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Agriculture faces significant challenges due to climate change and unpredictable environmental factors, which impact crop yields and threaten food security. This study proposes a novel approach to crop yield prediction and risk assessment using neutrosophic logic and least squares regression. By integrating these methods, we aim to improve accuracy in predicting crop losses under uncertain conditions. The model classifies crops based on profitability and environmental risks, utilizing the independence test to evaluate the relationships between crop attributes. Our approach leverages deep learning techniques, such as restricted Boltzmann machines (RBM), to enhance the analysis of crop data and provide farmers with actionable insights for decisionmaking. The results demonstrate that the proposed method effectively estimates crop yield damage with the ability to assess risk under varying conditions, such as extreme weather. This approach can help farmers optimize crop management strategies, minimize losses, and improve overall productivity. Future work will explore the application of this method to other crops and farming systems to expand its utility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present-day structural application requires advanced materials at extreme conditions, and the development of it is not economically feasible. As a result, existing material in the composite form has more visibility to suit the purpose. The material's strengths and qualities must be examined before it can be recommended for use in harsh conditions. In the present study, Al2O3 (3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 wt.%) and ZrO2 particles (2 wt.%) are reinforced with Al-Mg-Si alloy (Al 6061), which possess good isotropic behaviour and better interface bonding. The double stir casting process was adopted for the hybrid composite development, and the samples were cold rolled to reduce grain size and pores in the composites. The developed composites were subjected to mechanical characterisation tests such as hardness, tensile, compression, impact and flexural tests. An increase in reinforcement percentage enhances the mechanical properties. The improvement was attributed to the high thermal mismatch and reduction in the inter-particle distance by cold rolling and the reinforcements. Scanning electron microscope microstructural examination was conducted, and even dispersion of 3 to 15 wt.% Al2O3 reinforcements was observed. Tensile elongation decreases with an increase in reinforcement percentage. High elastic modulus and temperature mismatch between matrix and reinforcements increase the strength of the composites. The fracture behaviour of the composites generally showed dimples which are characteristics of ductile fracture, except at 15 wt.% Al2O3 / 2 wt.% ZrO2 showed a large portion of cleavage planes and grain cracking. The Al-Mg-Si alloy is reinforced with 9 wt%. Al2O3 / 2 wt.% ZrO2 had the best properties suitable for its use in different structural applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Specifically, biocatalyst coupled semiconductor photocatalysts have great potential towards the eco-friendly decomposition of toxic organic dyes that contaminate water bodies. This study reports the synthesis of vermiwash activated molybdenum doped tin oxide (Mo:SnO2) nanomaterial, for the photocatalytic degradation of a representative cationic dye - methylene blue (MB). The photocatalytic performance of the synthesized nanoparticles was evaluated using UV-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy and the degrading efficiency of MB dye was quantified. The addition of vermiwash resulted in a marked improvement in the photocatalytic activity of Mo:SnO2 nanoparticles, with a degradation efficiency of 96% achieved after 75 min of irradiation. The nanoparticles were characterized using XRD, SEM-EDX, TEM, FTIR, XPS and UV-vis to confirm the crystal structure, morphology, functional groups, elemental analysis and bandgap energy by using Tauc's plot. The study demonstrates the potential of vermiwash as a green and efficient bio co-catalyst for improving the photocatalytic activity of Mo:SnO2 nanoparticles regarding the degradation of textile effluents. Thus, this study paves a way for new eco-friendly approach for the synthesis of cost-effective, biocatalyst coupled semiconductor photocatalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cadmium oxide (CdO) nanocrystals were synthesized in co-doped form using a simple chemical precipitation method. Constant-weight copper (1.34 wt.%) and varying-weight (0.44 wt.%, 0.88 wt.%, 1.32 wt.%, 1.76 wt.%, and 2.2 wt.%) nickel co-doped CdO nanomaterials were incorporated. The materials were prepared and subsequently annealed at 550°C. The synthesized samples were evaluated for their structural, optical, and morphological properties. According to diffraction studies, CdO has a cubic structure in the pure phase. The UV-Vis absorption spectra showed that all the doped products exhibited a red shift. They also indicated that the bandgap of the host material doped with a low nickel concentration decreased. Furthermore, photoluminescence spectroscopy revealed three very intense emission peaks caused by nickel doping in the visible light region. The sample morphology was investigated and verified using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analysis and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The electrochemical capacitance behaviors of Cdo:Cu (1.34 wt.%) + Ni (0.88 wt.%), Cdo:Cu (1.34 wt.%) + Ni (1.32 wt.%), and Cdo:Cu (1.34 wt.%) + Ni (2.2 wt.%) were investigated using cyclic voltammetry. At a low scan rate of 10 mV/s, the electrode of Cdo:Cu (1.34 wt.%) + Ni (0.88 wt.%) provided a capacitance of 201 F/g, whereas the capacitance of CdO:Cu (1.34 wt.%) + Ni (1.32 wt.%) increased to 233 F/g. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This paper highlights the difficulties and lacunae in the Mental Health Care Act 2017 that hinder its implementation and use for the care and treatment of persons with mental illness in India. Methods: An online nationwide survey, involving structured questions as well as open-ended questions, to elicit the level of implementation, experience in complying with the provisions of the Act, and level of satisfaction, of practicing psychiatrists was carried out. Responses were analyzed using appropriate statistics. Results: 600 respondents answered the online questionnaire. A majority of psychiatrists were senior practitioners with over 10 years of experience. 