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This literature review aims to present a comprehensive overview of contracts used in agriculture, focusing on their development, usage, and impacts in Bulgaria and other countries, and based on it make a classification of the contracts. The research is grounded in the broader field of agricultural economics, rural development and instructional economics, emphasizing the shift in use in contracts in agriculture in Bulgaria after the accession of the country in the EU. It delves into various types of contracts used in agriculture. The classification that is created is illustrating a detailed framework that organizes these agreements based on their focus and functionality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anime director Mamoru Hosoda's focus on digital technology, social networks, and the power of online communities is a recurring thematic and visual motif in many of his works, beginning with the forty-minute film Digimon Adventure: Our War Game! (2000), continuing with Summer Wars (2009), and recently resurfacing in Belle (2021). This article traces the aesthetic evolution of Hosoda's virtual spaces over the past two decades, unpacking the technological, ideological, and stylistic underpinnings and implications of the shift from Digimon's relative lack of visual sophistication to the sleek speculative architecture of Belle. It puts these digital worlds in conversation with the contemporary digital culture discourses they reflect, examining Hosoda's sustained engagement with broader societal attitudes towards digital technologies, particularly the internet and social media. At the same time, my analysis focuses on the director's increasing reliance on digital animation, investigating the relationship between his films' computer-generated worlds and the animation processes enabling their creation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Land prices are integral for a variety of stakeholders, ranging from urban planners to real estate investors. Land prices play a pivotal role in economic theory, influencing a myriad of decisions from urban planning to investment strategies. The tree datasets we are focusing on are from separate sources present information on a land prices in Bulgaria, it becomes essential to determine their consistency. Linear regression serves as a powerful tool to achieve this and a second method of MANOVA is applied to understand the tree datasets. The aim of this study is to prove the reliability of the information on the agricultural resource. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In modern conditions a new type of business plan is necessary to accommodate all of the factors and a defined aim is the first part of understanding the agricultural holdings needs. Based on a critical review of the concept of business models in the method of the aspect developed a model for cooperation between science and business, which includes units in the chain of research institutes - companies offering names - manufacturers - consumers, the main focus is on production, where the effects of agricultural holdings. The following methods are used in the development and implementation of the model: analysis of causal relationships, descriptive analysis, comparative analysis, constructive calculation method, expert evaluation, survey method, in-depth study, partial replacement budget, profit matrix and others. This business model combines 10 components in its framework and has the aim to foster and evaluate cooperation between agricultural holdings and scientific institutes. As a result of the changing nature of competition, new approaches based on innovation must be implemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the author is to first assess the factors influencing and the importance of their impact on agricultural rents and land prices. Much of the land in Bulgaria is leased and that requires an assessment of the relationship between lands rent and land price. The price of land is mainly influenced by the location, size and purpose of the purchased land. The average market price of agricultural land, regardless of location, size and purpose of land use, show significant differences from year to year and from region to region. Since 2010, the percentage of land for rent and the market price of land have been called the capitalization rate. The average growth rate of land rent should not exceed 6%, nor should it lead to a mismatch between the development of land rent and land prices or to a disproportionate increase in land price. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay focuses on the nascent symbiotic relationship between deepfakes and art museums and galleries, as demonstrated by three case studies. The first one, housed at the Dalí Museum in St Petersburg, Florida, is a life-size talking avatar of the artist generated from archival footage. The second one, Warriors by James Coupe, revisits Walter Hill's 1979 film of the same name using deepfake algorithms to insert visitors' faces into key scenes, sorting them into gangs based on data-driven analysis of their demographic and economic markers. Finally, Gillian Wearing's fake ad, Wearing Gillian, uses deepfake technology to enable a series of actors to appear on screen with the artist's face as a way of interrogating questions of identity in a networked digital world. Based on these works, my article examines museums' employment of deepfakes for advertising, audience engagement, and educational outreach, and the curatorial, ethical, and creative opportunities and challenges involved therein. While deepfake esthetics will be discussed wherever relevant, this is not a formalist analysis; my goal is not to focus on close readings of the deepfake pieces themselves, however fascinating their esthetics. Instead, I will look at the promotional and critical discourse around them in order to unpack the ways in which the acquisition of creative deepfake works by cultural institutions functions as a legitimizing force that is already shifting the narrative regarding the artistic value and social functions of this technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Collective memory" contributes to the development of economic activity in any field of the material production. The aim of the present study is to learn about the impact of the psychological and social phenomenon "Collective Memory" on Bulgarian agriculture and economy. What changes are applied in the agricultural sector because of this phenomenon had been a long-standing question for researchers, because of the role of the sector for expansion of local communities, prosperity of the regional economy and for strengthening the national economy. The focus of this study is to reveal how collective memory is changing the shape of Bulgarian agriculture. The study of this phenomenon uses interdisciplinary knowledge and skills to apply an appropriate methodological framework. Using the scientific method, the authors approve appropriate methodological solutions, including desk research, interviews, and fieldwork in mountainous and valley areas in Bulgaria. We share other authors idea, that the created collective memory, no matter real or imposed affects the translate to behavior of the individuals and nations. Collective memory is built under the influence of several factors, one of which is the state presentation of events to society. Collective events are most likely to contribute to a long-term collective memory or be the factor for social perception of the past, when they influence long-term social change, are emotionally charged, provide an abundance of social and emotional enterprises, are often perform / rehearse through the media, connect with collective introduction and commemorative rituals, which can be recognized by institutions and individuals. To take a closer look at "Collective Memory" in Bulgaria, we have presented various components / factors in the formation of collective memory and added a "case study" to present relational effects on the phenomenon / process in agriculture by applying theoretical framework that includes: Socio Historical Theory and Dynamic Theory. An example in this filed we are interested in, is the state of land relations after the development of the planned economy, the sale of land in natural restitution that cause problems in Bulgarian agriculture, which is a direct manifestation of collective memory. This is evident from the analysis of the narratives in conducting field work. The importance of the process of memory restoration is shown, in which memory is a factor, that strengthens the evidence of the past and the opportunities for transportation to the present active introduction at individual, local, regional, and national levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on Russian animation director Aleksandr Petrov's short films, created with the rarely employed, labour-intensive paint-on-glass technique. Using an animation studies approach, this article explores the formal features of Petrov's signature aesthetic, often described as 'painting brought to life'. In particular, this discussion of his oeuvre focuses on the ways in which his animation technique facilitates the complex interplay between visual metamorphosis, spatial mutability and temporal ellipsis characteristic of his films. Through a close reading of relevant sequences from a range of works (including both fictional and promotional shorts), this article investigates how the constant metamorphic flow of the director's imagery engenders what Petrov himself has described as 'the sense of instability and fluctuation of life' that permeates his animation. In doing so, it aims to suggest that paint-on-glass films – and under-camera animation more broadly – can challenge and complicate existing assumptions about animation and destabilise traditional hierarchies in film theory discourse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research is focused on bio-economic knowledge impact on social and economic added value. The premises of this paper are that habit formation can be used to implement bio-economy knowledge in different age groups in Bulgaria. The implementation of knowledge and good practices will be done on institutional level using the ILAC model. Using the institutional environment as a learning one, we are creating more sustainable population with better understanding of today‘s problems and coping mechanisms to overcome them. In every aspect of the bioeconomy we have gathered good practices as example that can be easily added to the daily life and can be implemented as institutional norm of behavior. A shift in perception and understanding our surrounding environment have undergone the last 30 years, more people, companies and even countries have turn towards more ecological friendly means of production and using policies, financial incentives and new habit formation in schools, work and universities have created a society with better understanding of bio-economy, environment preservation, biodiversity and sustainable practices. In the long term the benefits of implementing better practices that preserve human and animal habitat and mitigate the human destruction, outweigh the struggles of changing the human behavior in the beginning and the starting capital that some policies require. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research we are identifying the processes that are key factors for change in the agricultural environment. The PESTLE analysis is used to sort the state of every of the panels and find which one has the most impact. In our case we are identifying macroeconomic factors that have influence on the future development of the sector of agriculture in Bulgaria. In Bulgaria this kind of research has not been done using the PESTLE and will help future researchers to identify strengths and weaknesses in Bulgarian political, economic, sociocultural and technological environments. The legal framework and environmental factors are particularly important for agriculture and have been added in this order because the legal framework carries a higher importance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on three showrunners: Natasha Allegri (Bee and PuppyCat), Shadi Petosky (Danger & Eggs, co-created with Mike Owens), and Rebecca Sugar (Steven Universe). It outlines the ways in which these women—who share a background in independent comics and online art—have taken advantage of emergent online distribution and funding models and the rising influence of fragmented audiences and online fan communities in the post-network era in order to make space for diverse, feminist, and LGBTQ-inclusive narratives and aesthetics. Combining an industry studies approach to the three showrunners' career trajectories with close analysis of their shows, this article offers insight into a distinctive form of independent female production that thrives at the intersection of twenty-first century television marketing, funding, and distribution strategies and contemporary online fan discourses and practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Classical film theory topics, such as the divide between live action and animation, the definition of cinematic performance, and the configuration and impact of the star system continue to shape – while also being reshaped by – discourse on animation labor in the digital age. Focusing on motion capture in contemporary Hollywood, the first part of this article historicizes and examines the diminishment of the animators’ contribution to this filmmaking process in promotional materials and public discussions, and the accompanying overemphasis on the star persona’s performance. In doing so, it aims to contextualize and shed light on the practices and imperatives that determine current labor policies and power dynamics in the industry. The second part introduces questions of gender relations and gender-based hierarchies of representation into the discussion of motion and performance capture’s labor climate. In order to highlight and reflect on the ambivalence of the motion capture industry’s labor politics, it offers a feminist reading of a distinct, yet related form of disenfranchisement in motion-capture filmmaking, namely digital voyeurism and the objectification of the female performer in films such as Beowulf (Robert Zemeckis, 2007) and Avatar (James Cameron, 2009), and video games such as Beyond: Two Souls (Quantic Dream, 2013). Finally, by highlighting such interrelated policies of marginalization and erasure of labor, the author aims to emphasize the inadequacy of describing motion capture as a collaborative process and to call for a reconceptualization of the critical approaches towards its study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The structural defining elements of the socio-economic model for the sustainability of rural development are closely related to the revitalization of the activities, processes and results of the functioning of economic units/actors in rural areas. We have used a double matrix socio-economic model that has the aim to determine what role do the micro and small farms have in socio-economic environment in Bulgaria, as well as how implementation of EU politics and national legislation affect them. Bulgarian agriculture has experienced major structural changes as a result of the restoration of ownership of agricultural land and in recent years, CAP policy the green deal, combined with COVID19 and the war in Ukraine has influenced heavily the processes happening to small and micro farms in Bulgaria and their role/place in agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Petr Lutsik's The Outskirts is a critical exploration of the historical permutations and lasting appeal of the figure of the Russian peasant as a cultural icon. The film engages in open-ended dialogue with popular representations of the peasant, notably in Russian folklore and the 1930s cinema of socialist realism. This article investigates the ways in which Lutsik (re)mythologizes Russian peasants; it discusses the director's collapsing of the conventional temporal barriers between historical eras and the resulting interweaving of cultural trends and movements as an act of challenging the linearity and rigidity of historical time. The article examines Lutsik's notion of peasants as 'tender beasts', exploring the mixture of sensitivity and animalism at the core of the film's ambivalent portrayal of its protagonists as simultaneously loathsome and admirable, cruel and just. It discusses Lutsik's engagement with the aesthetics of chernukha and necro-realism in order to depict an atmosphere of bleak, uncompromising, nonsensical violence, as well as his skilful counterbalancing of his character's viciousness with humour and lyrical, melodramatic sequences interspersed among the carnage. Finally, the article highlights Lutsik's incorporation of the Soviet classic Chapaev into his multi-layered text and his re-inscription of the film - and its title character - back into peasant discourse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For decades, the notion of the creator’s absolute control over the drawn image has remained a staple of animation discourse, and the advent of computer animation has recently reinvigorated this discussion. The animated science fiction features Metropia (Tarik Saleh, 2009), Metropolis (Rintaro, 2001), and Final Fantasy: The Spirits Within (Hironobu Sakaguchi and Motonori Sakakibara, 2001) engage utopian daydreams and articulate anxieties about the high degree of artistic mastery facilitated by advanced technology. Using these three films as case studies, this text examines computer-animated futuristic urban spaces as architectures of control. It discusses digital bodies as products of animators’ increased mastery over mimetic representations of the human form and explores the ways in which computer animation foregrounds its technological and artistic control over the image as a feat to marvel at. In doing so, this analysis highlights the evolution of the dream of the omnipotent creator into a fantasy of omnipotent machinery, while also foregrounding concerns about the possible danger of technology undermining animators’ labor and making it obsolete in the context of contemporary production practices. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]