = 158), methotrexate was used in 49 out of 158 patients, leflunomide in 9 patients. In 45 (28.5%) out of 158 patients, a stable remission was achieved as a result of GC monotherapy; in 120 (75.9%) patients, long-term maintenance therapy with GCs was required to prevent exacerbations, including 71 (44.9%) patients in combination with methotrexate or other immunosuppressive drugs. The follow-up period of patients with a history of relapses was 21.0 (8.0–54.0) months. Relapses developed in 73 (46.2%) patients. The overall one-year survival rate was 97.1% [95% CI 94.3; 99.9], and the five-year survival rate of patients was 94.6% [95% CI 90.2; 99.0]. The one-year relapse-free survival rate was 86.4% [95% CI 80.5; 92.3], and the five-year relapse-free survival rate was 52.4% [95% CI 42.0; 62.8]. Twelve (7.2%) of 166 patients died. The cause of death was myocardial infarction in two patients, stroke in two patients, and breast cancer in one patient; in the remaining seven cases, the cause of death was not determined. Conclusions. : Given the high frequency of disease exacerbation, patients with GCA require long-term follow-up, especially during the first year after diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Voice alterations after thyroidectomy with mobile vocal folds are common. Ultrasonography has been used to assess the mobility of the vocal folds after thyroidectomy. Fifty-four patients underwent thyroidectomy. Indirect laryngoscopy, ultrasonography, and GRBAS (grade, roughness, breathiness, asthenia, strain) scoring were performed preoperatively, 3 days, 2 and 6 months, postoperatively. On the third postoperative day, the mobility of the vocal folds was preserved in 52 patients and pareses were recorded in 2 patients. All patients after thyroidectomy noted the presence of voice alteration in the absence of the postoperative paresis of the vocal folds. On the third postoperative day, the voice was impaired by all criteria of the GRBAS scale, but mainly due to roughness (85%). Sixth month postoperatively, 62% of the subjects considered the voice to be altered. Asthenia was observed in 39%. On the third postoperative day indirect laryngoscopy revealed the unchanged vocal folds, the edema and the shortening of one of the vocal folds in 56%, 42%, and 1.9%. Six months postoperatively, the vocal folds returned to their original form. Indirect laryngoscopy and ultrasonography had 100% concordance in assessing the mobility of the vocal folds. Patients with edema of the vocal folds had a significantly higher mean GRBAS grade than patients without edema. The mean GRBAS score decreased from 3.36 to 0.90, 3 days and 6 months, postoperatively. Voice alteration after thyroidectomy is always present. Postoperative edema represents a likely main cause of voice alteration and resolves within 6 months. Ultrasonography is recommended as alternative to indirect laryngoscopy in assessing of the vocal folds after thyroidectomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main goal of the SPASCHARM experiment is the systematic study of spin phenomena at intermediate energies. For this purpose, it is planned to create a beam of polarized protons and antiprotons. The research includes, among other things, the study of elastic scattering. Some of the required equipment for polarimetry is planned to be also used to study elastic scattering immediately after the creation of such a channel. In this work, a set of observables necessary for model-free reconstruction of elastic proton–proton scattering amplitudes is investigated and determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A modification of the ROMB method for the numerical solution of nonstationary nonlinear heat equations is presented. The modified difference schemes are conservative and, on smooth solutions, provide a second-order approximation in time and space for model differential equations with constant coefficients. For the modified difference schemes, the first differential approximations are given, which make it possible to estimate the truncation errors of the schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dose-intensive cytostatic therapy and antibiotic treatment in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) cause severe abnormalities in a composition of gut microbiota as well as the emergence of antibiotic resistance. The data on the longitudinal recovery of major bacterial phyla and the expansion of genes associated with antibiotic resistance are limited. We collected regular stool samples during the first year after allo-HSCT from 12 adult patients with oncohematological disorders after allo-HSCT and performed 16SrRNA sequencing, multiplex PCR, conventional bacteriology and CHROMagar testing. We observed a decline in Shannon microbiota diversity index as early as day 0 of allo-HSCT (p = 0.034) before any administration of antibiotics, which persisted up to 1 year after transplantation, when the Shannon index returned to pre-transplant levels (p = 0.91). The study confirmed the previously shown decline in Bacillota (Firmicutes) genera and the expansion of E. coli/Shigella, Klebsiella and Enterococci. The recovery of Firmicutes was slower than that of other phyla and occurred only a year post-transplant. A positive correlation was observed between the expansion of E. coli/Shigella genera and blaKPC, blaCTX-M-1 