92.5% respondents were dissatisfied with the MHCA, wherein 73.3% wanted it amended, and 19.2% asked for repeal. Procedural issues were deterrent for 66.5% from taking medically necessary or helpful decisions for patients. Non-implementation of the Act was a major finding. Major dissatisfaction was expressed regarding judicial over reach in admission and discharge procedures, inclusion of general hospital psychiatry units in the definition of mental health establishment, non-applicability of provisions like advance directive and nominated representative in Indian setting, and that all treatment should be covered under insurance. Conclusion: The Act in its present form defies the spirit of its own objectives and is unimplementable. It needs major revisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of edaravone derivatives and the corresponding Cu(II) complexes were synthesized and characterized using spectroscopic and analytical techniques such as IR, UV, NMR and elemental analysis. Antioxidant activities of all compounds were examined using free radical scavenging methods such as hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity (HPSA), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2-2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS) assays. All of the tested compounds exhibited good antioxidant activity. Further, the frontier orbital energy levels, as well as various chemical properties, were determined using the density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The MEP maps of all of the derivatives were plotted to identify the nucleophilic and electrophilic reactive sites. Further, binding energies of all of the organic compounds with the protein tyrosinase was investigated to determine their potential anti-melanogenic applications. The selected ligand, L6 was subjected to molecular dynamics simulation analysis to determine the stability of the ligand–protein complex. The MD simulation was performed (150 ns) to estimate the stability of the tyrosinase–L6 complex. Other key parameters, such as, RMSD, RMSF, Rg, hydrogen bonds, SASA and MMPBSA were also analyzed to understand the interaction of L6 with the tyrosinase protein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a causative agent of a disease continuum, ranging from an acute transient chikungunya fever to chronic incapacitating viral arthralgia. The interaction between anti-CHIKV antibodies and the complement system has recently received attention. However, the contribution of complement activation in CHIKV-induced pathologies has not been fully elucidated. The present study was undertaken to delineate the possible contribution of complement activation in CHIKV-induced disease progression. In this study, using plasma specimens of chikungunya patients in the acute, chronic, and recovered phases of infection, we explicated the involvement of complement activation in CHIKV disease progression by ELISAs and Bio-Plex assays. Correlation analysis was carried out to demonstrate interrelation among C1q-binding IgG-containing circulating immune complexes (CIC-C1q), complement activation fragments (C3a, C5a, sC5b-9), and complement-modulated pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-18, IL-6, and TNF-α). We detected elevated complement activation fragments, CIC-C1q, and complement-modulated cytokines in the varied patient groups compared with the healthy controls, indicating persistent activation of the complement system. Furthermore, we observed statistically significant correlations among CIC-C1q with complement activation fragments and C3a with complement modulatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-18 during the CHIKV disease progression. Taken together, the current data provide insight into the plausible association between CICs, complement activation, subsequent complement modulatory cytokine expression, and CHIKV etiopathology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) nanoparticle is harvested through sol–gel method. The various percentage of PVP (2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0 and 12.5%) was added to the initial solutions and is acted as a chelating agent. Through X-Ray diffraction examinations results confirmed the single phase CoFe2O4 and had bigger crystallite size. The functional analysis is found through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) studies. The optical analysis carried out through UV–visible spectrometer and a direct bandgap were determined. The surface features and its content of elements in the samples were found through scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy dispersive (EDAX) analysis. The detailed magnetic characteristics of the resulting sample were found through vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Through TG/DTA measurements the decompositions and anionic oxidation—reduction were analysed. The dielectric constant and related parameters with respect to applied frequency are discussed through LCR measurement. The electrochemical behavior of the samples was tested through cyclic voltameter setup. And finally concluded with the merits and demerits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several researchers have recently expressed interest in additively manufactured electrodes for machining and surface modification applications. The additively manufactured AlSi10Mg tool electrode is one of the promising candidate materials for non-conventional processes. This research investigates the process parameters of laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) processed AlSi10Mg tool electrodes for the electro-spark deposition process (ESD). The selected deposition parameters, namely, peak current (Pc), pulse-on time (Pon) and deposition time (DT) with various levels and experimentation, are based on the box-behnken design (BBD) of the response surface methodology. The deposition was carried out to analyze the output responses of material deposition rate (MDR), additive tool wear rate (ATWR) and surface roughness (SR). The multi-objective optimization was performed to minimize the ATWR and SR and maximize the MDR. The optimized ESD parameters of Pc = 6 A, Pon = 20 μ s, and DT = 5 min were found with predicted responses of MDR = 0.019 mg/min, ATWR = 0.095 mg/min and SR = 3.86 μ m. The deposited surface witnessed the formation of debris, microcracks, and a solidified surface with a dark region and accumulated worn debris that has an elongated and flat shape. The workpiece substrate was exposed to a significant amount of additive tool electrode material (Si, Al, O, Mg, S), and different intermetallic ( Al 2 6 Si) 0.148, Al2O3, and Al2S3 formations have been recognized. This finding corroborates the efficient usage of L-PBF AlSi10Mg electrodes for ESD processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The software reliability model estimates the probability of data failure in a specific environment, significantly impacting reliability and trustworthiness. The paper study focuses on cluster crime data, i.e., indeterministic in Neutrosophic Logic, using a software reliability model. The study utilizes reinforcement learning, Neutrosophic logic, and non-homogeneous Poisson process crime data to estimate indeterministic cluster data in crime. The "Non-homogeneous Poisson Process with Neutrosophic Logic" technique performs well in evaluating and deterring crime based on crime data analysis. The crime cluster involving offenders correctly classified as failure to accomplish does better than uncertain cluster reliability estimation with least squares and logistic regression analysis. The method enables crime prediction and prevention by using concave growth models to create an uncertain crime cluster, penalizing the correct person. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sediment-bound phosphorous fractions were analyzed to assess the bioavailability and trophic status of Thrissur Kole wetlands. Sequential extraction followed by spectrophotometry was employed for fractionation and determination of phosphate content in each fraction. Acid soluble organic phosphorous comprising of biological molecules was the most dominant fraction [278.02 ± 11.82 mg/kg (non-monsoon); 315.77 ± 13.84 mg/kg (monsoon)] recorded during both seasons and can be sourced to allochthonous as well as autochthonous sources. Elevated content of alkali soluble organic phosphorous [162.53 ± 14.85 mg/kg (non-monsoon); 307.22 ± 14.60 mg/kg (monsoon)] reflected leaching of humic-associated phosphorous from aquatic vegetation, domestic and municipal sewage. Enrichment of calcium-bound phosphorous was due to the abundance of calcium carbonate originating through biological precipitation and inputs from guano as well as carcass of birds. Enriched organic matter adsorbed on fine-grained sediments controls the retention of organic phosphorous through organic matter-iron-phosphorous association. Intense microbial reworking on organic matter (substantiated by depleted Eh values) resulted in a sharp decline in organic phosphorous fraction. Adsorption of iron/manganese oxyhydroxides was a prominent mechanism in the retention of phosphate in sediments, endorsed by multivariate statistical analysis. Alkaline pH and reducing environment promote the release of phosphate to the water column and hence bioavailability for phytoplankton uptake. Bioavailable phosphorous constitutes a major portion of total phosphorous [average: 606.86 ± 26.24 mg/kg (non-monsoon); 651.36 ± 23.05 mg/kg (monsoon)], which implied that the wetland sediments can function as a dynamic source of phosphate to the water column, signaling eutrophication risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transcription factor p53, also known as tumor suppressor protein. Encoded by the TP53 gene, the guardian of genome p53 regulates many gene pathways. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms of p53 functioning have been known for a few decades, and the exact role of p53 in cancer therapy is unclear. Also, comprehensive literature on heterocycles as p53‐MDM2 protein‐protein interaction inhibitors is limited. This review covers the molecular mechanism for the p53‐MDM2 interaction and its inhibition by the heterocyclic small molecules. We hope the present comprehensive study will help to develop heterocycles as anticancer drugs that induce apoptosis in tumor cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a prevalent cardiovascular condition. Body mass index (BMI), a measure of body fat based on height and weight, has been studied as a potential risk factor for CAD. Aim and Objective: The Aim of this study was to evaluate the association between BMI and CAD in male patients undergoing Coronary Angiography and in matched controls. Materials and Methods: This study was done at the Department of Physiology, Thanjavur Medical College Tamil Nadu. Participants (n = 80) were recruited from the population in and around Thanjavur. The Institute Ethical Committee approval was obtained for this study. Subjects who met inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in this study as control group: Group A (n = 40) and study group: Group B (n = 40). Informed, written consent was taken from both groups. BMI was measured for the 80 participants. Angiogram report was obtained from the cardiologist. Results: The mean BMI of 25.5165 ±2.22366 for Group A and the mean BMI of 26.5113 ±2.25700 for Group B. The P value is 0.051(>0.05) which is not significant. Conclusion: It has been concluded that the association between the Body Mass Index and Coronary Artery Stenosis in male patients undergoing coronary angiography is statistically not significant compared to the control group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study focuses on the isolation, characterization, and expression analysis of a lectin from the hepatopancreas of Macrobrachium rosenbergii. The protein was isolated by affinity chromatography on a melibiose-agarose column. The molecular weight of the native protein was found to be ~120 kDa which consists of a single polypeptide of ~39.5 kDa. On mass spectrometric analysis, the protein was identified as lipopolysaccharide- and beta-1,3-glucan binding protein (LGBP). LGBP showed hemagglutination with rabbit RBC like a lectin and its carbohydrate-binding specificity was determined by the hemagglutination inhibition test. The protein also showed antibacterial activity against two Gram-negative bacteria Vibrio harveyi and Aeromonas sobria, and one Gram positive bacteria Bacillus cereus in the disc diffusion test. Rabbit antiserum was raised against the purified LGBP and used to develop a sandwich ELISA system for quantitation of the protein in hepatopancreas and serum samples of M. rosenbergii. The expression of the LGBP transcripts in muscle, hepatopancreas, and gill tissues from M. rosenbergii juveniles at 72 h post-challenge of V. harveyi was not modulated as noticed in qPCR analysis. However, significant increases in the concentrations of LGBP protein in hepatopancreas (5.23 ± 0.45 against 3.43 ± 0.43 mg/g tissue in control) and serum (1.08 ± 0.14 against 0.61 ± 0.08 µg/ml in control) were observed in the challenged group of prawns in ELISA suggesting its putative role against bacterial infections. The study for the first time characterized the native LGBP of M. rosenbergii showing a multifunctional role in immunity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In the surgical department, a breast lump is a frequent complaint. Correct diagnosis helps avoid unnecessary operations, and invasive treatments and to treat malignant lesions at the first sign of the disease. Aim: To compare the efficacy of clinical and radiological diagnostic modalities with histopathological examination to create a roadmap for the treatment of breast diseases. Methods: A prospective comprehensive study was conducted on 50 women presenting with breast complaints admitted to a tertiary care hospitals, over a period of 2 years. Results: All patients were >30 years of age with 52% in the 5th decade. Lumps and pain were the major presenting complaints. 