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Aims: This work aims to study the in vitro and in vivo antitumor activities of tetracyclic triterpenoids compounds actein and 26-deoxyactein. Further, the mechanism is investigated. Methods: In vitro, a modified MTT method was used to assay the cytotoxicities of actein and 26-deoxyactein in 12 human tumor cell lines. In vivo, mouse sarcoma S180 and human lung cancer A549 cells were respectively implanted subcutaneously in ICR mice and nude mice to establish implanted tumor models. Flow cytometry (FCM) was used to assay the cycle distribution of the tumor cells. Immunohistochemistry was used to measure CD31-positive expression in the xenogrft tumor by analyzing microvessel density (MVD). In addition, acute toxicities of actein and 26-deoxyactein were also evaluated. Results: Actein and 26-deoxyactein inhibited the proliferation of the 12 human cancer cell lines tested with the values of 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) between 12.29 and 88.39 μg/mL. In vivo, both actein (3-27 mg/kg) and 26-deoxyactein (3-27 mg/kg) significantly inhibited the growth of the implanted sarcoma S180 in a dose-dependent manner. Actein (10, 30 mg/kg) and 26-deoxyactein (10, 30 mg/kg) markedly inhibited the xenograft growth with T/C (%) values of 38%, 55% for actein, and 35%, 49% for 26-deoxyactein. Compared with the vehicle control, actein (10, 30 mg/kg) and 26-deoxyactein (10, 30 mg/kg) significantly reduced the MVD in the xenograft tumor. The FCM result showed that human leukemia HL-60 cells were arrested at G1 phase after treated with either actein (6.25-25 μg/mL) or 26-deoxyactein (6.25-25 μg/mL) for 48 h. A limited trial in mice showed that both of the minimal lethal doses (MLDs) of actein and 26-deoxyactein were over 5 g/kg. Conclusions: Both actein and 26-deoxyactein have low toxicities. Importantly, both these two tetracyclic triterpenoids compounds isolated from rhizome of Cimicifuga foetida L. have significant antitumor activities in vitro and in vivo, which is associated with cell cycle arrest and angiogenesis inhibition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three antimicrobial sphingolipids were separated by bioassay-guided isolation from the chloroform fraction of the crude methanol extract of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) stems and identified as (2S,3S,4R,10E)-2-[(2′R)-2-hydroxytetra-cosanoylamino]-1,3,4-octadecanetriol-10-ene (1), 1-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl(2S,3S,4R,10E)-2-[(2′R)-2-hydroxytetracosanoylamino]- 1,3,4-octadecanetriol-10-ene (2) and soya-cerebroside I (3) by their physicochemical properties and spectroscopic analysis. They were evaluated to show antifungal and antibacterial activity on test microorganisms including four fungal and three bacterial species. Among them, compound 1, a relatively low polarity aglycone, exhibited stronger antimicrobial activity than its corresponding glycoside 2. The results indicated that sphingolipids could be the main antimicrobial compounds in the crude methanol extract of cucumber stems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three new triterpenoid saponins, xuedanglycosides A–C 1–3, resp., along with six known ones, were isolated from the rhizomes of Hemsleya chinensis.By detailed analysis of the NMR spectra, by chemical methods, and by comparison with spectral data of known compounds, the structures of new compounds were determined to be 16α,23αepoxy2β,3α,20βtrihydroxy10α,23αcucurbita5,24dien11on2yl βDglucopyranoside 1, 2β,3α,16α,20βtetrahydroxycucurbita5,25diene11,22dion2yl βDglucopyranoside 2, and oleanolic acid 28Oβxylopyranosyl1→6Oβglucopyranoside 3. In addition, hemslecin A 2OβDglucopyranoside 6, hemsamabilinin B 7, and hemslonin A 9 were obtained for the first time from this plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three new trinor-cycloartane glycosides, 15a-hydroxy-16-dehydroxy-16(24)- en-foetidinol-3-O-β-D-xylopyranoside (1), 28-hydroxy-foetidinol-3-O-β-D-xylopyranoside (2) and foetidinol-3-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1"→3')-β-D-xylopyranoside (3) together with the known compound foetidinol-3-O-β-D-xylopyranoside (4) were isolated from the n- BuOH fraction of the roots of Cimicifuga foetida. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical reaction data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four new 9,19cyclolanostanetype triterpenes, 24Oacetyl25anhydroshengmanol3OβDxylopyranoside 1, 25Obutylcimigenol3OβDxylopyranoside 2, 12βhydrocimigenol3one 3, and 12βhydrocimigenol1en3one 4, together with 15 known analogues were isolated from the rhizome of Cimicifuga yunnanensisHsiao. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic and chemical methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new spirostanol saponins, 1?,3?,5?,25Sspirostan1,3diol 1?Dxylopyranoside 1 and 1?,3?,5?,25Sspirostan1,3diol 1?Lrhamnopyranosyl1?2?Dfucopyranoside 2, along with two known compounds, 1?,3?,5?,25Sspirostan1,3diol 1?Lrhamnopyranosyl1?2?Dxylopyranoside 3 and 1?,3?,4?,5?,25Sspirostan1,3,4,5tetrol 5?Dglucopyranoside 4 were isolated from the whole plant of Reineckia carnea.The structures of the new steroids were determined by detailed analysis of their 1D and 2DNMR spectra and chemical methods, and by comparison with spectral data of known compounds. Compounds 3and 4were isolated from the genus Reineckiafor the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]