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Introduction: Candida dubliniensis was reclassified from the C. albicans genotype D, and reports show its frequent detection in HIV-positive individuals and easy acquisition of antifungal drug resistance. However, the oral carriage rate in healthy people and contribution to candidiasis in Japan is unclear. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of the C. dubliniensis carriage rate, performed genotyping and tested antifungal drug susceptibility and protease productivity. Specimens from 2432 Japanese subjects in six regions (1902 healthy individuals, 423 with candidiasis individuals, 107 HIV-positive individuals) were cultured using CHROMagarTMCandida, and the species was confirmed via 25S rDNA amplification and ITS sequences analyzed for genotyping. Results: The C. dubliniensis carriage rate in healthy Japanese was low in the central mainland (0–15%) but high in the most northerly and southerly areas (30–40%). The distribution of these frequencies did not differ depending on age or disease (HIV-infection, candidiasis). Genotype I, previously identified in other countries, was most frequent in Japan, but novel genotypes were also observed. Six antifungal drugs showed higher susceptibility against C. albicans, but protease productivity was low. Conclusions: Oral C. dubliniensis has low pathogenicity with distribution properties attributed to geography and not dependent on age or disease status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The middle corona, the region roughly spanning heliocentric distances from 1.5 to 6 solar radii, encompasses almost all of the influential physical transitions and processes that govern the behavior of coronal outflow into the heliosphere. The solar wind, eruptions, and flows pass through the region, and they are shaped by it. Importantly, the region also modulates inflow from above that can drive dynamic changes at lower heights in the inner corona. Consequently, the middle corona is essential for comprehensively connecting the corona to the heliosphere and for developing corresponding global models. Nonetheless, because it is challenging to observe, the region has been poorly studied by both major solar remote-sensing and in-situ missions and instruments, extending back to the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) era. Thanks to recent advances in instrumentation, observational processing techniques, and a realization of the importance of the region, interest in the middle corona has increased. Although the region cannot be intrinsically separated from other regions of the solar atmosphere, there has emerged a need to define the region in terms of its location and extension in the solar atmosphere, its composition, the physical transitions that it covers, and the underlying physics believed to shape the region. This article aims to define the middle corona, its physical characteristics, and give an overview of the processes that occur there. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The High Resolution Imager (HRIEUV) telescope of the Extreme Ultraviolet Imager (EUI) instrument onboard Solar Orbiter has observed EUV brightenings, so-called campfires, as fine-scale structures at coronal temperatures. The goal of this paper is to compare the basic geometrical (size, orientation) and physical (intensity, lifetime) properties of the EUV brightenings with regions of energy dissipation in a nonpotential coronal magnetic-field simulation. In the simulation, HMI line-of-sight magnetograms are used as input to drive the evolution of solar coronal magnetic fields and energy dissipation. We applied an automatic EUV-brightening detection method to EUV images obtained on 30 May 2020 by the HRIEUV telescope. We applied the same detection method to the simulated energy dissipation maps from the nonpotential simulation to detect simulated brightenings. We detected EUV brightenings with a density of 1.41 × 10 − 3 brightenings/Mm2 in the EUI observations and simulated brightenings between 2.76 × 10 − 2 – 4.14 × 10 − 2 brightenings/Mm2 in the simulation, for the same time range. Although significantly more brightenings were produced in the simulations, the results show similar distributions of the key geometrical and physical properties of the observed and simulated brightenings. We conclude that the nonpotential simulation can successfully reproduce statistically the characteristic properties of the EUV brightenings (typically with more than 85% similarity); only the duration of the events is significantly different between observations and simulation. Further investigations based on high-cadence and high-resolution magnetograms from Solar Orbiter are under consideration to improve the agreement between observation and simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Sun Watcher with Active Pixels and Image Processing (SWAP) instrument onboard ESA's PRoject for On Board Autonomy 2 (PROBA2) has provided the first uncompressed, high-cadence, continuous, large field-of-view observations of the extended extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) corona for over a complete solar cycle. It has helped shape our understanding of this previously understudied region, and pioneered research into the middle corona. In this article, we present a review of all publications that have utilized these observations to explore the extended EUV corona, highlighting the unique contributions made by SWAP. The review is broadly divided into three