76% of the patients had benign while 24% of patients had malignant features on ultrasonography. On histopathology, 62% of patients had benign lesions and 38% had malignant lesions. Mammography was 86.67% sensitive, and 92% specific in comparison with histopathology with PPV of 86% and NPV of 92%. On comparison of ultrasonography with histopathology, sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV were 66.67%, 100%, 100%, and 83%. FNAC was 86.67% sensitive and 100% specific with a PPV of 100% and NPV of 92%. Conclusion: Breast cancer is a clinical diagnosis with a potential diagnostic error. Mammography and FNAC, offer higher PPV but lower sensitivity and specificity. When the diagnoses are combined for triple assessment, a conclusive diagnosis can be made. Clinical examination and FNAC alone may be sufficient in patients with distinct lumps to rule out cancer and is cost-effective by skipping mammography and ultrasound may be used instead. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scientific productivity keeps tremendous importance concerning the published output of the world literature in all areas of subjects. It is the result of the creativity of human beings. The review paper traces the history of scientific productivity from its inception to the Web of Science. The study finds the age of researchers, library facility and support, gender, language, the burden of teaching and administrative tasks, departmental size and prestige, research funding, personal traits of the researchers, self-efficacy, organization factors, research collaboration, subject discipline, the creativity of the researchers, national impact, academic position, tenure and reward structure affecting scientific productivity of the researchers. The study found that these factors affect the individual positively or negatively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stock investments play a crucial role in deciding the global economic growth of the country. Investors can optimize profit and avoid risk through accurate stock-value prediction models, which motivates researchers to work on various aspects of correlated features and predictive models for stock-value prediction. The existing stock-value prediction models used data like Twitter, microblogs, price history and Google trends. On the other hand, domainspecific dictionary-based deep learning evolved as a competitive model for alternative models in stock value prediction. But, the accuracy of these models depends on the quality of the input, the correlation among the features and the correctness of the sentiment scores generated for the dictionary terms. Financial-news sentiment analysis for stock-value prediction with dictionary-based learning needs attention in improving the quality of the input and dictionary terms' sentiment score generation. The present research aims to develop a blended softcomputing model for stock-value prediction (BSCM) with cooperative fusion and dictionary-based deep learning. In the current work, six Indian stocks that cover uptrend, sideways and downtrend characteristics are considered with stock-price histories and news headlines from 8th August 2016 to 31st March 2023, i.e., 2427 days. The number of records in price-history dataset is 14,562 and in the news headlines dataset is 46,213. The performance of the stock-value prediction can be improved by taking advantage of multi-source information and context-aware learning. The present research aims to achieve three objectives: 1. Applying cooperative fusion to combine the news headlines and price history of stocks collected from multiple sources to improve the quality of the input with correlated features. 2. Building a dictionary, FNSentiment, with a novel strategy. 3. Predicting stock values using FNSentiment and News Sentiment Prediction Model (NSPM) integration. In the experimentation, the proposed model outperformed the state-of-the-art models with an accuracy of 91.11%, RMSE of 10.35, MAPE of 0.02 and MAE of 2.74. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemical precipitation method was used to prepare of Zn0.96Ni0.04S nanoparticles. XRD showed that ZnS:Ni2+ nanoparticles crystallized in zinc blend structure with preferential orientation by the side of (111) plane. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of Zn0.96Ni0.04S nanoparticles portray substantial agglomeration of particles with potholed spherical morphology and energy dispersive spectrum (EDAX) measurements incorrigible that the presence of Ni in ZnS lattice. High resolution tunneling electron microscope (HRTEM) divulge that Zn0.96Ni0.04S particle size were ranges from ∼ 15 to 20 nm with good crystalline character and SAED pattern were good concurrence with X-ray diffractive (XRD) results. UV–Vis spectroscopy was engage to evaluate optical band gap of Zn0.96Ni0.04S nanoparticle, and which further disclose that when 3-mercaptopropionic (MPA) concentration increase guide the absorption edge shifted to lower wavelength. Peak at 411 °C with matching weight loss of 39.2 wt% in DTA reveals that Ni2+ ions are get away from the ZnS matrix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Towards developing green composite through waste recycling, the main objective of this work was to produce an Al6113 hybrid composite via stir casting with a combination of two different reinforcements, such as waste glass powder (WGP) and snail shell ash (SSA) particles. Samples mixtures were prepared and labelled as groups A, B, C, and D. Group A samples were developed with the blend of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 wt% WGP and 3 wt% constant dose of SSA particles. Groups B, C, and D samples were prepared with the blend of the same proportion of WGP and 6, 9, and 12 wt% SSA. The mechanical properties of the composites were examined to determine the effect of reinforcement combination on the composites. It was observed that WGP inclusion enhanced tensile, impact, fracture, flexural, and compressive strength when combined with 3, 6, and 9 wt% SSA. Meanwhile, the blend of the WGP with 12 wt% SSA resulted in depreciation in strength. It is deduced that the properties of the composite can be improved by the dual presence of WGP and SSA in the proportions of 2–6 wt% WGP and 3–9 wt% SSA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The crime is most effective factor in society. Crime is motivated by criminal behavior. the game theory model has an analytical method that maps various criminal behavior analyzed for individuals. Game theory based on Neutrosophic logic analyzed comprises recognized individual crimes from randomized crimes using clusters randomization together. We apply