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Literary translation often depends on sociocultural and political/ideological conditions in the target context and requires alterations to be acceptable. In the religious and conservative climate of Iran after the Islamic Revolution, the expurgation of literature, including literary translations, has become part of the aim of the authorities in the area of cultural production. Literary translation has undergone drastic changes to comply with the cultural policies of the country. Thus, censorship in the form of intervention has been enacted in literary translation in order to conform to the ideological expectations of society. This study aims to examine areas that have been affected by translational censorship in literary translation and identify strategies applied by translators to comply with the censorial policies in contemporary times. Translatorial intervention was scrutinized in seven American novels translated into Persian. Given the drastic cultural and ideological distance between Iran and the West, a comparison of the translation of American novels in the Persian context showed that intervention occurred at three levels--vocabulary, structure, and grammar--to conform the text to the ideological, cultural, and political structures of the target context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Purpose: Second language (L2) learners have been observed making generation errors, i.e., derivational morphology, in the prospects of learning another language by translating it into their mother tongue. This research has studied these errors in L2 regarding derivational morphology. Methodology: This study was designed as descriptive research, using a quantitative approach to collect data. The respondents in this research are a total of 100 undergraduates who volunteered to take part, comprising 50 from the second semester, and 50 from the fourth semester who majored in French, and had been chosen using a purposive sampling method. The current study contained an expanded instrument that included each of the four sentences from each of the fourfold or more distractors, comprising 108 items. The affectability of learners to the use of these structures in an unfavourable syntactic situation was tested by crossing derivationally related suffixed shapes with their bases. Data obtained from the 108 item questionnaires was analysed inferentially using ANOVA and t-test. Findings: Results showed that learners were dissatisfied with the presence or absence of postfixes, implying that generation errors are a problem of performance rather than competence. Contributions: The current study discovered a gap between the creation of defined and curved structures, confirming phonetic hypotheses that differentiate these two morphological mechanisms. Moreover, this study suggested that the root structures and inferred frames are vulnerable to the area of an incidental postfix and to the nonattendance of a requisite one. Effects are greater at higher levels, suggesting that syntactic knowledge starts to improve in advanced learners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As purposefully crafted information around a text, paratext is a critical platform for ideological manipulation in translation. Translators' comments as a form of paratext can cause ideological deviations between source and target texts that diminish the ideological context of the source text. On this ground, this study aimed to explore translators' comments and how they can subtly recontextualize the ideology of texts and reframe them in new ideological contexts. Thus, choosing Coleman Barks' translations of Rumi's poetry as a case study. It aimed to probe the congruency of Rumi's ideology with the ideology embedded in the translator's comments on the verses. The study employed critical discourse analysis as its analytical methodology and explored the collected controversial examples of the translator's comments. The findings illustrated a high level of ideological deviation between the source and target texts. Moreover, the findings implied the translator's dominant approach toward a text from an inferior language comparing the superior English language. It has shown that ideological fidelity in translation is not only confined to texts but includes paratexts as well. The present study can be considered significant as it revealed the de-Islamization trend of a Middle Eastern text in the light of the relationship of the unequal languages. The study suggests that paratexts as an empowering platform for translators effectively direct the readers' perception about the source text and its author. This study hopes to make the translator trainees more cautious in their comments on the original authors' voices and ideology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Translation of cultural terms is considered one of the difficulties that translators face in translating the Noble Qur'an. The task of translating cultural terms becomes more complicated and difficult when dealing with such a sensitive text. A variety of procedures are suggested to be used to overcome this problem. This study aims to investigate the translation procedures used by the translators of the Noble Qur'an to translate Culture-Specific-Items (CSIs) from Arabic into English and to identify the most frequent used procedure. This study is a descriptive qualitative one. It falls under the category of product-oriented study that deals with description of translations, comparative description of several translations of the source text and description of larger corpora of translation. The CSIs are collected from Al-Ma'idah Chapter in the Noble Qur'an and its English translation by Abdullah Yusuf Ali (1983). The meanings of the CSIs are taken from The Dictionary of Islamic Words and Expressions by Saleh (2011). The authors analyzed and investigated the translations of these CSIs and identified the procedures used by the translator. The study finds that the translator used 10 translation procedures to translate culture-specific-items. These procedures are functional equivalent, cultural equivalent, modulation, borrowing, definition, generalization, description, footnotes and explicitation. It also finds that the most frequent used procedure by the translator is the definition. Moreover, the less used procedures are the generalization and explicitation. By discussing the procedures used to translate the CSIs in the Noble Qur'an, translators may get helpful information about choosing the suitable procedure in their translations to achieve proper translation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to investigate the application of main translation methods, namely, foreignization and domestication in the process of translating religious terms in children's literature from English into Arabic. This study aims at finding answers for two question. First, is the translation of religious