main sections of SWAP-based studies about: i) long-lived phenomena, such as streamers, pseudo-streamers, and coronal fans; ii) dynamic phenomena, such as eruptions, jets, EUV waves, and shocks; iii) coronal EUV emission generation. We also highlight SWAP's imaging capabilities, techniques that have been applied to observations to enhance the off-limb observations and its legacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Periodontal disease develops as a result of oral microbiota in dysbiosis, followed by the growth of periodontal pathogens such as Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia. In case of acute symptoms, antibacterial agents and disinfectants are administered, however the appearance of drug-resistant bacteria and allergies cause problems. In recent years, studies on the effects of probiotics have been conducted as an alternative therapy for periodontitis. However, the basic mechanism of the inhibitory effect of probiotic bacteria on periodontal disease has not been clearly elucidated. To clarify the antibacterial mechanism of probiotics against periodontal pathogens, we used Limosilactobacillus (Lactobacillus) fermentum ALAL020, which showed the strongest antibacterial activity against P. gingivalis and P. intermedia among 50 screened lactic acid bacteria strains. The antibacterial substances produced were identified and structurally analyzed. After neutralizing the MRS liquid culture supernatant of ALAL020 strain, the molecular weight (m/z) of the main antibacterial substance separated by gel filtration column chromatography and reverse phase HPLC was 226.131. This low molecular weight compound was analyzed by LC-MS and disclosed the composition formula C11H18O3N2, however the molecular structure remained unknown. Then, structural analysis by NMR revealed C11H18O3N2 as the cyclic dipeptide, "hexahydro-7-hydroxy-3- (2-methylpropyl) pyrrolo [1,2-a] pyrazine-1,4-dion cyclo (Hyp-Leu) ". Based on the results of this analysis, cyclo (Hyp-Leu) was chemically synthesized and the antibacterial activity against P. gingivalis and P. intermedia was measured. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 2.5 g/L and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was shown to be less than 5 g/L. In addition, an in vitro epithelial tissue irritation test at 10 g/L showed no tissue toxicity. So far there are no reports of this peptide being produced by probiotic bacteria. Furthermore, antibacterial activity of this cyclic dipeptide against periodontal disease bacteria has not been confirmed. The results of this study might lead to a comprehensive understanding of the antibacterial mechanism against periodontal disease bacteria in future, and are considered applicable for the prevention of periodontal disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through narrative, poetry, photographs, and philosophical reflection, this essay attends to the possibilities and impossibilities of hospitality in encounters between particular Canadian teacher-educators, Somali student-teachers, and those hosting and facilitating their encounters in the Dadaab refugee camps in Kenya. The scenes of educational hospitality trouble the boundaries between host and guest, teacher and student, implacement and displacement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identifying community‐driven priorities to improve health outcomes is crucial toward achieving health equity. Seldom are communities experiencing health disparities included in community health assessment (CHA) and health improvement planning efforts (Pennel, McLeroy, Burdine, Matarrita‐Cascante, & Wang, 2017). The purpose of this project was to conduct a CHA using a socio‐ecological framework and community engagement (CE) process. In this paper we describe an exemplar engaging local residents as community facilitators to assess indicators of neighborhood livability, challenges and lessons learned, and implications for public health and community/public health nursing. Community residents were trained to facilitate focus groups and participated in analyzing these data. Data analysis yielded five neighborhood livability indicators and priorities reflecting the social determinants of health. Engaging community residents as stakeholders in CHA and health improvement planning is critical for identifying structural factors affecting neighborhood livability and priorities to improve health and well‐being. Public health and health care system partnerships employing inclusive CE practices are necessary to improve overall population health outcomes. Public health nursing's role as strategy and system leaders can contribute toward the success of these cross‐sector partnerships with diverse communities and populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interdisciplinary and collaborative projects between industry and academia provide exceptional opportunities for learning. Project Sanitarium is a serious game for Windows PC and Tablet which aims to embed learning about tuberculosis (TB) through the player taking on the role of a doctor and solving cases across the globe. The project developed as a collaboration between staff and undergraduate students at the School of Arts, Media and Computer Games at Abertay University working with academics and researchers from the Infection Group at the University of St Andrews. The project also engaged industry partners Microsoft and DeltaDNA. The project aimed to educate students through a workplace simulation pedagogical model, encourage