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Background: To investigate the association between metabolic syndrome, including its factors, and gallstone disease (GSD) in a Taiwanese population. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study during 2011 ~ 2012. A total of 12050 subjects who completed a questionnaire and underwent physical examination, laboratory tests and abdominal ultrasonography formed the study population. Results: The prevalences of metabolic syndrome and gallstone disease were 24.09% and 6.16%. In an age- and sex-adjusted logistic regression model, metabolic syndrome was associated with gallstone disease (OR = 1.61; P < 0.0001). Age, abdominal obesity, and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were associated with gallstone disease after adjusting for other factors. Females had a higher odds ratio than males in waist circumference for GSD, whereas males had a lower odds ratio than females in HDL-C for GSD. Conclusions: The present study suggests that metabolic syndrome is related to gallstone disease. Waist circumference and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol are all associated with GSD. Men and women may possibly have different priorities and strategies to reduce the burden of GSD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrothermal reaction of cyano-substituted viologen derivatives and NaN3 with corresponding metal salts in the presence/absence of H2PTA (H2PTA = p-phthalic acid) yielded three azide-based polynuclear coordination polymers: [Co4(N3)4(PTA)3(4-CV)2]n·2nH2O 3D (1), [Co4(N3)4(PTA)3(3-CV)2]n·nH2O 3D (2), and [Cu6(N3)14(4-CV)2]n 2D (3) (3/4-CV+ = 4,4'-bipyridinium-N-methyl-3/4-benzonitrile). The azido bridges are employed to construct two types of polynuclear cluster units: tetranuclear [Co4(μ1,1-N3)4] and hexanuclear [Cu6(μ1,1-N3)6(μ1,1,1-N3)4]. Polymers 1 and 2 are isostructural, and exhibit similar 3D frameworks constructed by unprecedented linear tetranuclear CoII 4 units with a four-connected 65·8 topology. Polymer 3 features a 2D (4,4) topological network built up by hexanuclear CuII 6 segments. The azide anion exhibits diverse coordination modes: μ1,1-N3 in 1 and 2, and μ1,1-, μ1,3-, μ1,1,1- and μ1,1,3-N3 in 3. Variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility data denote that 1 and 2 display a weak antiferromagnetic interaction in CoII 4 units and 3 shows a dominant ferromagnetic exchange in CuII 6 units. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrothermal reaction of ZnCl2, NCCH2CH2COONa and NaN3, in the absence/presence of auxiliary ligand 2,2′-bipy/4,4′-bipy, gave birth to three novel coordination polymers, namely, [Zn(tzp)]n(1), [Zn2(tzp)(N3)(OH)(2,2′-bipy)]n(2) and [Zn2(tzp)2(4,4′-bipy)]n(3) (H2tzp = 1H-tetrazolate-5-propionic acid). The tzp2−ligand was in situgenerated through the [2 + 3] cycloaddition reaction of nitrile and azide, which was first untilized to synthesize coordination compounds. Polymer 1behaves as a three-dimensional (3-D) network built up by the fusion of one-dimensional (1-D) pseudo-channels formed by the linkage of tzp2−ligands and tetrahedral Zn nodes. When the chelating 2,2′-bipy was introduced into the reaction system, a two-dimensional (2-D) puckered network 2was constructed, where 1-D pseudo-channels, similar to those in 1, are bridged by azide ions in an end-on (EO) mode. Employment of the linear bridging 4,4′-bipy ligand as the auxiliary ligand resulted in the formation of an unusual 3-D polymer 3, where the connection of Zn and tzp2−produces a 2-D network, which are further joined by 4,4′-bipy. The tzp2−ligands in 1–3show the flexible conformations and different coordination modes, with the tetrazolate group being the 1,4-Nmode and the carboxylate group being the syn–anti, syn–synand monodentate mode, respectively. The results suggest