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Background: (1) Periodontal disease (PD) is a globally prevalent chronic inflammatory condition, exacerbated by the dysbiosis of the oral microbiota. This study aims to evaluate the bacterial load of specific periodontopathogenic bacteria in patients with malocclusions (MAL) compared to those without. (2) Methods: Conducted at the "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, this pilot study involved two groups: patients with MAL and PD, and patients with PD but without MAL. We included 20 patients: 10 with MAL (9 with crowding and 1 with an open bite) and 10 without MAL. Gingival crevicular fluid was collected for bacterial DNA extraction and quantified bacterial load using real-time PCR, focusing on 12 periodontopathogenic bacteria across different complexity classes. (3) Results: The study identified significantly higher concentrations of Treponema denticola (p = 0.023, median = 4.32, IQR = 2.76–5.53 vs. median = 1.93, IQR = 0–3.19), Tannerella forsythia (p = 0.020, mean = 6.04 ± 0.72 vs. mean = 4.4 ± 1.89) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (p = 0.002, median = 5.64, IQR = 4.94–5.98 vs. median = 2.48, IQR = 0–4.05) in patients with MAL compared to those without. This suggests that MAL contributes to an environment conducive to the proliferation of specific pathogens, potentially accelerating PD progression. Additionally, Eikenella corrodens (p = 0.040, mean = 4.55 ± 1.02 vs. mean = 3.23 ± 1.56), Campylobacter rectus (p < 0.001, mean = 4.2 ± 0.56 vs. mean = 1.8 ± 1.51), Prevotella intermedia (p = 0.043, median = 5.04, IQR = 0–5.49 vs. median = 0, IQR = 0–3.39), Capnocytophaga sputigena (p = 0.011, median = 5.91, IQR = 5.47–6.17 vs. median = 4.63, IQR = 3.83–5.64), and Capnocytophaga gingivalis (p = 0.007, median = 5.87, IQR = 5.34–6.03 vs. median = 4.4, IQR = 3.5–5.71) also showed elevated concentrations, indicating the broad impacts of MAL on oral microbial profiles. (4) Conclusions: The findings demonstrate a significant relationship between MAL and increased bacterial loads, underscoring the need for its integration in managing PD. Future research should expand demographic diversity and employ longitudinal designs to better understand the causative mechanisms at play. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Sella point, located near the center of the Sella Turcica and providing cover for the pituitary gland in the skull, is one of the most frequently used cranial cephalometric landmarks for radiograph tracing. The research aimed to quantify the dimensions and delineate the anatomy of the sella turcica across various skeletal shapes. Methods: 180 subjects, aged 9 to 27 years, including 91 men and 89 females, had lateral cephalometric radiographs. These subjects were divided into three skeleton classes: Class I, II, and III, with 60 subjects in each group. Measurements of the length, depth, and anteroposterior diameter were made, and the shape was examined using linear dimensions. The difference in linear dimensions was determined using a student t-test, and the link between sella turcica size and skeletal types was examined using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). When comparing the age groups, the older group's linear dimensions were bigger than the younger group's (p < 0.01). Male and female length differences were found to be significantly different (p <0.05). The length and diameter of the skeletons differed significantly from the sella size when compared. Sixty-one percent of the individuals had normal-appearing sella turcica. Further research addressing the sella turcica in the South Indian population can use the current study's linear dimensions and form as reference standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Purpose: To analyse the relationship between the different habits that occur in childhood and the different malocclusions in the three planes of space. Material and methods: A clinical examination of 106 children between 5 and 12 years of age was carried out and a survey validated by professors of the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of Seville was made for the parents in order to identify the habits and relate them to the possible malocclusions detected in the child's mouth. Results: 72.64% of the sample presented a malocclusion in at least one of the three planes of space, with a similar distribution. When correlating the variables, statistically significant relationships were observed in the vertical plane with atypical swallowing (p = 0 < 0.05; V > 0.3) and lip sucking (p = 0 < 0.05; V > 0.3) and in the horizontal plane with oral breathing (p = 0 < 0.05; V > 0.3), atypical swallowing (p = 0 < 0.05; V < 0.3) and digital sucking (p = 0 < 0.05; V < 0.3). Conclusions: It has been observed that the prevalence and prolongation of habits in childhood is increasing, so it is essential to detect pernicious habits at an early age to prevent the establishment of malocclusions and to favour the correct craniofacial growth of the child. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Sociales (13159518) is the property of Revista de Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad del Zulia Venezuela and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: This systematic review aims to analyze the spontaneous dentoalveolar changes in the mandibular arch after maxillary expansion in growing patients obtained with different expansion protocols: Rapid Maxillary Expansion (RME), Slow Maxillary Expansion (SME), and Leaf Expander. Methods: The study adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Eligibility criteria were established in the PICO format, involving patients who underwent slow, rapid, or leaf maxillary expansion during the mixed or early permanent dentitions. A comprehensive search of electronic databases and manual searches was conducted up to December 2023. The outcome measures included inter-mandibular first permanent molar width, inter-deciduous molar and canine width, arch perimeter, and arch length; both short- and long-term results were considered. The articles that met the inclusion criteria were included in this systematic review and were qualitatively evaluated using a methodological quality scoring system with a 13-point scale. To assess the inter-examiner agreement concerning the article selection and the qualitative assessment of the included studies, Kappa statistics were computed. Results: A total of 1184 articles were identified through electronic and manual searches. After the removal of duplicates and the initial examination of the titles and abstracts, 57 articles were considered for the full text analysis, and according to the eligibility and exclusion criteria, 22 studies were finally selected, composed of 8 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 14 retrospective/case-control studies. The qualitative