public engagement at events and through news coverage and lastly to prototype whether games could be used to simulate a virtual clinical trial. The project was embedded in the Abertay undergraduate programme where students are presented with real world problems to solve through design and technology. The result was a serious game prototype that utilized game design techniques and technology to demystify and educate players about the diagnosis and treatment of one of the world's oldest and deadliest diseases, TB. Project Sanitarium aims to not only educate the player, but allows the player to become a part of a simulated drug trial that could potentially help create new treatments in the fight against TB. The game incorporates a mathematical model that is based on data from real-world drug trials. The interdisciplinary pedagogical model provides undergraduates with workplace simulation, wider industry collaboration and access to academic expertise to solve challenging and complex problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Conducting federally mandated community health needs assessments through academic‐practice partnerships provides new opportunities for developing population health nursing competencies. Objectives: The purpose of this article was to describe how a baccalaureate practicum experience within such an assessment process, involving health care system partners, re‐affirms the importance of community and population health assessment in the development of future nursing leaders. Results: Student evaluations indicated an emerging appreciation for the social determinants of health, the power of partnerships, and the importance of diversity. Integrating health care and public health system perspectives on assessment meets both public health and nursing accreditation standards and extends student leadership experiences. Such integration also improves regional capacity for improving population health. Conclusions: Federal mandates for community health needs assessments provide opportunities to advance leadership roles for nursing graduates throughout the health care system, and for confirming the importance of community assessment as an essential nursing competency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alfredo: Living here day by day, you think it's the center of the world. You believe nothing will ever change. Then you leave: a year, two years. When you come back, everything's changed, the threads broken. What you came to find isn't there. What was yours is gone. You have to go away for a long time  …  many years  …  before you can come back and find your people—the land where you were born. But now, no. It's not possible. Right now you’re blinder than I am. Salvatore: Who said that? Gary Cooper? James Stewart? Henry Fonda? Eh? Alfredo: No, Toto. Nobody said it. This time it's all me. Life isn't like in the movies. Life  …  is much harder. InCinema Paradiso(Tomatore, 1988), Salvatore's love of movies came from spending his earlier, young life inside a cinema with the fatherly projectionist Alfredo, now blind and bitter. Alfredo is right. Life is much harder, yes, yet still very much “like in the movies” filled with frustrated actions, performed inside blind and repetitive constellations of every-day-ness and non-stop antinomies.Cinema Paradiso,among other cinematic gems, is curriculum to a seminar in Urban Education that probes, tussles, even attempts to seduce the grand problem of education, as posed by Hannah Arendt: “[F]or the sake of what is new and revolutionary in every child, education must  …  preserve this newness and introduce it as a new thing into an old world” (1968, p. 193). In this essay the authors, characters themselves and co-instructors, tell the story of this seminar and its pedagogy. In the telling, each plays a different role—Meyer recounts the narrative in seven scenes, Vellani weaves in fiveCounterpoint Momentsof its hermeneutics, set up as notes between the scenes. The narrative feature,Matinee Dreams,unfolds an argument in prose, of lived curricular and cinematic moments with teachers from urban contexts—graduate students, at times a weeping audience, and co-authors in children's lives. In front of the screen in a makeshift cinema, all are beholden to the Arendtian question of pedagogy: What does it mean to be a teacher amid the onslaught of newcomers and the unpredictable plurality, in a world, old and weary? [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Objectives: Objective was to analyze the effects of a long-term prevention program on dental and oral health of adolescents. Materials and methods: The entire study was subdivided into five phases. Phase I comprised an individual preventive care during pregnancy, phase II assessed mothers and their children until the age of 3, and in phase III until the age of 6. In phase IV, 13- to 14-year-old teenagers were investigated. In phase V, 18-19-year-old adolescents were examined (18.4 ± 0.4 years, n = 26). All phases consisted of an examination, education, and treatment based on the concept of an 'early oral health care promotion.' The control group consisted of randomly selected adolescents of the same age ( n = 35). The following clinical parameters were assessed: DMF-T/DMF-S, HI, PBI, PSI, and Streptococcus mutans/lactobacilli concentration in saliva. Results: The adolescents of the prevention group revealed a share of 92.3 % caries-free dentition. Mean DMF-T was 1.4 ± 2.6. The control group showed a significantly higher mean DMF-T of 3.8 ± 3.2 ( p < 0.05) and revealed 71.4 % of caries-free dentition. The prevention group showed a significant lower PSI of 1.2 ± 0.8 compared to the control group (2.1 ± 0.4) ( p < 0.05). Conclusion: An 'early oral health care promotion' starting during pregnancy may cause a sustained and long-term improvement of the oral health of young adults. Clinical Relevance: Prevention programs starting during pregnancy may establish an improved health behavior. Caries, periodontitis, and dietary complications in mother and child can be avoided by improving maternal oral health and by a tooth-friendly diet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This study covers phase IV of a prospective clinical long-term study. Objective of this clinical investigation was to analyze the effects of a long-term prevention program on dental and oral health of teenagers at the age of 13 to 14 years. The entire study was subdivided into four phases. Phase I comprised an individual preventive care during pregnancy (“primary-primary prevention”); phase II assessed mothers and their young children until the age of 3 years (“primary prevention”); and in phase III, mothers and children at the age of 6 years were investigated. In phase IV of the study, the oral health of 13- to 14-year-old teenagers was examined (13.4 ± 0.5 years; n = 29). All phases consisted of an examination, education about oral health care, and treatment based on the concept of an early oral health care promotion. The control group consisted of randomly selected adolescents at the same age ( n = 30). The following clinical parameters were assessed: decayed/missing/filled teeth (DMF-T)/decayed, missing, and filled surface teeth index, hygiene index, papilla bleeding index, Periodontal Screening Index, and Streptococcus mutans/Lactobacillus concentration in saliva. The teenagers of the “prevention” group of phase IV of our prospective study revealed a share of 89.7% caries-free dentitions (65.5% sound; 24.2% caries-free with fillings). Mean DMF-T was 0.55 ± 1.0. The control group showed a significantly higher mean DMF-T of 1.5 ± 1.5 ( p < 0.05) and revealed 56.7% of caries-free dentitions (30% sound, 26.7% caries-free with restorations). Our data clearly document that an early oral health care promotion starting during pregnancy may cause a sustained and long-term improvement of the oral health of children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The investigation of plant mixtures used in traditional medicine in Northern Peru yielded a total of 974 herbal preparations used to treat 164 different afflictions. Psychosomatic disorders were, with almost 30% of all recipes applied, the most important afflictions treated. In most cases, healers used only one or two mixtures to treat an illness. However, up to 49 different preparations were used to treat the same disease. This indicates a high degree of experimentation. Altogether 330 plant species, representing almost 65% of the medicinal flora used in the region were applied in mixtures. The overwhelming number of plant mixtures contained 2-7 different plant species, although in the most extreme case 27 distinct species were included. The cluster analysis confirmed that mixtures used for applications like inflammations, infections and blood purification, as well as cough, cold, bronchitis or other respiratory disorders, or urinary infection and kidney problems had similar floristic compositions. Mixtures used for nervous system disorders, anxiety and heart problems often had a similar composition [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To examine pulpal vitality in teeth suffering dental trauma during orthodontic therapy with fixed appliances. Materials and Methods: Pulpal condition was evaluated in 59 teeth that had suffered dental trauma during orthodontic treatment (TO-group), in 800 orthodontically treated teeth without previous dental trauma (0-group), and in 193 orthodontically untreated teeth with previous dental trauma (T-group). Pulpal vitality was examined clinically and with radiographs. Degree of pulp obliteration was rated as absent, partial, or total. All teeth in the TO-group showed a positive sensibility test prior to resumption of orthodontic therapy. Results: Teeth in the TO-group revealed a significantly higher frequency of pulp necrosis than teeth in the 0-group or teeth in the T-group (P < .001, respectively). In the TO-group, teeth with extrusive or lateral luxation (P = .031) and teeth with intrusive luxation (P = .015) injuries showed a significantly higher rate of pulp necrosis than teeth with fracture of enamel. In addition, teeth with total pulp obliteration showed a significantly higher frequency of pulp necrosis than teeth without pulp obliteration (P = .013). Conclusion: Teeth with severe periodontal injury during orthodontic therapy and subsequent total pulp obliteration have an increased risk of pulp necrosis during additional orthodontic treatment stages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents an examination on the methods of seed collection, germination and cultivation of prairie turnip in an effort to allow gardeners and commercial producers to successfully cultivate this species for seed and food production. To assess the potential of prairie turnips as a new crop species, the plant's nutritional value was analyzed and compared with common root crops. The prairie turnip planting requirements and growth rates were also examined to determine the conditions needed to optimize their production.