and blaTEM (p < 0.001), Klebsiella spp. and blaOXA-48-like, blaNDM, blaCTX-M-1, blaTEM, and blaSHV (p < 0.001), Pseudomonas spp. and blaNDM (p = 0.002), Enterococcus spp. and blaOXA-48-like, blaNDM, blaCTX-M-1, blaSHV (p < 0.01). The correlation was observed between the expansion of Enterobacterales and and carbapenemase-positive CHROMagar samples (p < 0.001). Samples positive for carbapenem-resitant bacteria were at their maximum levels on day +30, and were gradually diminishing one year after allo-HSCT. From day +30 to +60, all isolated K. pneumoniae strains in fecal samples proved to be resistant to the main antibiotic groups (carbapenems, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, third-generation cephalosporins). One year after HSCT, we documented the spontaneous decolonization of K. pneumoniae. The sensitivity of molecular biology techniques in the search for total and antibiotic-resistant Klebsiella seems to be superior to common bacteriological cultures. Future studies should be focused on searching for novel approaches to the efficient reconstitution and/or maintenance of strictly anaerobic microbiota in oncological patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Results of a study of physical parameters of stellar population in star formation regions in galaxies with signs of peculiarity NGC 3963 and NGC 7292 are presented. The study was carried out based on the analysis of photometric (UBVRI bands), H and spectroscopic data obtained by the authors, using evolutionary models of stellar population. Among 157 star formation regions identified in galaxies, the young stellar population mass estimates were obtained for 16 of them and the age estimates were obtained for 15. The age of star formation regions clearly correlates with the presence of emission in the H line: H II regions in the galaxies are younger than 6–8 Myr, and the regions without gas emission are older. The studied objects are included in the version 3 of our catalogue of photometric, physical and chemical parameters of star formation regions, which includes 1667 objects in 21 galaxies. Key aspects of the technique used to estimate the physical parameters and different relations between observational and physical parameters of the young stellar population in star formation regions are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a multiresonator quantum memory consisting of four mini-resonators coupled with a common resonator, which is connected with an external waveguide via a switch. Using the optimization methods, it is possible to effectively transmit a signal from the waveguide to the memory and its long-term multi-cycle storage when the switch is turned off. The advantages of the proposed memory and its potential and implementation range are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper considers the process of interaction of individual muscles and muscle groups serving various joints of the body in order to minimize vertical stability disorders caused by respiratory movements of the chest. The most significant control variables in the process of regulation of intermuscular interaction in order to maintain the stability of the vertical position of the body are considered. The analysis was performed using factorization of muscle electrical activity data, values of articular angles and movements of body segments. It was found that the strategy of maintaining a vertical stance is associated with the control of the hip and neck segments, and with an increase in the disturbing effect, other segments of the body are involved in synergy. An increase in the depth of breathing is accompanied by the inclusion of previously unused muscle modules and a change in the degree of involvement of each muscle in the process of regulating the vertical posture. Such inclusion is reflected in the temporal pattern of activation of synergies at the muscular level, which manifests itself in the formation of additional activation peaks in individual phases of the respiratory cycle. In the process of maintaining vertical stability, muscle activity is moderately associated with the regulation of the position of the general center of mass and is more directed at the formation of kinematic synergies, including changes in the values of a number of articular angles and simultaneous movement of most body segments. The latter, in turn, stabilize variables important for maintaining equilibrium, and synergetic control at the kinematic level increases as the depth of breathing increases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ground-based laser surveys of the upper parts (from the ridge crests to the border of closed forests) of six steppe slopes of the mountains of the Southern and Northern Kraka massifs (Southern Urals) on a total area of 20.82 hectares were carried out. As a result, 3584 trees were identified in all studied areas, their morphometric parameters (crown height and size) and exact geographical position were assessed with an accuracy of 3–10 cm. It was shown that the closure and density of tree stands are extremely low in the upper third of the surveyed altitudinal profiles, and a local increase in these indicators is observed only on some slopes. It is also widely noted that these characteristics of forest stands increase sharply at a distance of about 2/3rd of the length