assessment of the included studies showed the following scores: 6 papers have high research quality, 5 have moderate quality, and 11 have low quality. SME demonstrated negligible mandibular changes, with less than 1 mm variation on average (range 0.46–2.00 mm) in the selected parameters and relapses observed in the long term. RME induced more significant increases, particularly in intermolar width greater than 1 mm, which ranged between 0.93 and 3.3 mm, and good stability over the long term. Leaf Expander exhibited promising short-term lower intermolar width increases greater than 1 mm and ranged from 0.5 to 1.69 mm, but long-term stability was not thoroughly evaluated. Conclusions: SME results in negligible short- and long-term effects, while RME, especially with Haas-type appliances, exhibits significant intermolar width increases that remain stable over the years. Leaf Expander shows short-term lower intermolar width increases, requiring further investigation into long-term stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Body biomechanics and dental occlusion are related, but this interaction is not fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between body posture and occlusion in patients with and without dental pathology. A cross-sectional study was carried out with 29 patients divided into a control group and a group with pathology (malocclusions). Body posture was evaluated by dynamic baropodometry, analyzing parameters such as the line of gait and the anteroposterior and lateral position of the center of pressure (CoP). Occlusion was classified radiographically according to the sagittal skeletal relationship. Results showed significant differences in mean position phase line between groups (p = 0.01–0.02), with means of 115.85 ± 16.98 mm vs. 95.74 ± 24.47 mm (left side) and 109.03 ± 18.03 mm vs. 91.23 ± 20.80 mm (right side) for controls and pathologies, respectively. The effect size was large (Cohen’s d 0.97 and 0.92). There were no differences in the anteroposterior (p = 0.38) or lateral (p = 0.78) position of the CoP. In gait analysis, significant differences were observed in left (548.89 ± 127.50 N vs. 360.15 ± 125.78 N, p < 0.001) and right (535.71 ± 131.57 N vs. 342.70 ± 108.40 N, p < 0.001) maximum heel strength between groups. The results suggest an association between body posture and occlusion, although further studies are needed to confirm this relationship. An integrated postural and occlusal approach could optimize the diagnosis and treatment of dental patients [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Various clinical studies performed in adults have shown the relationship between craniofacial morphology and masticatory muscle function. However, the growth of the masticatory muscle has not received such attention, when compared with the volume of studies on the skeletal growth of face. With this background and considering the widespread use of ultrasonography (USG), the following study was undertaken to provide some insights into the relationship between muscle and bone and facial morphology. Methods: This was a prospective, observational study conducted over a period of three years from 2012 to 2015 to assess the correlation between the thickness of the masseter muscle in Angle's normal occlusion and the various malocclusions of the dental arch as well as the facial form. Patients with a full complement set of teeth, normal tooth morphology, Angle's normal occlusion, Angle's class I-III malocclusion, those with a history of third molar extraction, and impaction were included in the study. Those with a history of any prior orthodontic treatment, restorations, or any missing teeth (except the third molar) were exempted from the study. The greater thickness of masseter muscle in relaxed and clenched state was recorded on USG. Facial morphology was determined with the aid of facial photographs. Results: The study was conducted on 140 patients. The class I normal occlusion group had the thickest masseter muscle, while the class III malocclusion group had the thinnest masseter muscle. Facial parameters showed highly significant gender-wise differences in class I normal occlusion, class I malocclusion, and class II division II malocclusion. There was a significant negative co-relation between the thickness of masseter muscle and facial forms in all the categories of Angle's classification as indicated by a negative regression coefficient B (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The masseter muscle thickness correlated directly with male gender and normal occlusion, and inversely with the degree of malocclusion and facial form. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Neutrosophic Computing & Machine Learning is the property of Multimedia Larga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Opuntia Brava is the property of Universidad de Ciencias Pedagogicas de Las Tunas, Centro de Documentacion e Informacion Pedagogica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: This retrospective study aimed to determine skeletal and dental changes after a growth spurt and shortly after treatment using a facemask in skeletal Class III malocclusion with maxillary deficiency. Methods: We retrospectively studied 50 patients (25 patients per group) with skeletal Class III malocclusion who underwent facemask treatment with tooth-anchored (T-A, mean age 7.92) and miniscrew-anchored (M-A, mean age 9.84) intraoral appliances. In both groups, the facemask applied a traction force of 350–400 g to each side, such that the traction was directed 30° forward and downward. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were obtained from all patients before (T1), immediately after (T2), and at an average of 37.11 months after maxillary protraction (T3). A total of 13 cephalometric measurements were analyzed to determine the skeletal and dental changes. A paired t-test was used to verify the effects before, after, and during follow-up periods in each group. Results: An anteroposterior relationship, the values of SNA and ANB, evident in both groups at T2, was significantly improved in the M-A group (p < 0.05). However, the values of ANB and MP–SN, which indicate the relapse of anteroposterior and vertical relation of maxilla and mandible, were significantly higher in the T-A group compared with the M-A group during follow-up period. The maxillary first molars were significantly more extruded and maxillary incisors were more protruded in the T-A group than the M-A group, and this persisted at T3 (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Miniscrew-anchored maxillary protraction increased the skeletal improvement of anteroposterior relationship and reduced the dental and skeletal relapses compared with tooth-anchored maxillary protraction in growing patients with a hyperdivergent patterns and skeletal Class III malocclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: A higher prevalence of dental malocclusion has been suggested among individuals with Down Syndrome (DS) compared to controls, although no studies to date have investigated such a difference according to age group. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of dental malocclusion and other orthodontic measures between DS and non-syndromic (non-DS) individuals across three age groups of children, adolescents, and adults. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on a total of 147 patients. Of those, 72 were diagnosed with DS and were divided into N = 15 children (<10 years), N = 23 adolescents (10–18 years) and N = 34 adults (>18 years). The remaining 75 patients were sex- and age-matched controls. The two groups were compared according to age group in terms of the prevalence of dental malocclusion, measures of sagittal, vertical, and transverse discrepancy, facial profile, and probable sleep bruxism with chi-square tests for proportion. Results: The DS patients consistently exhibited a higher prevalence of Class 3 malocclusion, concave profile and anterior crossbite compared to the non-DS patients, regardless of age group. The non-DS adolescents presented with a significantly higher prevalence of convex profile than the DS adolescents. The adolescent and adult DS patients most commonly presented with a maxillary transverse discrepancy and posterior crossbite compared to the non-DS controls. The DS adults had a higher prevalence of probable sleep bruxism. Conclusions: Patients with DS showed a higher prevalence of Class 3 malocclusion, concave profile and anterior crossbite compared to non-DS controls, regardless of age group. Other orthodontic measures showed a fluctuation according to the age group considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This review aimed to analyze the relapse in orthognathic surgery. Methods: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were used to find papers that matched our topic dating from 1 January 2012 up to November 2022. Inclusion criteria were (1) human studies, (2) open access studies, (3) studies concerning the correlation between orthognathic surgery and relapse. Exclusion criteria were: (1) in vitro or animal studies, (2) off-topic studies, (3) reviews, (4) other languages than English. Results: A total of 482 results were obtained resulting in 323 publications after duplicate removal (158). After screening and eligibility phases 247 records were excluded: 47 reviews, 5 in animals, 35 in vitro, 180 off-topic. The authors successfully retrieved the remaining 78 papers and evaluated their eligibility. A total of 14 studies from these were ultimately included in the review. Conclusion: Using cephalometric examinations and digital study models, these studies reveal that the relapse after orthognathic surgery is an event that occurs in most of the cases. The limitation of our research is that most of the studies are retrospective and use small sample sizes. A future research goal should be to conduct long-term clinical trials with larger numbers of samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The purpose was to conduct a comprehensive study of malocclusions and oral dysfunctions on 11‐year‐old children and to study the risk factors associated with malocclusions. Material and Methods: A cross‐sectional descriptive epidemiological survey was conducted among 359 children in France. A clinical examination was conducted, and orthodontic and oral functional data were collected. In addition, the need for orthodontic treatment was evaluated using the criteria defined by of the French National Authority for Health (HAS). Finally, a univariate and multivariate analysis was performed to assess the risks associated with malocclusions. Results: Most children (88%) exhibited a malocclusion, regardless of gender (p =.912). The examination of oral functions identified a large number of swallowing (87%) and respiration (42.7%) disorders. The presence of malocclusion was statistically linked to the low position of the tongue at rest (p <.001), abnormal swallowing (p =.03), and improper mouth breathing (p =.001). After a multivariate analysis, the type of respiration (odds ratio [OR] = 3.2 [1.4–7.3]) and the position of tongue at rest (OR = 3.43 [1.7–7.1]) were the two most prominent factors in the prediction of emerging malocclusion. Conclusion: This epidemiological survey reveals a high prevalence of dental malocclusions and functional disorders. Oral respiration and the low position of the tongue at rest are the most important factors in the prediction of a malocclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Romanian Journal of Veterinary Medicine & Pharmacology is the property of Innovation in Health Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Odontológica Colombiana is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aim: To identify the available evidence on the effects that breastfeeding and/or bottle-feeding may have on the presence of early childhood caries (ECC) and malocclusion in children with deciduous dentition. Materials and Methods: A systematic search was carried out in different databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Lilacs, and Epistemonikos, up to January 6, 2022. Studies were independently selected by two reviewers according to title, abstract, and full-text analysis. Disagreements were solved by a third reviewer. Results: A total of 1343 studies were found from the initial search, of which 42 studies were included in this study. Results are controversial, 14 studies concluded that prolonged breastfeeding and bottle-feeding at night increase the risk of caries, 7 studies mentioned that breastfeeding could be a protective factor for dental caries development in children under 6 years, 20 studies concluded that children who were breastfed for less than 6 months have a higher risk of developing malocclusions compared with children who were breastfed for a longer time and children who were bottle-fed compared with children who were breastfed had a higher prevalence of malocclusions, mainly anterior open-bite. Four studies found no significant association between breastfeeding and/or bottle-feeding with the development of dental caries and malocclusion. Conclusion: Most included studies concluded that the presence of ECC may be associated with bottle-feeding and prolonged breastfeeding, but reasons still need further development. Regarding malocclusions, most studies concluded that prolonged breastfeeding could be a protective factor for its development, whereas a high frequency and duration of bottle consumption could lead to deformations in the maxillary bone, mainly anterior open-bite. However, results are still controversial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of European Oral Research is the property of Istanbul University, Faculty of