an estimation of the Intra-cluster/inter-cluster correlation coefficient (ICCC) on criminal data (certainty and uncertainty) to find crime sample sizes on crime. The ICCC results affect the synthesis of the relevant information based on both cluster-randomized tests and individual tests are found. The crime cluster study is an interaction between the effect of the intervention and the choice of randomization unit and will consider it fair to aggregate from both. In randomization unit heterogeneity and conduct a compassion analysis estimate crime cluster reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increased use of advanced technologies by consumers and hospitals is moving care closer to patients, and the challenge is one of how patient data can be shared with external care providers and patients. To support care continuity, patient data include both clinical data used by external care providers and non-clinical data used by social care providers. Care coordination of a patient outside a hospital requires peer-to-peer connectivity among a number of these clinical and social care providers, using a digital platform that aligns their goals and assigns their resource sharing responsibilities. With no single entity supporting such care coordination, most hospitals currently distribute this responsibility to several of its provider partners and patients. Such a division of responsibility with no real time feedback leads to discontinuous resource sharing, localized data analysis, and challenges in tailoring care to improve health outcomes. The goal of this paper is to propose a blockchain architecture model that uses a number of constructs for creating and assigning ownership to patient data so it can support peer-to-peer resource sharing and uses smart contracts to support goal alignment. Using two blockchain applications implemented in Hyperledger and illustrating their potential representation using the constructs in multi-chain, we develop a conceptual model for developing blockchain applications in general to support continuity of care. The generalizability of this model is illustrated by applying these constructs to four additional healthcare applications. Finally, we conclude the paper with a discussion of the limitations and directions for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analysis of the lithological, isotope-geochemical, and micropaleontological parameters of the surface layer of bottom sediments in the North Atlantic was carried out at 26 stations on the profile along 59.5° N. The distribution of moisture content and grain size of sediments reflects vertical/circumcontinental zoning, since fine-grained and water-saturated material accumulates in the deepest parts of the Iceland Basin and the Labrador and Irminger seas, which are farthest from land. Larger masses of calcium carbonate also form there, but organic carbon is unevenly distributed. Both vertical/circumcontinental and climatic (circulation of warm North Atlantic water) zoning affect the mineral composition of the >0.063 mm sediment fraction. Accumulation of diatoms, radiolarians, and planktic foraminifers in sediments reflects both vertical/circumcontinental and, to a greater extent, climatic zoning. Variations in the oxygen and carbon isotopic ratios in the tests of benthic and planktic foraminifers require comprehensive interpretation involving data on the parameters of various surface and bottom water masses. The distribution of planktic microfossil assemblages according to cluster analysis shows distribution areas of different water masses with a distinct boundary along the eastern margin of the Subpolar Gyre. The distribution of cluster assemblages of benthic foraminifers does not correspond much to that of planktic microfossils, reflecting division of the study region into abyssal and shallow areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanocrystals of bare and different levels of nickel (0.025–0.1 M) doped CdO are made by chemical precipitation technique. The as-prepared products undergo annealing at a temperature of 550 °C. The annealed products are studied for their structural, optical, and morphological characterizations. The electrochemical capacitance behaviour of the pure and 0.75 M of nickel-doped CdO was studied by Cyclic Voltammetry (CV). At a low scan rate of 10mV/s, the electrode of CdO provides a capacitance of 52 F/g, whereas, the value is increased to 156 F/g on doping. Nowadays Nickel (0.025–0.1 M)-doped CdO is developing electrode material for the storage of charge due to their low decomposition temperature, which helps in synthesizing pure and homogeneous oxide nanoparticles, also the oxalate from the 3d series is isomorphous in nature, which enables the enhancement of physical properties of the oxide semiconductor by doping the precursor in the course of synthesis. Higher thermal stability, excellent chemical stability, higher theoretical values of specific capacitance, and natural resource pose nickel as an environment-friendliness material. The various levels of Ni (0.025–0.1 M)-doped CdO, their composite oxides have shown good structural stability, reversible capacity, and long cycling stability and have been also studied as nanostructured electrode materials for electrochemical supercapacitor applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we consider a nondifferentiable semi-infinite interval-valued optimization problem with vanishing constraints (SIVOPVC) and study duality theorems, By constructing the duality models, we give duality theorems between SIVOPVC and its corresponding dual models under the assumptions of generalized convexity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AlSi10Mg metal matrix composites with varying weight percentages (wt.%) of niobium carbide (NbC: 0, 3 and 6 wt.%) were produced utilizing a laser-based powder bed fusion process in three printing orientations (0°, 45° and 90°) to improve the mechanical properties of the composite. The effect of NbC in AlSi10Mg on reflectance, densification, microstructure, wear resistance, micro-hardness, tensile and compression behavior were examined. The reflectance of AlSi10Mg powder was reduced to 26.94% with the addition of 6 wt.% NbC. Furthermore, the addition of 6 wt.% NbC in AlSi10Mg increased the relative density (ρR) to 2.59%. The average grain size of all printed samples was ≤ 10 µm. The wear rate of the composite was reduced to 6.32% against EN-31 and 32.6% against SiC counter body at 00 printing orientation with 6 wt.% NbC. The mechanical properties of the AlSi10Mg/NbC composite were enhanced, including micro-hardness (167 HV0.5 at 6 wt.%), ultimate tensile strength (393 MPa at 3 wt.%) and compressive strength (851 MPa at 6 wt.%). However, the formation of intermetallic compounds reduces tensile strength over 3 wt.