that the flexible nature of the tzp2−ligand as well as the introduction of auxiliary ligands is responsible for the formations of 1–3. Their photoluminescent properties and thermal stabilities have also been discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two bifunctional 1H-tetrazolate-5-carboxylate ligands with different flexibilities, H2tza (1H-tetrazolate-5-acetic acid) and H2tzf (1H-tetrazolate-5-formic acid), were employed in the construction of zinc(II) complexes in the presence/absence of secondary ligands such as 2,2′-bipy and 4,4′-bipy. Three tza coordination polymers and two tzf dinuclear complexes, namely [Zn(tza)(H2O)]n(1), [Zn3(tza)2Cl2(2,2′-bipy)2(H2O)2]n(2), [Zn2(tza)2(4,4′-bipy)]n(3), [Zn(tzf)(H2O)3]2·2H2O (4) and [Zn(tzf)(2,2′-bipy)(H2O)]2·H2O (5), were hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Polymer 1is a 3-D two-fold interpenetrating diamond-like network with tetranuclear [Zn(COO)]4clusters as tertiary building units (TBUs) and µ3-κN3:κO2:κO1,N1 bridging tza as linkers. Polymer 2presents a 2-D structure formed by the linkage of 1-D Zn-carboxylate [Zn(COO)]nhelical chains and µ3-κN4:κO2:κO1,N1 bridging tza. In 3, 2-D (4,4) nets are built up with dinuclear [Zn(COO)]2clusters and µ3-κN4:κO2:κO1,N1 bridging tza, which are pillared through 4,4′-bipy to gain a 3-D self-penetrating LB-1 (446108) topology. In dinuclear complexes 4and 5, two Zn(II) atoms are bridged by a tzf ligand in a µ2-κN2:κO1,N1 fashion. The results denote that tetrazolate-5-carboxylate ligands can adopt variable coordination modes in the formation of the complexes, and different Zn-carboxylate aggregates can serve as tertiary building units (TBUs). The effects of the nature of tetrazolate-5-carboxylate ligands and secondary ligands, and hydrothermal reaction conditions on the structural topologies of the obtained complexes have been investigated. The photoluminescent properties and thermal stabilities of 1–5have also been discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four new complexes with bifunctional tetrazolate-5-carboxylate ligands of 1H-tetrazole-5-formic acid (H2tzf) and 1H-tetrazole-5-acetic acid (H2tza), namely two dinuclear [M(tzf)(H2O)3]2·2H2O (M = Cu 1, Ni 2) and two mononuclear [Cu(tzf)(2,2′-bipy)2]·5H2O 3 and Cu(tza)(2,2′-bipy)H2O 4, were prepared and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Two different coordination modes of tetrazolate-5-carboxylate ligands exist: a tridentate N,O-chelated-N-bridged mode in 1 and 2, and a bidentate N,O-chelated mode in 3 and 4, which was first observed for the tetrazolate-5-carboxylate complexes. Extensive hydrogen bonds play an important role in the construction of the supramolecular network. Variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility data show the presence of antiferromagnetic interactions in 1 and 2. The thermogravimetric analyses of complexes 1–4 are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The stabilization of the (SnS4)4−anion in the coordination of [Mn(phen)]2+complexes brings about a novel compound {[Mn(phen)]2(SnS4)}n·nH2O (1), in which an unprecedented link mode of the (SnS4)4−anion is observed. Theoretical calculations indicate that TM complexes with big π-conjugated ligands, such as [Mn(phen)]2+, can serve as an excellent electron reservoir to stabilize the (SnS4)4−anion in 1, despite its strong condensation tendency. Magnetic measurements show the presence of strong antiferromagnetic interactions between the Mn2+ions in 1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first eight-coordinated trivalent lanthanide complexes with an achiral ligand 6,7-dicyanodipyridoquinoxaline (dicnq), [DyCl3(dicnq)2]n(1and 1′) were found to exhibit spontaneous chiral resolution, SHG active (two times that of KDP) and blue luminescence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]