The tumor suppressor protein, p53, plays a critical role as a transcriptional activator of downstream target genes involved in the cellular response to DNA damaging agents. We examined the cell cycle checkpoint response of human mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) and their isogenic fibroblast counterparts to ionizing (IR) and ultraviolet (UV) radiation, two genotoxic agents whose DNA damage response pathways involve p53. Using flow cytometric analysis, we found that both mortal and immortalized HMEC, which contain wild-type p53 sequence, do not exhibit a G1 arrest in response to IR, but show an intact G2 checkpoint. Supportive evidence from Western analyses revealed that there was neither an increase in p53 nor one of its downstream targets, p21WAF1, in HMEC exposed to IR. In contrast, isogenic mammary fibroblasts arrest at the G1 checkpoint and induce the p53 and p21WAF1 proteins following IR. By comparison, HMEC exposed to UV displayed an S phase arrest and induced the expression of p53 and p21WAF1. Our results show that the cellular response to DNA damage depends on both the type of damage introduced into the DNA and the specific cell type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In science education the nature and value of science laboratory activities are the subject of critical debate. We believe a better understanding of what students do and think while purposefully engaged with materials will provide insights. The intent of this study is to explore elementary students’ actions and the knowledge they use while conducting an investigative task. Eight grade 4 and eight grade 7 students participated in the study. The problem and the materials within the task invoked a selection of knowledge schemes from the students’ personal repertoires. This knowledge appears to have included: models of magnetism and ‘strength'; procedures and specific strategies that prescribe how to find a solution. Our findings document ways the students comprehended the problem, what they manipulated, how they monitored what they observed, how they interpreted the results, and the strategies they used for deciding on a conclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Analyzes the discourse and inquiry method of teaching science in a study of grade 7 students. Light phenomena discussed; Consensually driven explanations studied.

Focuses on the phenomenon and the implications of being female in school science through girls' and young women's stories interwoven with the author's own narrative as a woman teacher/researcher in science education. Information on feminine perceptions of school science; Importance of classroom climate as a character of a learning environment.

The article presents a study that examined the ideas of children about colored objects and colored shadows, with special attention to the organization of these ideas into mental models. The explanation of these models provides instructional tools to assess and confront conceptions of student. This study was executed in a science museum with an interactive exhibits that show unexpected effects. Visiting children engaged in problem-solving situations that involved predictions, explanations, and manipulations of the exhibit.

Custody disputes are often the crisis point in the divorcing process and the numbers of contested custody cases are increasing. Mental health professionals are being called upon to provide evaluations of these families more frequently than ever. This article focuses on how to perform child custody evaluations. It touches on the highly troublesome cases where accusations of abuse and alcoholism have been made, and how to convey to attorneys the findings of an evaluation. It begins by reviewing developments in child custody law and concludes by addressing the problems between behavioral sciences and the law in the decision making process, while addressing the contextual setting for these cases as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The large field-of-view of the Sun Watcher using Active Pixel System detector and Image Processing (SWAP) instrument onboard the PRoject for Onboard Autonomy 2 (PROBA2) spacecraft provides a unique opportunity to study extended coronal structures observed in the EUV in conjunction with global coronal magnetic field simulations. A global non-potential magnetic field model is used to simulate the evolution of the global corona from 1 September 2014 to 31 March 2015, driven by newly emerging bipolar active regions determined from Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) magnetograms. We compare the large-scale structure of the simulated magnetic field with structures seen off-limb in SWAP EUV observations. In particular, we investigate how successful the model is in reproducing regions of closed and open structures, the scale of structures, and compare the evolution of a coronal fan observed over several rotations. The model is found to accurately reproduce observed large-scale, off-limb structures. When discrepancies do arise they mainly occur off the east solar limb due to active regions emerging on the far side of the Sun, which cannot be incorporated into the model until they are observed on the Earth-facing side. When such "late" active region emergences are incorporated into the model, we find that the simulated corona self-corrects within a few days, so that simulated structures off the west limb more closely match what is observed. Where the model is less successful, we consider how this may be addressed, through model developments or additional observational products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]