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Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) is the major contaminant of poultry products, and its ability to form biofilms on produced food and poultry farm processing surfaces contributes to Salmonella transmission to humans. Bacteriophages have come under increasing interest for anti- Salmonella biofilm control. In this study, we used the three previously sequenced and described phages UPWr_S1, UPWr_S3, and UPWr_S4 and a phage cocktail, UPWr_S134, containing these three phages to degrade biofilms formed by two S. Enteritidis strains, 327 lux and ATCC 13076, in vitro. It was found that treatment with bacteriophages significantly reduced biofilm on a 96-well microplate (32–69%) and a stainless steel surface (52–98%) formed by S. Enteritidis 327 lux. The reduction of biofilm formed by S. Enteritidis ATCC 13076 in the 96-well microplate and on a stainless steel surface for bacteriophage treatment was in the range of 73–87% and 60–97%, respectively. Under laboratory conditions, an experimental model utilizing poultry drinkers artificially contaminated with S. Enteritidis 327 lux and treated with UPWr_S134 phage cocktail was applied. In in vitro trials, the phage cocktail significantly decreased the number of Salmonella on the surface of poultry drinkers. Moreover, the phage cocktail completely eradicated Salmonella from the abundant bacterial load on poultry drinkers in an experimentally infected chickens. Therefore, the UPWr_S134 phage cocktail is a promising candidate for Salmonella biocontrol at the farm level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel impregnation process for the fabrication of cotton nanocomposite with strong antimicrobial activity against antibiotics‐resistant bacteria and yeast was developed. The impregnation process includes the sol–gel treatment of fabric with (3‐aminopropyl)triethoxysilane in the first step, and synthesis of the CuO/Cu2O nanoparticles (NPs) on the fabric surface in the second step. The in situ synthesis of the CuO/Cu2O NPs was based on the adsorption of Cu2+‐ions by the introduced amino groups of the sol–gel coating. The adsorbed Cu2+‐ions are subsequently reduced in the alkaline solution of NaBH4. X‐ray diffraction measurements confirmed the formation of CuO/Cu2O NPs. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic absorption spectrometry analyses indicate that the particle size, agglomeration, and amounts of synthesized NPs were highly affected by the initial concentration of CuSO4 solution. The toxicity of nanocomposites to human keratinocytes (HaCaT) and antimicrobial activity against Gram‐negative Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, E. coli ATCC BAA 2469, and Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC BAA 2146, and Gram‐positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, S. aureus ATCC 43300 and yeast Candida albicans ATCC 24433 strongly depended on the copper content. In addition to excellent antimicrobial activity, controlled release of Cu2+‐ions from the fabrics into physiological saline solution was obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study discusses the possibility of fabrication of textile nanocomposites with antimicrobial activity against antibiotics-resistant bacterial strains and yeast. Modification of cotton fabric with oxalic acid solutions of different concentrations provided free carboxyl groups for binding of Cu2+ -ions from copper (II) sulfate solution which were further reduced with sodium borohydride in alkaline solution. An increase in the concentration of applied oxalic acid resulted in larger amounts of free carboxyl groups on the cotton fibers, Cu2+ -ions uptake and total amounts of Cu-based nanoparticles after reduction. XPS and XRD analyses suggested that nanoparticles mainly consisted of CuO with fractions of Cu2O. Fabricated textile nanocomposites ensured maximum reduction of Gram-negative E. coli ATCC 25922, E. coli NCTC 13846, E. coli ATCC BAA-2469, K. pneumoniae ATCC-BAA 2146 and P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Gram-positive bacteria S. aureus ATCC 25923 and S. aureus ATCC 43300 and yeast C. albicans ATCC 24433. Additionally, controlled release of Cu2+ -ions from fabrics into the physiological saline solution was obtained within 24 hours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Archives of Veterinary Medicine / Arhiv Veterinarske Medicine is the property of Scientific Veterinary Institute Novi Sad and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Two new platinum(IV) complexes (1, trifluoperazinehydrochloride-aquapentachloridoplatinate(IV) and2, chlorpromazine-chlorpromazinehydrochloridepentachloridoplatinate(IV)) were synthesized in the reaction of K2[PtCl6] with trifluoperazine dihydrochloride (TF·2HCl) or chlorpromazine hydrochloride (CP·HCl). The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductivity measurement, and spectral (IR,1H,13C, 2D1H–13C heteronuclear correlation spectra,195Pt NMR, and MS) methods. Outer-coordination sphere was proposed for1; while in2, the ligand was coordinated to the metal. The complexes exhibit antibacterial effect on strains ofBacillus subtilis,Bacillus cereus,Bacillus pumilus, and methicillin-resistantStaphylococcias Gram-positive bacteria and anEscherichia colias Gram-negative bacteria, as well as the reference strains. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Oleum Hyperici, the oil extract of St. John's Wort (SJW), is one of the oldest folk remedies, traditionally used in the topical treatment of wounds, bruises, ulcers, cuts, burns, hemorrhoids and also as an antiseptic. Considering the advantageous characteristics of emulsion applications, in the present study we have formulated three O/W creams containing 15% (w/v) of SJW oil extract as an active ingredient. The aim was to estimate dermatological application of the prepared creams for the abovementioned indications. The extracts were prepared according to the prescriptions from traditional medicine, however with different vegetable oils used as an extractant, namely: Olive, palm and sunflower oil. The investigated O/W creams demonstrated significant antiinflammatory effects in an in vivo double-blind randomized study, using a sodium lauryl sulphate test. Both skin parameters assessed in the study (electrical capacitance and erythema index), were restored to the baseline value after a seven-day treatment with the tested creams. Almost all investigated SJW oil extracts and corresponding creams displayed the same antimicrobial activity against the most of the investigated microorganisms with obtained minimal inhibitory concentrations values of 1,280 μg/mL, 2,560 μg/mL or >2,560 μg/mL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was continuous monitoring of the presence of mcr-1 to mcr-5 genes in Enterobacterales isolated from cattle, pigs, and domestic poultry at intensive breeding facilities in Northern Vojvodina, Serbia, from 1 January 1 to 1 October 2020. Out of 2167 examined samples, mcr-1 was observed in five E. coli isolates originating from healthy turkeys. Four isolates belonged to the phylogenetic group B1, and one isolate to the phylogenetic group A. Detected E. coli serogenotypes (somatic O and flagellar H antigens) were O8:H25 and O29:H25. Core-genome multi-locus sequence typing (cgMLST) revealed three ST58 isolates clustering together in Clonal Complex (CC) 155 and two singletons of ST641-CC86 and ST410-CC23, respectively. Clonotyping revealed CH4-32 (n = 3), CH6-53 (n = 1) and CH4-24 (n = 1). In all isolates, the mcr-1 gene was located on a large IncX4 replicon type plasmid. Eight virulence-associated genes (VAGs) typical of avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) (fyuA, fimH, hlyF, iss, ompT, sitA, traT, iroN) were detected in four isolates. These isolates were investigated for susceptibility to four biocides and revealed MIC values of 0.125% for glutardialdehyde, of 0.00003–0.00006% for chlorohexidine, of 4–6% for isopropanol and of 0.001–0.002% for benzalkonium chloride. All obtained MIC values of the tested biocides were comparable to the reference strain, with no indication of possible resistance. This is the first report of mcr-1.1-carrying E. coli from Serbia. Although only samples from turkeys were mcr-positive in this study, continuous monitoring of livestock samples is advised to prevent a spill-over from animals to humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]