% NbC. The printing orientation also affected the composite's mechanical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we make use of an algebraic structure that is derived from a tropical semiring and present a key exchange scheme based on it. This is followed by a security analysis of the protocol. We conclude the article by showing that this scheme is more secure than its other tropical counterparts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we survey and analyze the role of tropical semirings in key-exchange protocols proposed in the past decade. We also present new ideas on cryptanalysis of some tropical key agreement techniques suggested during this period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current industry, coolants are widely used in numerous operations for the purpose of cooling and heat transfer. These operations include all kinds of heat sinks for electronic devices and manufacturing processes such as milling, drilling, turning, and CNC machining. The thermophysical properties of coolants play a vital role in determining the effectiveness of heat transfer and help prevent the components from wear and tear caused by extremely high temperatures. The computational domain consists of a drill bit and rectangular workpiece, and hybrid nanocoolants are sprayed from duplex nozzles. The nanocoolant heat transfer and flow characteristics of the drill bit–workpiece interface were analysed using the large eddy simulation (LES) turbulence model. The workpiece is made of Ti-6Al-4V alloy maintained at a temperature of 1073.15 K. The coolant used is a mineral oil into which different nanoparticles of Al2O3, TiO2, Cu, MWCNT, and SWCNT are dispersed by varying the volume concentration. The variations in temperature, Nusselt number, and wall heat transfer coefficient, with respect to the volume fraction of nanoparticles and the Reynolds number, were investigated. It was concluded that Cu–Al2O3 nanoparticles dispersed in mineral oil depicted the most favourable heat transfer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coconut (CO) and virgin coconut oil (VCO) are popular functional oils owing to their health benefits. The fraudsters intentionally blend cheap and poor-quality vegetable oils with CO and VCO for economic benefits. Adulteration causes safety and health issues for consumers. In this context, there is a need for rapid, accurate, and precise analytical techniques to detect adulteration in CO and VCO. Conventional analytical methods are arduous and lengthy processes using toxic chemicals and involve tedious sample preparation. Thus, food researchers are in search of precise, rapid, and green analytical techniques to detect and quantify the adulteration of CO and VCO. The present review focuses on summarizing all the analytical techniques along with chemometric tools developed in recent times. Various techniques, such as chromatographic, spectroscopic, and thermal techniques coupled with chemometrics, have been successfully applied in this field. The NIR-based spectroscopic technique is a very optimisable and practical method for adulteration detection in CO and VCO. The official methods currently used must be upgraded as they are comparatively less sensitive than the latest methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IL‐17‐producing Th17 cells play an important role in pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Aberrant immune activation due to an imbalance between Th17 and regulatory T (Treg) cells is associated with the development of RA and other autoimmune diseases. Targeting pathogenic Th17 cells and their associated molecules is emerging as a promising strategy to treat and reverse RA. Here, we demonstrate that IL‐3 inhibits the differentiation of Th17 cells and promotes the development of Treg cells in IL‐2‐dependent manner. In IL‐2 KO mice, we observed that IL‐3 has no effect on differentiation of both Th17 and Treg cells. In addition, IL‐3 decreases pathogenic IL‐17A+TNF‐α+, IL‐17A+IFN‐γ+ and IL‐23R+ Th17 cells, secretion of GM‐CSF and IFN‐γ, and osteoclastogenesis when presented in the culture together with Th17 polarizing cytokines. Mechanistically, IL‐3 regulates the development of Th17 cells through the inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation. IL‐3 treatment significantly decreases the pathogenic Th17 cell responses and arthritic scores in the mouse model of RA. Importantly, IL‐3 inhibits the differentiation of human Th17 cells. Thus, our results suggest a novel therapeutic role of IL‐3 in the regulation of Th17 cell‐mediated pathophysiology of RA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blockchain technologies have been getting a lot of attention lately, in part because of how popular Bitcoin and Ethereum have become. As more industries use blockchain technology, there is a growing need for tools that make it easier to enforce regulations, such as tools that monitor, evaluate, and make sure that the data kept by blockchain systems is compliant while still protecting privacy. Current blockchain systems don't keep track of transactions by indexing them; instead, they just add them in a way that can't be changed. Because of this, the query support is not good enough and doesn't work. Because there is currently no support for query processing that adequately protects user privacy, expanding it might be challenging. In this work, we propose a solution for smallholder farmers that uses synchronised Ethereum clients to provide auditors with efficient, scalable, and richer blockchain query processing. There is a procedure in place to register crops before they are planted. The specifics of farming are altered after planting. The technology additionally ensures the auditors' anonymity by encrypting the auditors' names, requests, and findings across servers that cannot be trusted 100% of the time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to numerically investigate the thermal performance of cutting fluids dispersed with nanoparticles for effective heat removal during turning operations. The simulations are performed using Ansys Fluent software, and the problem is modelled as a three-dimensional turbulent incompressible single-phase flow. The computational domain consists of a heated cutting tool and work piece, and nanocoolants are sprayed from a nozzle located above the machining zone. The nanocoolants are prepared by mixing mineral oil with nanoparticles of Al2O3 (Aluminium Oxide), Al (Aluminium) and SWCNT (Single Walled Carbon Nanotube). The heat transfer performances of different nanocoolants are compared by varying the nanoparticle volume fraction (φ) and coolant velocity (Uc) in the range of 2% ≤ φ ≤ 8% and 1 m/s ≤ Uc ≤ 15 m/s, respectively. The results indicated a drastic drop in the cutting tool temperature with an increase in the volume fraction of dispersed nanoparticles and