of the profiles from the ridge crests. Measurements of the depth of the soil layer showed that the soils in the upper parts of the slopes are thin (on average 7–12 cm), and their average depth reaches 29 cm only on some slopes in places where the density of forest stands increases. Soil depth on sections of profiles remote from the ridge crests 1/4th to 2/3rd of their length gradually increases and reaches average values of 20–30 cm. We associate both local and stable (in the lower part) increase in the density of forest stands in the forest–mountain steppe transition zone with the increase in the thickness of the soil layer and the volume of moisture retained by it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The propagation velocities of geomagnetic Pc5 pulsations in the azimuthal and meridional directions were analyzed for a series of events. Two methods were used: based on the phase delays of the signal between stations and the displacement of vortex centers of their equivalent current systems. The analysis showed that the propagation of pulsations and vortices coincides in direction—along the meridian, they predominantly propagate northward. In most cases, the propagation velocity is 5 km/s for pulsations and 2 km/s for vortices. In the azimuthal direction, pulsations and vortices propagate westward, with pulsation propagation velocity of 10 km/s and vortex propagation velocity of 3 km/s. However, the distributions of azimuthal velocities for both pulsations and vortices exhibit comparable maxima corresponding to eastward propagation: pulsations at a velocity of 10 km/s and vortices at 5 km/s. It is concluded that the measured phase velocities of pulsations at the ionospheric level are approximately twice the group velocities of vortices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

First results on -dependence measurements in inclusive meson production in interactions ( , Al, Cu, Sn, and W) are presented at GeV/c. The ratios of the differential cross sections of four of these nuclei to the differential cross section on aluminum were measured and the dependence of these cross sections on the atomic of the nucleus was studied. The measurements were carried out in the kinematic region of the Feynman variable and transverse momentum GeV/c. mesons were detected in the decay mode at the SPASCHARM experimental setup using negative charged beams at beamline 14 of the U-70 accelerator complex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In November–December 2023, an expedition of the Murmansk Marine Biological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, on board the R/V Dalnie Zelentsy conducted hydrological, hydrochemical, hydrobiological, and radioecological research in the area west of the Spitsbergen archipelago and on the century-old Kola Meridian transect in the Barents Sea. New data on thermohaline conditions, plankton, and radionuclides during the polar night were obtained at 54 oceanographic and hydrobiological stations. Positive water temperature anomalies show continuation of the warm climate cycle in the Barents Sea. The revealed activation of florogenesis in the western Barents Sea is probably caused by advection of Atlantic waters. Based on an analysis of the population structure of Calanus finmarchicus and C. glacialis in the waters of Spitsbergen, a specific feature of seasonal size variability of species in summer and winter was determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, the rapid climate warming in polar and alpine regions has been accompanied by an expansion of shrub vegetation. However, little is known about how changes in shrub distribution will change as the distribution of tree species and snow cover changes as temperatures rise. In this work, we analyzed the main environmental factors influencing the distribution and structure of Juniperus sibirica, the most common shrub species in the Southern Ural Mountains. Using mapping and digital elevation models, we demonstrated that J. sibirica forms a well-defined vegetation belt mainly between 1100 and 1400 m a.s.l. Within this zone, the abundance and cover of J. sibirica are influenced by factors such as rockiness, slope steepness, water regime and tree (Picea obovata) cover. An analysis of data spanning the past 9 years revealed an upward shift in the distribution of J. sibirica with a decrease in its area. The primary limiting factors for the distribution of J. sibirica were the removal of snow cover by strong winter winds and competition with trees. As a consequence of climatic changes, the tree line and forest limit have shifted upward, further restricting the distribution of J. sibirica to higher elevations where competition for light with trees is reduced and snow cover is sufficiently deep. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present the results of a search for extended emission-line regions (EELRs) ionized by extant or recently faded active galactic nuclei (AGNs), using [O III] narrow-band imaging and spectroscopic follow-up. The sample includes 198 galaxies in 92 strongly interacting or merging galaxy systems in the range of z  = 0.009–0.0285. Among these, three systems have EELRs extended beyond 10 kpc in projection from the nucleus detected in previous studies. We identify a single new distant emission region, projected 35 kpc from UGC 5941. Our optical spectrum does not detect He II, but its strong-line ratios put this in the same class as securely characterized EELR clouds. The nucleus of UGC 5941 is dominated by recent star formation, preventing detection of any weak ongoing AGN. Overall counts of distant EELRs in this and the previous TELPERION samples give incidence 2–5 per cent depending on galaxy and AGN selection, 20–50 times higher than the Galaxy Zoo EELR survey with its higher surface-brightness threshold and much larger input sample. AGNs in interacting and merging systems have an increased detection rate of 12 ± 6 per cent, while none are detected around non-interacting AGNs. Some of these AGNs are at luminosity low enough to require additional X-ray or far-infrared information to tell whether the EELR ionization level suggests long-term fading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tris(hydroxymethyl)phosphine oxide, (HOCH2)3PO (THPO), is recognized as an efficient flame-retardant polyol and a derivative of PH3 – an environment-friendly, halogen-free source for phosphorus compounds and polymers. Synthesis and industrial production of THPO are based on straightforward oxidation of tris(hydroxymethyl)phosphine, (HOCH2)3P (THP), or neutralized tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride (THPC), or sulfate (THPS), by air/O2 or H2O2. In alkaline aqueous media, THP is oxidized by water with liberation of H2. As an alcohol, THPO readily reacts with isocyanates, epoxides, aziridines, and carboxylic acid derivatives, and is widely used as crosslinker or chain-extender to produce flame-retardant polyurethanes, polyethers, polyesters, and composite materials. Similarly, with compounds containing E–Cl bonds (E = P, Si, and S), THPO forms a variety of flame-retardant P/E-compounds or polymers. Condensation of THPO with phenols proceeds via cleavage of a P–C bond of THPO and liberation of CH2O that leads to flame-retardant THPO-phenol resins. With functionalized alkyl halides, THPO forms tris(alkoxymethyl)phosphine oxide monomers containing, for example, pendant allyl, propargyl, or silane groups. Halogenation of THPO leads to tris(chloromethyl)phosphine oxide, (ClCH2)3PO, or tris(bromomethyl)phosphine oxide, (BrCH2)3PO, useful for syntheses of multifunctional organophosphorus compounds, for example, tris(aminomethyl)phosphine oxide, (NH2CH2)3PO, and phosphorus-containing podands. Similar to THPO, tris(hydroxymethyl)phosphine sulfide, (HOCH2)3PS, is used in preparation of flame-retardant components for polymers, and, in synthesis of asymmetric phosphorus compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are limited data on outcomes of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT) in recipients with prior COVID‐19 infection. This single‐center retrospective study included 54 adult patients who received allo‐HSCT from July 2020 to September 2021 after previous COVID‐19 infection and 122 control group patients without a history of COVID‐19 who underwent HSCT during the same period, with a median follow‐up of 17 months. Median time from COVID‐19 to allo‐HSCT was 211 days. The incidence of main complications in the post‐transplant period was not significantly different between the two groups: deep vein thrombosis (p =.85), TMA (p =.8), VOD (p =.25), bloodstream infections (p =.21), pneumonia of any etiology (p =.41), viral infections (p =.85), invasive fungal disease (p =.08). The 2‐year non‐relapse mortality, relapse incidence, overall survival, and progression‐free survival also were comparable in the study and the control groups: 22% (95% CI 10.5–36.2) versus 26.3% (95% CI 18.7–34.6) p =.4; 15.6% (95% CI 7.3–26.9) versus 23.6% (95% CI 16.0–32.3) p =.39; 67.9% (95% CI 50.4–80.3) versus 59.8% (95% CI 50.2–68.1) p =.24 and 62.3% (95% CI 45.5–75.3) versus 49.9% (95% CI 40.0–59.1) p =.18, respectively. The history of previous COVID‐19 infection did not affect the results of allo‐HSCT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Myelination enables electrical impulses to propagate on axons at the highest speed, encoding essential life functions. The Rho family GTPases, RAC1 and CDC42, have been shown to critically regulate Schwann cell myelination. P21-activated kinase 2 (PAK2) is an effector of RAC1/CDC42, but its specific role in myelination remains undetermined. We produced a Schwann cell-specific knockout mouse of Pak2 (scPak2 −/−) to evaluate PAK2's role in myelination. Deletion of Pak2 , specifically in mouse Schwann cells, resulted in severe hypomyelination, slowed nerve conduction velocity and behaviour dysfunctions in the scPak2 −/− peripheral nerve. Many Schwann cells in scPak2 −/− sciatic nerves were arrested at the stage of axonal sorting. These abnormalities were rescued by reintroducing Pak2 , but not the kinase-dead mutation of Pak2 , via lentivirus delivery to scPak2 −/− Schwann cells in vivo. Moreover, ablation of Pak2 in Schwann cells blocked the promyelinating effect driven by neuregulin-1, prion protein and inactivated RAC1/CDC42. Conversely, the ablation of Pak2 in neurons exhibited no phenotype. Such PAK2 activity can also be either enhanced or inhibited by different myelin lipids. We have identified a novel promyelinating factor, PAK2, that acts as a critical convergence point for multiple promyelinating signalling pathways. The promyelination by PAK2 is Schwann