Dentistry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Asthma is a public health problem that has been widely described, but little has been reported about its effects on dental occlusions. The aim of this study was to compare the alterations of normal occlusions in asthmatic children and those without the disease. The study included 186 patients between 5 and 12 years old, divided into two groups. The first group included patients with a previous diagnosis of asthma given by a specialist, which was confirmed by using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire. The second group included patients without the disease. All patients underwent a clinical examination to determine the presence of occlusion alterations in the sagittal, transverse, and vertical planes. Subsequently, chi-squared tests were performed to compare the variables between the groups. A significant association was found between asthma and the variables studied here: alterations in the sagittal plane (chi2 = 7.839, p = 0.005), alterations in the vertical plane (chi2 = 13.563, p < 0.001), alterations in the transverse plane (Fisher's F p < 0.001), and oral habits (chi2 = 55.811, p < 0.001). The results suggest that asthmatic patients are more likely to develop malocclusions, especially anterior open bite and posterior crossbite. These conditions are typically related to mouth breathing, which is common in asthmatic patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate the relationship between dental malocclusion and speech to understand the etiology of speech sound disorders (SSD) in schoolchildren and to make a correct diagnosis and treatment plan. Articulation and dental occlusion, oromyofunctional evaluation with orofacial praxis and musculature, resting tongue position, and swallowing pattern were analyzed in 290 schoolchildren between the ages of 4 and 7 years. Statistical tests were considered significant for P <.05. A significant association between dental malocclusions (Angle Class II and III, anterior open bite, edge-to-edge bite, overjet and anterior crossbite) and phonetic alterations (P =.008) was observed. Sigmatisms and rhotacisms were the most frequent disorders. Malocclusions also showed a significant association with oral habits and with orofacial praxis and muscle activity. The presence of malocclusion can cause imbalances in the functions involved in the stomatognathic system. Awareness of this relationship in young children would help professionals to implement preventive measures for the optimum development of children's oral health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Posture of human body corresponds to a certain stable relationship between head, torso and limbs, where a minimal amount of energy is needed for its support. Although clinicians in the field have studied the connection between the muscle chains, maintaining balance of the body, and the musculature in the maxillofacial area (cervical, masticatory), more can be studied and proven in the area. If there is a change of the center of gravity of the body, it is certain that a negative change of posture has been diagnosed. Postural disorders are increasingly common nowadays. The prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders is increasing as well, along with temporomandibular disorders (TMD), vertigo, dizziness, tinnitus, memory loss and others. The present study aims to demonstrate the need for complex examination of patients with symptoms from the audiovestibular system, stomatognathic and other anatomical systems in the head and neck area. In the present study, 40 (20 male and 20 female) patients who have passed through the Audio-vestibular and Sleep laboratory of the University Medical and Dental Center at the Faculty of Dental Medicine of Medical University – Varna in the period February – June 2022 were included. All of them were invited to fill out an informed consent form. They were also given questionnaires to describe the symptoms, concerning audio-vestibular and stomatognathic systems. Thorough examinations were performed by an ENT-specialist and a physician in dental medicine. All patients were examined on a dynamic stabilometric platform, under different modalities – with eyes open/closed, teeth clenched/relaxed, head tilted left and right, for fixed amount of time – 20 sec. Posturographic platform is not a source of ionizing radiation. Patients who reported pain and noise from the temporomandibular joints, when examined with the posturography platform, shifted the center of gravity of the body more often backwards and to the right side (especially if the TMD was bilateral). In patients who also had vestibular symptoms (dizziness, vertigo), with or without a disorder in the mandibular joints, the center of gravity of the body was more often shifted back and to the right as well. Most of the patients with the described displacement also had an orthodontic deformity. Based on intraoral dental examination, cephalograms, and analysis, patients with Angle class 2 (distal bite), crossbite in the lateral area, laterognathia were diagnozed, the first being the most common in patients with a shift in the center of gravity. In all studied patients, an increase in the length of the stabilogram curve above the reference values of 150 mm was found. A change in the feet - flat feet - was found in half of the patients, included in the study. Postural problems can worsen existing symptoms from other systems with a disorder. Establishing the direction of the displacement helps to establish the genesis of the disorder and directs the appropriate therapy, according to the specific clinical case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lip grooves are unchangeable, permanent and unique to one person and they play a huge role as a marker of sagital jaw relation and gender differentiation. Identification of people is often very difficult, challenging and time-consuming process. The most used techniques in identification processes are DNA comparison, fingerprints and odontometrics measurements. However DNA is very expensive and cannot be used for everyone. Hence fingerprints sometimes in burns also cannot be conducted because of severe decomposition. Sometimes is necessary to apply different and less known techniques. Lip grooves are nonusual, simple, reliable, cost – effective, noninvasive techniques that can be used successfully in human identification. This article reviews different conclusions of authors who researched about these topics. The aim of the study is to establish identity of population of South-East Kosovo, selected among schools of this region, 14 to18 year old, divided equally between girls and boys, using Cheiloscopy. Material and methods: The study involves 17 adolescents of South-East of Kosovo selected among schools of this region, 14- to 18-year-old. All participants are well informed for the purpose