coolant velocity. The increase in volume fraction decreases the average cutting tool temperature by 25.65% and also enhances the average heat transfer rate by 25.43%. It is additionally observed that SWCNT nanocoolants exhibited a superior thermal performance and heat removal rate compared with Al and Al2O3 nanocoolants. The analysed numerical results are validated and are in good accordance with the benchmark results validated from literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of phthalate migration in footwear is important from an environmental viewpoint and the consumer health perspective as it remains in direct contact with the user for a long time. In this research article, the migration of phthalate, specifically di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), from the poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) shoe sole to the attached leather insole has been studied for six months under different environmental conditions. After one month, the DEHP concentration in the PVC sole decreased by 45–58%, and that in the leather insole increased from 0.35 mg g−1 to 38–58 mg g−1. After six months, about 90% of the DEHP has been lost from the PVC sole, and that in the leather insole reached close to its initial value (value before the experiment). The migration rate depends on the environmental conditions and the presence of phthalate soluble solvents in the sole-adhesive-insole system of the footwear. The influence of DEHP migration on the physicochemical characteristics of the PVC sole and leather insole has been studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The migration and emission pathways of DEHP, the influence of environmental conditions, and the possibility of human exposure to phthalate through footwear are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare, specifically in diagnosing and treating Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) and other digestive ailments. The study evaluates the accuracy and reliability of two commonly used chatbots, ChatGPT and Google BARD, in addressing medical management inquiries. The results show that ChatGPT performed better than Google BARD in terms of accuracy and reliability of medical information. However, the study emphasizes the need for further research and development in this field. [Extracted from the article]

This article, published in the journal Endoscopy, explores the impact of obesity on readmission rates in patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). GISTs are the most common type of mesenchymal tumors in the gastrointestinal tract and can be treated with Imatinib therapy. The study analyzed data from 758 GIST patients and found that obesity influenced the duration of hospitalization during a 30-day readmission. Factors such as abnormalities in CAD, liver disease, renal failure, and the presence of multiple chronic diseases were associated with extended hospital stays. The findings suggest that considering these factors is important for bed capacity and budgeting for potential costs. [Extracted from the article]

This article examines the content and quality of Colon Cancer screening awareness videos on YouTube. The study finds that many of these videos provide substandard information, which can lead to misinformation and distort users' understanding of their health conditions. The researchers evaluated the videos based on scientific accuracy and quality using various tools. They found that academic videos scored higher on all evaluation measures and had more views, likes, and subscribers compared to private videos. The study emphasizes the need for more reliable and scientifically accurate content on YouTube to promote public health. [Extracted from the article]

This article, published in the journal Endoscopy, explores the use of social media sentiment analysis to enhance management strategies for ulcerative colitis. The study focuses on understanding physicians' perspectives on the revised AGA Clinical Practice Guidelines for managing moderate to severe ulcerative colitis. The researchers collected responses from Twitter, YouTube, Reddit, and Facebook using the Twitter API, PHP, and RAI. They performed sentiment analysis on the tweets using the VADER tool and found a shift in positive sentiment towards the guideline changes. The study suggests that physicians appreciate the advantages of the new guidelines, but negative sentiments may arise from potential side effects and increased complexity. The researchers emphasize the importance of physicians and relevant organizations actively engaging on social media to promote up-to-date management guidelines. [Extracted from the article]

This article, published in the journal Endoscopy, explores the influence of race on gastric cancer incidence in patients who have undergone bariatric surgery. The study analyzed data from 960 bariatric surgeries conducted between 2009 and 2022, with 1% of patients developing gastric cancer post-surgery. The average age of participants was around 52, with 64.2% being female. The study found that African Americans developed cancer in a significantly shorter timeframe compared to other races, and lower-income African Americans faced a higher risk. These findings highlight the importance of considering racial and socioeconomic factors in post-surgery care and suggest the need for further research to improve health outcomes for diverse patient populations. [Extracted from the article]

This article discusses the reliability of AI tools, specifically ChatGPT and Google BARD, in the field of gastroenterology. While these tools offer benefits such as vast data knowledge and swift responses, they cannot fully replicate the nuanced understanding and empathy of human medical professionals. The study evaluated the medical and ethical dependability of these chatbots through a questionnaire and found that both chatbots scored lower in reliability compared to standardized practices. The article emphasizes the need for ongoing research and improvements to ensure that AI tools support human judgment in decision-making rather than replacing it. [Extracted from the article]