terms and expressions regulated by norms or not? Second, which translation method did translators opt for when translating religious terms in children's literature translated from English into Arabic? The study attempts to identify whether when translating English children's literature into Arabic, translators opt for a specific method or not. A translated version of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, a translated version of Hansel and Gretel, and a translated version of Cinderella were analysed at the level of diction and discourse. The researcher adopted specific theoretical frameworks to classify the selected items. After identifying the selected items according to the mentioned theoretical framework, the translation of each item will be classified according to the two major methods that are the focus of the current study, i.e., domestication and foreignization. The findings of the analysis show that the translated versions are not regulated by specific norms, and the three translators did not opt for a specific method as both foreignization and domestication were found in both versions. However, the analysis shows that domestication is more prevalent in these translated stories. The findings of this study have some implications for translators in general, translators of children's literature, and translation students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to find out the errors that may be resulted when translating lexical collocations due to the translators' tension between naturalness and accuracy when translating literary texts from Arabic into English. The study adopts the analytical descriptive qualitative research design which concludes that the translators may produce three types of errors due to the tension between naturalness and accuracy, which are: natural - inaccurate, unnatural - accurate, and unnatural - inaccurate. The results show that the two translators commit 24 errors due to this tension, and that the errors of having natural- inaccurate translation consist most of the total errors found. The study concludes that translator should pay more attention to the concepts of naturalness and accuracy when dealing with collocations. Otherwise, the translated collocation will be either unnatural and being odd for the target text readers or causing a meaning loss or distortion. The scientific novelty of the present study lies in discussing the problem of tension between naturalness and accuracy when translating lexical signs in the form of collocations. Findings of the study have pedagogical implications for translators in general, translators of literature, translation students, and teachers. Findings of the lexical analysis of collocations also presents an essential resource for researchers of lexical and semantic studies to translate between Arabic and English. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, an attempt is made to revisit the term "collocation" and its classifications in the Noble Quran. It provides a new fairly detailed analysis of the features and classifications of Quranic collocations. Many studies have discussed collocations in Arabic and Quranic collocations; yet this study constitutes a new vision of classifying collocations from semantic and syntactic perspectives. The paper finds out that Quranic collocations have distinctive semantic features that worth to be studied deeply especially when used in other types of text or genre. The found features, flexibility of constituting patterns, restrictedness in all types of texts, the possibility of figurative meaning and the multiplicity of meaning when used in other types of texts, are a part of many other linguistic or semantic features of Quranic collocations. By studying the collocations function in Quran, the study points out that collocations can be classified semantically into acts of worship collocations, divine collocations and rhetorical collocations. Each group of those collocations has its syntactic patterns that should be studied deeply. These remarked findings and recommendations may enhance the understanding of the linguistic features of Quran, enhance the quality of translation of Quran and motivate further researchers to investigate this important area in Arabic and Quran. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, jihadi rhetoric has been employed extensively to ordain a justified violence and to incorporate radical groups' identifications. In this article, the researchers take Reisigl's and Wodak's discourse - historical approach (2001; 2009), van Dijk's ideological square (1998: 267) and Chilton's binary concepts in political discourse (2004: 197-205) to show the significance of the discursive strategies in Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi's and Ayman al-Zawahiri's jihadi rhetoric used to establish their so-called Islamic State. We present two exemplary calls for jihad by al-Zawahiri (2006) and al-Baghdadi (2015) to exemplify their jihadist ideology giving much focus to in-group and out-group representations in their speeches and to their social impacts on Muslim societies over the last ten years. We argue further that such calls are abusive to Islamic religion and are designed in historical, pragmatic and communicative contexts (as mental models) to gain political legitimacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the more stimulating problems presented by a literary text, to an English-Arabic translator, concerns culture-bound terms (CBTs) and proper names (PNs). This paper examines the domestication and foreignisation strategies applied to the CBTs and PNs in two English-Arabic translations of Marlowe's play, Doctor Faustus. Murad (1992) and Luluah's (2013) texts represent two prominent Arabic translations of the play, and were selected as part of the research corpus along with the original (English) version of Doctor Faustus. The study grounds itself in Venuti's (1995) theory of domestication and foreignisation and Newmark (1988) and Coillie's (2006) translation strategies were employed to operationalise the theory. The two translations were examined for CBTs and PNs, and examples of these were extracted and their equivalents in the original version marked. The data were then analysed and content analysis, which included frequency analyses, was conducted. The results reveal that although the translators used various strategies, they both favoured foreignisation, and Murad's translation is more foreignised than Luluah's. Also, certain strategies such as deletion (complete omission) were not utilised at all. The researchers conclude that although there is evidently a healthy inclination towards domestication, foreignisation is the more pervasive method with regard to Arabic translations of Doctor Faustus. This study is relevant to writers and translators, as well as instructors, students and scholars engaged in translation and literary studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]