of the study and signed an informed consent prepared before the examination. Lip prints are recorded using red lip stick. Materials that are being used are: White paper A4 size white paper, Cellophane tape (10 cm long), Graphite pencil (AIHAO 0.7 mm), Dark red color lipstick, nonglossy (pretty by flormar), Magnifying lens, Scissors. The lipstick is applied with cotton wools gently into the lips and spread over, evenly in upper and lower lip. The lip prints are taken with cellophane tape in the relaxed position of lips. Then the lip prints are immediately stocked on to a piece of white bond paper for further analyses, by using magnifying lens. Also, the thickness and length of the lips will be measured separately for the upper lip and for the lower lip with standard Vernier caliper (0-150 mm) Results: The predominant lip pattern in both genders is Type II lip pattern followed by type I. The most predominant lip pattern among males is type I and II, and Type II & IV lip pattern among females. Conclusion: Cheiloscopy reveals strong association with sagital skeletal jaw relation, thus predicting malocclusions that could be managed early with preventive and interceptive orthodontics. Cheiloscopy also has the role in identification of people in forensic medicine, because identification of human bodies sometimes is very challenging task. When DNA and fingerprints in several circumstances could not be done, lip prints could be considered as an alternative source for identification, because of their highly unique structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The interaction between skeletal class and upper airway has been extensively studied. Nevertheless, this relationship has not been clearly elucidated, with the heterogeneity of results suggesting the existence of different patterns for patients' classification, which has been elusive so far, probably due to oversimplified approaches. Hence, a network analysis was applied to test whether different patterns in patients' grouping exist. Settings and sample population: Ninety young adult patients with no obvious signs of respiratory diseases and no previous adeno‐tonsillectomy procedures, with thirty patients characterized as Class I (0 < ANB < 4); 30 Class II (ANB > 4); and 30 as Class III (ANB < 0). Materials and methods: A community detection approach was applied on a graph obtained from a previously analysed sample: thirty‐two measurements (nineteen cephalometric and thirteen upper airways data) were considered. Results: An airway‐orthodontic complex network has been obtained by cross‐correlating patients. Before entering the correlation, data were controlled for age and gender using linear regression and standardized. By including or not the upper airway measurements as independent variables, two different community structures were obtained. Each contained five modules, though with different patients' assignments. Conclusion: The community detection algorithm found the existence of more than the three classical skeletal classifications. These results support the development of alternative tools to classify subjects according to their craniofacial morphology. This approach could offer a powerful tool for implementing novel strategies for clinical and research in orthodontics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Dental malocclusions are considered a major issue in adolescence, and are often the main reason for which patients go to the dentist. Adolescents′ option to start an orthodontic treatment is questioned in the light of the restrictions imposed in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to assess adolescents' perceptions of facial aesthetics and the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the decision to start an orthodontic treatment during this time, when a number of restrictions, such as face mask wearing, were imposed. Material and methods: A 15 items questionnaire was applied in the city of Oradea, Romania and distributed to orthodontic adolescent patients, with a previously diagnosed malocclusion, with ages between 12 and 17.9 years. The questionnaires were correctly filled in by 76 participants. Results: Patients tend to be affected by the aspect of their teeth (50%), and most patients considered that the aspect of their teeth forces them to socialize less (44.8%), and to avoid smiling (44.8%). 39.4% of the respondents considered that wearing a face mask is useful because it covers all dental malocclusions, and 31.6% of the respondents were not bothered that they had to wear a face mask. Conclusions: Patients declared that they were affected by the aspect of their teeth, and have a generally positive attitude regarding face masks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The interaction between skeletal class and upper airway has been extensively studied. Nevertheless, this relationship has not been clearly elucidated, with the heterogeneity of results suggesting the existence of different patterns for patients' classification, which has been elusive so far, probably due to oversimplified approaches. Hence, a network analysis was applied to test whether different patterns in patients' grouping exist. Settings and sample population: Ninety young adult patients with no obvious signs of respiratory diseases and no previous adeno‐tonsillectomy procedures, with thirty patients characterized as Class I (0 < ANB < 4); 30 Class II (ANB > 4); and 30 as Class III (ANB < 0). Materials and methods: A community detection approach was applied on a graph obtained from a previously analysed sample: thirty‐two measurements (nineteen cephalometric and thirteen upper airways data) were considered. Results: An airway‐orthodontic complex network has been obtained by cross‐correlating patients. Before entering the correlation, data were controlled for age and gender using linear regression and standardized. By including or not the upper airway measurements as independent variables, two different community structures were obtained. Each contained five modules, though with different patients' assignments. Conclusion: The community detection algorithm found the existence of more than the three classical skeletal classifications. These results support the development of alternative tools to classify subjects according to their craniofacial morphology. This approach could offer a powerful tool for implementing novel strategies for clinical and research in orthodontics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oral health related to quality of life (QL) is one of the issues that have recently been highlighted in epidemiological studies. Today, the level of demand of the patients has increased in terms of the desire to improve aesthetics and psychological well-being. It is noteworthy that the human face and smile are fundamental elements of expression, identity and analysis of physical attraction and