Semiconducting BiVO4, is successfully prepared by solid-state route and attempts are taken to dope vanadium sites by titanium ions to produce BiV1-xTixO4 (x = 5%, 10% and 15%). The products are analyzed using powder X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The average particle sizes are in the range of 71-82 nm. Using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, the band gaps are estimated and fall in visible range (2.11-2.41 eV). These nanomaterials are investigated for the photodegradation of malachite green dye solution that can find application in wastewater treatment and their efficiencies are investigated by time-dependent UV-Visible spectroscopy. 15% titanium doped BiVO4 (BVO-15) showed the highest efficiency by completely degrading malachite green in 180 min under visible light irradiation. In such heterogenous processes, separation of the used nanocatalysts remain a challenge. To address this, reusable polymer nanocomposite films are prepared using thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) to immobilize BVO-15. The polymer nanocomposite film with 0.10 g of catalyst in 1 g of TPU showed maximum efficiency (~ 96%). The powder and film catalysts are investigated for three cycles and found to be effective. Thus, they show remarkable photocatalytic activity, stability and reusability that make them suitable for the wastewater treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optimum-designed footwear with polyurethane (PU) material for comfort is an important requirement for obese. Investigations on compressive behavior of varied designed footwear using 120 D PU material have been carried out. The energy absorption primarily depends on heel height, slope angle and load applied or body mass index of obese. Statistical analysis has been used to formulate the prediction of absorbed energy wherein a heel height of 30 mm with 20-degree angle provides optimum value with the incorporation of 120 D PU material. A coefficient-of-determination (R²) value of 0.9406 confirms the suitability of the statistical regression model. Hence, the optimally designed footwear for higher energy absorption with 120 D PU foam material is recommendable for obese. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We describe a versatile pipeline for processing the data collected by the Ultra-Violet Imaging Telescope (UVIT) on board Indian multi-wavelength astronomical satellite ASTROSAT. The UVIT instrument carries out simultaneous astronomical imaging through selected filters/gratings in far-ultra-violet (FUV), near-ultra-violet and visible (VIS) bands of the targeted circular sky field ( ∼ 0. 5 ∘ dia). This pipeline converts the data (Level 1) emanating from UVIT in their raw primitive format supplemented by inputs from the spacecraft sub-systems into UV sky images (and slitless grating spectra) and associated products readily usable by astronomers (Level 2). The primary products include maps of Intensity (rate of photon arrival), error on Intensity and effective Exposure. The pipeline is open source, extensively user configurable with many selectable parameters and its execution is fully automated. The key ingredients of the pipeline include extraction of drift in the pointing of the spacecraft, and disturbances in pointing due to internal movements; application of various corrections to measured position in the detector for each photon – e.g., differential pointing with respect to a reference frame for shift and add operation, systematic effects and artefacts in the optics of the telescopes and detectors, exposure tracking on the sky, alignment of sky products from multi-episode exposures to generate a consolidated set and astrometry. Detailed logs of operations and intermediate products for every processing stage are accessible via user-selectable options. While large number of selectable parameters are available for the user, a well characterized ‘standard default’ set is used for executing this pipeline at the Payload Operation Centre (POC) for UVIT and selected products are archived and disseminated by the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) through its ISSDC portal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A guideline to determine pediatric brain death was updated in 2011. It is unknown how pediatric intensivists have accepted and adopted the revised guideline into clinical practice. Methods: We surveyed US pediatric critical care attending physicians July 2013 to September 2013 and February 2020 to May 2020. Brain death testing practices and utilization of the 2011 pediatric and neonatal brain death guideline were assessed. Results: The 2020 respondents found that the revised pediatric brain death guideline were useful in clinical practice (93.7% vs 83.3%, P =.0484) and provided more consistency and clarity (73.2% vs 63.1%, P =.0462) when compared to 2013 respondents. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that with defined criteria, survey participants reported increased clarity and consistency. Findings from our study indicate that in clinical practice there is no significant deviation from the minimum requirements to determine brain death in children as outlined in the 2011 guideline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study endeavor to assess the personality factor and aggression level of medical students. And explore the gender differences in respect of personality factors and the level of aggression. Total 100 medical college students studying in various colleges of the Pune district were selected by purposing sampling technique in this study. Personality traits were assessed by using Big-five personality scale devised by inventory is prepared by Singh and Kumar. Aggression level was assessed by the Aggression scale prepared by Mathur and Rajkumari Bhatnagar. Obtained data further analysed by Mean, SD and 't'-test'. Results revealed, there are significant gender differences found in personality factors and aggression. Female medical students found high in openness to experience, agreeableness, conscientiousness factors but they have low level of neuroticism than male medical students. Further, results showed female students are more aggressive than their counterparts. But, no such difference found in respect of extroversion factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hepatitis B virus has infected a third of the world's population, and 296 million people are living with chronic infection. Chronic infection leads to progressive liver disease, including hepatocellular carcinoma and liver failure, and there remains no reliable curative therapy. These gaps in our understanding are due, in large part, to a paucity of animal models of HBV infection. Here, we show that rhesus macaques regularly clear acute HBV infection, similar to adult humans, but can develop long-term infection if immunosuppressed. Similar to patients, we longitudinally detected HBV DNA, HBV surface antigen, and HBV e antigen in the serum of experimentally infected animals. In addition, we discovered hallmarks of HBV infection in the liver, including RNA transcription, HBV core and HBV surface antigen translation, and covalently closed circular DNA biogenesis. This pre-clinical animal model will serve to accelerate emerging HBV curative therapies into the clinic. Here, Biswas et al. present and characterize a second-generation model of HBV infection in rhesus macaques, showing that extended infection requires suppression of host immunity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]