cell-autonomous. Myelin lipids, identified as inhibitors or activators of PAK2, may be utilized to develop therapies for repairing abnormal myelin in peripheral neuropathies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents an analysis of the muscle synergies involved in making ball throws in different directions and from different starting positions. The study involved 6 highly qualified athletes engaged in rhythmic gymnastics. Electromyograms of the superficial muscles of the upper extremities and trunk were recorded synchronously during the movements, as well as video capture of the movements of body segments. Synergy parameters were extracted from the recorded signals using factor analysis using the principal component method. It has been established that individuals who have mastered a complex motor skill can demonstrate similar motor control strategies. This is manifested in the structuring of intermuscular interaction in the form of two general modules, the degree of involvement of muscles in which is highly similar in the implementation of different motor tasks. The first muscle module implements active movement of the upper limb by jointly activating the muscles of the forearm, shoulder and upper shoulder girdle, and also provides stabilization of the position of the trunk by synchronizing the activity of the muscles of the back and abdomen. The second muscle module is specific and is mainly associated with high involvement in the synergy of the muscles of the upper shoulder girdle and forearm for the implementation of exercises performed without visual control, or from starting positions that limit the mobility of certain parts of the body. Thus, the solution to the problem of coordination of many elements of the motor system may consist not only in reducing the number of executive organs—muscles involved in control, but also in organizing control variables in the form of modules at the kinematic level and their stabilization through muscle synergies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a study of the nearby low-metallicity dwarf galaxy IC 1613, focusing on the search for massive stars and related feedback processes, as well as for faint supernova remnants (SNR) in late stages of evolution. We obtained the deepest images of IC 1613 in the narrow-band H α, He  ii and [S  ii ] emission lines and new long-slit spectroscopy observations using several facilities (6-m BTA, 2.5m SAI MSU, and 150RTT telescopes), in combination with the multiwavelength archival data from MUSE/VLT, VLA, XMM–Newton , and Swift /XRT. Our deep narrow-band photometry identifies several faint shells in the galaxy, and we further investigate their physical characteristics with the new long-slit spectroscopy observations and the archival multiwavelength data. Based on energy balance calculations and assumptions about their possible nature, we propose that one of the shells is a possible remnant of a supernova explosion. We study five out of eight Wolf–Rayet (WR) star candidates previously published for this galaxy using the He  ii emission line mapping, MUSE/VLT archival spectra, and new long-slit spectra. Our analysis discards the considered WR candidates and finds no new ones. We found P Cyg profiles in H α line in two stars, which we classify as Luminous Blue Variable (LBV) star candidates. Overall, the galaxy IC 1613 may have a lower rate of WR star formation than previously suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We identify a fading AGN SDSS J220141.64+115124.3 from the internal Product Launch-11 (MPL-11) in Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey. The central region with a projected radius of |$\sim$| 2.4 kpc is characterized as LINER-like line ratios while the outskirts extended to |$\sim$| 15 kpc show Seyfert-like line ratios. The |${\rm{[O {\small III}]}}$| |$\lambda$| 5007 luminosity of the Seyfert regions is a factor of 37 (2) higher than the LINER regions without (with) dust attenuation correction, suggesting that the AGN activity decreases at least |$\sim$| 8 |$\times$| 10 |$^3$| yr (⁠|$\sim$| 2.4 kpc/light-speed) ago. We model the emission line spectra in the central region with double Gaussian components (a narrow core and a broad wing) and analyse the properties of each component. The narrow core component mostly co-rotates with the stellar disc, whereas the broad wing component with a median of the velocity dispersion |$\sim$| 300 km s |$^{-1}$| is related to a wind outflow. The kinematic position angle (PA) of the ionized gas shows an |$\sim 20^{\circ }$| twist from the galaxy centre to 1.5 effective radius. The median of the PA difference between the gas and stellar components is as large as |$\sim 50^{\circ }$| within 0.4 effective radius. The tidal feature in DESI image and star–gas misalignment suggest this galaxy is a merger remnant. Combining all these observational results as well as public available X-ray and MIR luminosities, we confirm this is a fading AGN, the merger process kick-started the central engine to quasar phase which ionized gas composed of tidal debris, and now the activity of the central black hole decreases. The discontinuity in |${\rm{[O {\small III}]}}$| |$\lambda$| 5007 flux and EQW maps is due to multiple AGN outbursts triggered by merger remnant gas inflows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]