emotions. Therefore, malocclusion can adversely affect social interaction and psychological well-being. The aim of this study was to comparatively verify the influence of orthodontics on the perception of adults and adolescents in relation to occlusal and esthetic alterations, pain thresholds, social impacts and perception of quality of life. Three hundred eighty-eight (388) individuals of both genders, aged between 9 and 55 years, attending the Postgraduate Clinic in Orthodontics, Dentistry College, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (SP), were invited to participate in the research. All patients were using fixed orthodontic appliances, in up to five different phases of treatment. One hundred and fifty patients answered the questionnaire and the experiment was divided into two age groups: adolescents and adults. Theselected questionnaires, validated in Portuguese, to measure the influence of orthodontic treatment on Quality of Live (QoL), were the PIDAQ and the OHIP-14. To compare the Adult and Adolescent groups in terms of treatment times (T1 - T5), a non-parametric Mann-Whitney test was performed (comparisons 2 to 2), with an overall significance level of 5%.Regarding adults, there were more negative impacts than in adolescents, showing greater variations. Higher growth was demonstrated in relation to QoLand self-confidence in adults at the beginning of the treatment, highlighting the aesthetic concern. It can be concluded that the fixed orthodontic appliance greatly influences the lives of individuals, particularly adults, especially in social aspects, aesthetics and quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Variability in the size and shape of mandibular condyles among individuals of different sexes and ages may appear as a remodeling process to accommodate malocclusion. Hence, the aim of this study was to assess whether or not associations exist between different types of malocclusions and morphological modifications of the mandibular condyle. Materials and Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted on the Medline database via PubMed interface and supplemented by a manual search via Google Scholar to identify more articles reporting the subject of the review. A combination of controlled vocabulary was used in the search strategy and the final update was stopped on January 2021. The risk of bias was assessed based on the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Results and Discussion: Considering the preestablished inclusion and exclusion criteria, 20 articles were retained with 2607 human subjects (967 males/1299 females and 341 not specified, age: 4–60 years). Eighty percent of the selected articles reported associations between malocclusion and morphological changes of the condylar head. Sagittal plane malocclusions produce more changes to the temporomandibular joint components (head of condyle and joint space) (71.93%), while vertical malocclusions lead to the most severe manifestations. Conclusions: Cone-beam computed tomography is the most useful tool for the assessment of osseous morphology of mandibular head condyles and detection of cortical erosion (21.7%). Associations between morphological changes of the condylar head and specific types of malocclusions were proven. However, there is still a need for more clinical studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To assess the prevalence of malocclusion in schoolgirls at a private high school and whether it has increased or not over 40 years by comparison with previous surveys on early and middle adolescence in Japan. Materials and Methods: Conventional dental examination including evaluation of occlusion was performed in 2,378 schoolgirls who were enrolled in the seventh and the tenth grade between the years 2004 and 2006. The presence of maxillary protrusion, anterior crossbite, edge-to-edge incisor relationship, open bite, deep bite and crowding of teeth was recorded by visual inspection. The prevalences of various types of malocclusion were compared between the two grade groups and with data from the previous surveys. Results: The proportions of malocclusions in the tenth grade (55.7%) and seventh grade (55.3%) were found to be similar. The prevalences of maxillary protrusion, anterior crossbite, edge-to-edge incisor relationship, open bite, deep bite and tooth crowding in the seventh grade students were 9.4%, 0.6%, 4.1%, 0.6%, 8.4% and 19.1%, respectively. The corresponding values in tenth grade students were almost the same except for deep bite, which was significantly lower than that in the seventh grade. Comparison with previous surveys indicated that the proportions of malocclusions taken as a whole had not changed over 40 years, whereas anterior crossbite, edge-to-edge incisor relationship, open bite and tooth crowding had decreased significantly within the last 20 years. Conclusion: Significant changes in the proportions of malocclusions as a whole in adolescents were not found over the last four decades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between untreated malocclusions and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQOL) in male adolescents of Mashad (Iran) high schools. Materials and Methods: In this observational cross-sectional descriptive study, 120 male students were randomly selected among Mashad (Iran) high schools. These students filled out an oral health-related quality of life questionnaire (the modified version of CPQ), and then they were clinically examined to determine their malocclusions according to the Index of Complexity, Outcome and Need (ICON), and finally the relationship between these two variables was assessed with the Pearson correlation test. Results: There was a statistically significant relationship between ICON scores and the quality of life levels (P < 0.01). The assessment of four sections of the questionnaire showed that among these four sections (oral symptoms, functional limitations, emotional well-being, social well-being), only oral symptoms were significantly correlated with the ICON score (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Malocclusion plays an important role in the oral health-related quality of life. However, the relationship between emotional well-being, social well-being and malocclusions was not as strong as in previous studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the prevalence and the impact of malocclusions on the quality of life of 18-year-old young male adults.Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study involving young adults who applied for military service in the city of Florianópolis in the year 2003 (N = 3735). The sample size was 414 individuals randomly selected during the health examination days. The malocclusion data were obtained through the Dental Aesthetic Index variables. The impact of the oral health conditions on the quality of life was obtained through the Oral Impact on Daily Performance.Results: The highest prevalence was the molar relationship in mesio- or disto-occlusion with 57.3% (95% CI 52.5 - 62.1); 36.4% (95% CI 28.6% - 4.2%) of the applicants reported an impact on their quality of life as a result of the oral health condition. Results from the multiple logistic regression analysis showed that only the incisal crowding [OR 1.9 (95% CI 1.2 - 3.1)] (p = 0.008) showed an impact on the applicants' quality of life.Conclusion: The malocclusion of highest prevalence was molar relationship disorders (57.3%), and only the dental crowding generated an impact on the quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Dental arch is a dynamic structure and its size depends on genetic and environmental factors. The aim of this study was to determine lower arch dimensions in children between 8 and 16 years with anterior open bite (AOB) and normal vertical overbite (NVO). Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in 132 individuals with AOB and 132 with NVO between 8 and 16 years selected from public schools. Intercanine width, arch length, intermolar and interpremolar distances, and arch perimeter of the lower arch were measured in previously digitalized models using the GOM inspection program and an optical three-dimensional scanner. Results: Individuals with NVO presented smaller lower arch size with statistical differences in intercanine (P = 0.024, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.01, 0.02) and intermolar (P = 0.000, 95% CI: −1.76, −0.53) width and nonsignificant differences in the arch perimeter (P = 0.239, 95% CI: −1.57, 0.39) according to Mann-Whitney U-test. Conclusion: Individuals between 8 and 16 years of age with NVO showed smaller lower dental arch than individuals with AOB in most dimensions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The article deals with the current problems of modern orthodontics, aimed at increasing the effectiveness of treatment of sagittal anomalies of bite, which are complicated by speech disorders, patients in the period of bite. The effectiveness of the proposed methods of treatment is investigated, and their complex approach to the correction of this pathology is evaluated. Materials and methods: We were taken on the treatment of 47 children with temporary bite, aged 3 to 5 years old, who experienced dental anomalies in combination with organic dyslallia. Depending on the pathology of bite, patients were divided into subgroups A and B. Subgroup A included children with distal bite, to subgroup B - with mesial. According to the chosen method of orthodontic treatment, patients of experimental groups were additionally divided into 2 subgroups. In 1 subgroup included children, the treatment of which was carried out according to the proposed method, to 2 subgroups - according to the standard. The control group included 11 children with physiological bites of similar age without speech disorders. Results: The effectiveness of proposed schemes of orthodontic and logopedic rehabilitation was proved by clinical, anthropometric and functional indicators, which were determined prior to and at different times after starting treatment. Clinical efficacy of performed orthodontic treatment is established on the term of treatment, normalization of articulation motility, normalization of anthropometric indices, normalization of palatogram characteristics, indexes of functional activity of the tooth-jaw system, normalization of occlusal ratios of dentitions. Conclusion: Using the proposed method of orthodontic treatment (with the use of orthodontic equipment in combination with modified myogymnastics and facial tapping), the dynamics of all the studied parameters correlated with the timing of the pathology elimination and indicated an increased effectiveness of treatment in applying the proposed method, namely: all patients had normalization forms of dental arches, normalized indexes of width and length of the dental arc. Immediately after the end of the treatment, electromyographic indices were normalized and occlusive relationships restored. Similar indicators for those who were treated according to the standard method, although they showed positive dynamics, but differed both from the indicators of persons who were treated according to the proposed method, and from the indicators of the control group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Dental malocclusions in modern populations would be the result of small and weak jaws developing under low masticatory loads. We assess the validity of this by characterising the external and internal morphology of mandibles affected by class II and III malocclusions and comparing them with those from individuals with different masticatory load patterns. Materials and methods: CTs from up to 118 individuals exerting intensive, medium and low masticatory loads with harmonic occlusion, and from class II and III individuals, were used to compare their external shape using geometric morphometrics, as well as their internal amount and distribution of cortical bone. Results: The low-load groups (harmonic, class II and III occlusion) are externally more gracile than the intense and medium load groups. But more relevant in shape variation is a marked allometric pattern, which differentiates class II (small) and III (large) mandibles. Despite gracility, the relative amount of cortical bone in the low-load groups is larger than in the remaining groups. Conclusions: There is no evidence that the modern mandible, including class II and III individuals, is intrinsically small and weak. Instead, there is a rather large degree of morphological variation, which could be linked to a lack of constraints derived from low masticatory loads. Thus, the effect of other factors such as genetics, but also basal metabolism, should be looked in more depth. Clinical relevance: Dental malocclusions are a common disorder whose aetiology has not been unravelled, and several to be considered in the prevention and therapy of malocclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Dental implants are a common and successful option for the rehabilitation of edentulous areas. However, there are some limitations to their use. The present clinical report describes a 5-year follow-up of maxillary rehabilitation using an attachment-retained removable partial denture (RPD) associated with fixed partial denture (FPD) units as an alternative to orthodontic treatment associated with orthognathic surgery and dental implant placement. Rehabilitation with fixed prosthodontics associated with a removable partial prosthesis was proposed. For greater precision and stability, a gold attachment was prepared. The patient was very satisfied with the rehabilitation and has been clinically followed for 5 years. In cases where the use of dental implants and/or conventional FPDs is limited or not indicate the