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Studies in mice have shown that environmental electromagnetic waves tend to suppress the murine immune system with a potency similar to NSAIDs, yet the nature of any Electrosmog effects upon humans remains controversial. Previously, we reported how the human Vitamin-D receptor (VDR) and its ligand, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin-D (1,25-D), are associated with many chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. We have shown how olmesartan, a drug marketed for mild hypertension, acts as a high-affinity partial agonist for the VDR, and that it seems to reverse disease activity resulting from VDR dysfunction. We here report that structural instability of the activated VDR becomes apparent when observing hydrogen bond behavior with molecular dynamics, revealing that the VDR pathway exhibits a susceptibility to Electrosmog. Further, we note that characteristic modes of instability lie in the microwave frequency range, which is currently populated by cellphone and WiFi communication signals, and that the susceptibility is ligand dependent. A case series of 64 patient-reported outcomes subsequent to use of a silver-threaded cap designed to protect the brain and brain stem from microwave Electrosmog resulted in 90 % reporting 'definite' or 'strong' changes in their disease symptoms. This is much higher than the 3-5 % rate reported for electromagnetic hypersensitivity in a healthy population and suggests that effective control of environmental Electrosmog immunomodulation may soon become necessary for successful therapy of autoimmune disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article argues that a consistent description is possible for gravitationally collapsed bodies, in which collapse stops before the object reaches its gravitational radius, the density reaching a maximum close to the surface and then decreasing towards the centre. The way towards such a description was indicated in the classic Oppenheimer-Snyder (OS) 1939 analysis of a dust star. The title of that article implied support for a black-hole solution, but the present article shows that the final OS density distribution accords with gravastar and other shell models. The parallel Oppenheimer-Volkoff (OV) study of 1939 used the equation of state for a neutron gas, but could consider only stationary solutions of the field equations. Recently we found that the OV equation of state permits solutions with minimal rather than maximal central density, and here we find a similar topology for the OS dust collapsar; a uniform dust-ball which starts with large radius, and correspondingly small density, and collapses to a shell at the gravitational radius with density decreasing monotonically towards the centre. Though no longer considered central in black-hole theory, the OS dust model gave the first exact, time-dependent solution of the field equations. Regarded as a limiting case of OV, it indicates the possibility of neutron stars of unlimited mass with a similar shell topology. Progress in observational astronomy will distinguish this class of collapsars from black holes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)/myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME) has long been associated with the presence of infectious agents, but no single pathogen has been reliably identified in all patients with the disease. Recent studies using metagenomic techniques have demonstrated the presence of thousands of microbes in the human body that were previously undetected and unknown to science. More importantly, such species interact together by sharing genes and genetic function within communities. It follows that searching for a singular pathogen may greatly underestimate the microbial complexity potentially driving a complex disease like CFS/ME. Intracellular microbes alter the expression of human genes in order to facilitate their survival. We have put forth a model describing how multiple species-bacterial, viral, and fungal-can cumulatively dysregulate expression by the VDR nuclear receptor in order to survive and thus drive a disease process. Based on this model, we have developed an immunostimulatory therapy that is showing promise inducing both subjective and objective improvement in patients suffering from CFS/ME. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The contemporary notion of black hole originates in Oppenheimer and Snyder's 1939 article 'On Continued Gravitational Contraction' (Phys. Rev. 56:455, 1939). In particular, Penrose (Phys. Rev. Lett. 14:57, 1965) showed that their metric gave rise to trapped surfaces, that is regions of space from which no light rays can escape, and proved that within such surfaces black-hole formation is inevitable. Section 'No trapped surfaces' of this article shows that a simple modification of the Oppenheimer-Snyder metric, fully consistent with General Relativity, may be made, so that all radial light rays originating in the interior escape to the exterior. There is no trapped surface and no black hole; on the contrary there is a stable end state with finite density, contained within a sphere of Schwarzschild radius. Implications for the interpretation of General Relativity, and also for experimental observation of supermassive objects and the Event Horizon Telescope project, are discussed in the concluding section. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researchers have noted that the incidence of autoimmune diseases, such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis, is markedly higher in women than in men, but to date the reason for this disparity has been unclear. The vitamin D nuclear receptor (VDR) is expressed in the human cycling endometrium. Because the VDR controls expression of the cathelicidin and β-defensin antimicrobial peptides (AmPs), dysregulation of the receptor greatly compromises the innate immune response. Increasing evidence indicates the presence of a chronic, intraphagocytic, metagenomic microbiota in patients with autoimmune disease that may survive by dysregulating the VDR. VDR dysregulation, in turn, prevents the breakdown of the active vitamin D metabolite 1,25-hydroxyvitamin D (1,25-D) by CYP24. In silico data suggest that when 1,25-D rises above its normal range, it binds the α/β thyroid receptors, the glucocorticoid receptor (GCR), and the androgen receptor (AR), displacing their native ligands and causing an array of hormonal imbalances. If T3 is displaced from α-thyroid, thyroiditis may result. Because the VDR, GCR, and AR also express multiple families of AmPs, expression of these natural antibiotics further wanes in response to dysregulation by 1,25-D. The end result is a system-wide drop in AmP expression that may allow pathogens to spread with greater ease. Because women have an extra site of VDR expression in the endometrium, the drop in AmP expression associated with nuclear receptor dysregulation may disproportionately affect them. This would cause women to accumulate higher bacterial loads than their male counterparts, particularly during early pregnancy when 1,25-D levels rise by 40%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the effect of the lifelong supplementation of the food chain with vitamin D on the current epidemics of obesity and chronic disease. It states that the widespread use of vitamin D as a food supplement may be providing short-term benefits to a subset of the population. As a result, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) encourages the addition of vitamin D to milk and cereals and aims of reducing osteoporosis in adults and rickets in children.

It is shown that the Kapitza-Dirac effect with atoms, which has been considered to be evidence for their wavelike character, can be interpreted as a scattering of pointlike objects by the periodic laser field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents letters on medical subjects as of October 15, 2002. Reactions to previous article on the decline of family medicine; Evidence of parallel problems with stroke care and postoperative care for geriatric patients with hip fractures; Interaction of certain drugs and grapefruit; Importance of folic acid fortification; Other issues.

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