association between an FPD and an RPD by means of attachments remains an important alternative to conventional clasp-retained RPDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Facial flatness indices have been used in anthropology to discern differences among populations. They were evaluated on skulls from around the world. Aims: (1) to evaluate the use of facial flatness indices in orthodontics and (2) to assess their variation among malocclusions, age and sex. Materials and Methods: A total of 322 cone beam computed tomography radiographs were digitized and three facial indices (frontal, simotic and zygomaxillary) along with three transverse distances (fmo1–fmo2, zma1–zma2 and n1–n2) were assessed and compared between different groups. Results: The zygomaxillary index was increased in Class II (32.6 ± 0.42; p < 0.001) and decreased in Class III malocclusions (29.4 ± 0.66; p < 0.001) compared to Class I (31.18 ± 0.3; p < 0.001). The frontal and nasal flatness are not characteristic features of any of the sagittal malocclusions. Facial flatness indices did not differ between males and females and between growing and non-growing patients. Conclusion: The position of subspinale point (A point) forward or backward relative to the zygomaxillary width is a factor of assessment of facial flatness. The zygomaxillary index could be helpful in weighting proportionally the width of the maxilla (expansion) relative to its sagittal position in Class II and Class III malocclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The aim of this study has been to establish the values of soft tissue profile angles in subjects with dentoskeletal Class I, Class II Division 1, Class II Division 2, and Class III pattern, in order to examine the influence of sagittal dentoskeletal relation on the value of angular profile parameters. This comparative cephalometric study included the examination and the analysis by lateral cephalograms to evaluate soft tissue profile angles for 120 adult Caucasian subjects (60 women and 60 men) from the mid Balkan region divided into four groups towards ANB angle and incisors inclination. The following angles were examined: angle of facial convexity, facial convexity angle for the lower face and the angle of total facial convexity. By investigating the influence of the sagittal dentoskeletal pattern on the value of facial convexity angles, significant differences have been established between subjects with Class I and Class II Division 1 and 2 for all examined angles (p<0.001; p=0.011), while the differences between Class I and Class III are only significant for the facial convexity angle and facial convexity angle for the lower face, while the differences in the overall facial convexity angle are not significant (p=0.067). There are significant differences between subjects for all examined angles except the total facial convexity angle between Class I and Class III. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Surgery & Clinical Research is the property of Master Editora and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Universitas Odontológica is the property of Pontificia Universidad Javeriana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of ponticulus posticus (PP) in groups with sagittal skeletal anomalies in a Turkish population using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).Materials and Methods: A total of 181 CBCT images were evaluated according to gender, side and characteristics of PP in the three different sagittal skeletal groups.Results: The average age of the patients was 13.88 ± 2.99 years (ranging 8-18 years). The study population consisted of 104 (57.5%) females and 77 (42.5%) males. PP was detected in 66 (36.5%) patients. Unilateral and bilateral PP was identified in 29 (43.9%) and 37 (56.1%) patients, respectively. The prevalence of PP in the atlas vertebrae was found to be higher in males than in females and this was statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05). PP was most frequently detected in class III patients (25, 13.8%). Statistically significant differences between the different sagittal skeletal groups were observed (p ≤ 0.05).Conclusions: Ponticulus posticus is a common anomaly in Turkish populations and is associated with different sagittal skeletal patterns. The highest frequency of PP was found in angle class III patients. (Folia Morphol 2018; 77, 1: 65-71). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics/Fortschritte der Kieferorthopadie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics/Fortschritte der Kieferorthopadie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Surgery & Clinical Research is the property of Master Editora and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of MEDISAN is the property of Centro Provincial de Informacion en Ciencias Medicas de Santiago de Cuba and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: A limited amount of systematic literature reviews on the association between malocclusions and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQOL) summarize inconclusive results. Therefore, we conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the association of malocclusions with OHRQOL in children. Methods: Relevant studies were identified in Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane, Google Scholar and other databases. All studies with data on malocclusions or orthodontic treatment need and OHRQOL in children were included. Methodological quality of the studies was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Random effects models were used to estimate summary effect measures for the association between malocclusion and OHRQOL in a continuous and a categorical data analysis. Tests for heterogeneity, publication bias and sensitivity of results were performed. Results: In total, 40 cross-sectional studies were included in the meta-analyses. Summary measures of the continuous data show that OHRQOL was significantly lowered in children with malocclusions (standardized mean difference (95 % CI] = 0.29 (0.19-0.38)). The summary odds ratio for having an impact on OHRQOL was 1.74 times higher in children with malocclusion than in children without malocclusions. Heterogeneity among studies was partly explained by malocclusion assessment, age of the children and country of study conduction. Conclusion: Our results provide evidence for a clear inverse association of malocclusion with OHRQOL. We also showed that the strength of the association differed depending on the age of the children and their cultural environment. Clinical relevance: Dentists benefit from understanding the patient differences regarding the impact of malocclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of MEDISAN is the property of Centro Provincial de Informacion en Ciencias Medicas de Santiago de Cuba and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)