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This study elucidated the unique pathological features of tissue healing by magnamosis and revealed the changes in landmark molecule expression levels related to collagen synthesis and tissue hypoxia. Forty-eight male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into the magnamosis and suture anastomosis groups, and gastrojejunal anastomosis surgery was performed. Rats were dissected at 6, 24, and 48 h and 5, 6, 8, 10, and 12 days postoperatively. Hematoxylin, eosin, and Masson's trichrome staining were used to evaluate granulation tissue proliferation and collagen synthesis density at the anastomosis site. Immunohistochemistry was used to measure TGF-β1 and HIF-1α expression levels. Magnamosis significantly shortened the operation time, resulting in weaker postoperative abdominal adhesions (P < 0.0001). Histopathological results showed a significantly lower granulation area in the magnamosis group than in the suture anastomosis group (P = 0.0388), with no significant difference in the density of collagen synthesis (P = 0.3631). Immunohistochemistry results indicated that the magnamosis group had significantly lower proportions of TGF-β1-positive cells at 24 (P = 0.0052) and 48 h (P = 0.0385) postoperatively and HIF-1α-positive cells at 24 (P = 0.0402) and 48 h postoperatively (P = 0.0005). In a rat model of gastrojejunal anastomosis, magnamosis leads to improved tissue healing at the gastrojejunal anastomosis, associated with downregulated expression levels of TGF-β1 and HIF-1α. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Borate crystals have gathered widespread focus due to their rich chemical structures and unique properties. Four centric Ag–borates, Ag7B9O16(OH)2(1), Ag8B8O15Cl2(2), Ag8B8O15(OH)Br (3), and Ag11B8O16I3(4), with diverse B–O anion groups and frameworks have been successfully obtained by the mild hydrothermal methods. (1) and (4) have one-dimensional structures and contain {[B11O24(OH)2]17−}∞ and {[B9O20]13−}∞ anion chains, respectively. (2) is 2D borate chloride with unprecedented [B9O21] (9B: 9 : 3[(3 : Δ + 2□)) fundamental building blocks. (3) is the first hydroxy-silver borate bromide and has novel B8O19(OH)] (8B: 3Δ5□ (2(3 : Δ + 2□) + (3□) + 1 : Δ)) fundamental building blocks. (2) and (3) possess the involuted 2D B–O framework with three types of channels, namely, 12-, 16- and 20-membered-ring (MR) channels. (4) represents the first one-dimensional structure in Ag–borate iodides. Complete experimental characterizations, structural features, optical properties, and theoretical calculation analyses of (1) to (4) are presented in this work. This work provided a reference for the syntheses of new borates with diverse boron–oxygen blocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heart failure (HF) can be caused by a variety of causes characterized by abnormal myocardial systole and diastole. Ca2+ current through the L-type calcium channel (LTCC) on the membrane is the initial trigger signal for a cardiac cycle. Declined systole and diastole in HF are associated with dysfunction of myocardial Ca2+ function. This disorder can be correlated with unbalanced levels of phosphorylation / dephosphorylation of LTCC, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and myofilament. Kinase and phosphatase activity changes along with HF progress, resulting in phased changes in the degree of phosphorylation / dephosphorylation. It is important to realize the phosphorylation / dephosphorylation differences between a normal and a failing heart. This review focuses on phosphorylation / dephosphorylation changes in the progression of HF and summarizes the effects of phosphorylation / dephosphorylation of LTCC, ER function, and myofilament function in normal conditions and HF based on previous experiments and clinical research. Also, we summarize current therapeutic methods based on abnormal phosphorylation / dephosphorylation and clarify potential therapeutic directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we discuss the quantum circuit implementations of the lightweight authenticated encryption algorithm ASCON by using the NOT gates, CNOT gates, Toffoli gates, measurements, and the dynamic quantum circuits. Firstly, the quantum circuit of addition of constants is realized by adding the NOT gates according to the position of 1 in round constants. Secondly, the quantum circuit of S-box of the permutation is synthesized according to the classical circuit diagram of S-box. Then the linear layer functions are expressed in matrix form, and their quantum circuits are synthesized according to Gaussian elimination. Finally, we synthesize the whole quantum circuits according to the general diagrams of the authenticated encryption algorithm ASCON. The correctness of the quantum circuits of the S-box and the linear layer was verified by the Aer simulator of the IBM Quantum platform. As far as we know, this is the first implementation of the quantum circuits for the Authenticated Encryption with Associated Data (AEAD) of ASCON in-place. The maximum quantum resources for the three ASCON authenticated encryption algorithms were estimated. The quantum circuit of ASCON-128 uses a total of 320 qubits, 30,639 NOT gates, 128,814 CNOT gates, 8064 Toffoli gates, 10,752 measurements, and 5376 dynamic quantum circuits. The quantum circuit of ASCON-128a uses a total of 320 qubits, 23,558 NOT gates, 98,144 CNOT gates, 6144 Toffoli gates, 8192 measurements, and 4096 dynamic quantum circuits. The quantum circuit of ASCON-80pq uses a total of 320 qubits, 30,736 NOT gates, 128,814 CNOT gates, 8064 Toffoli gates, 10,752 measurements, and 5376 dynamic quantum circuits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an essential drinking water source and one of the largest eutrophic shallow lakes in China, the management of Lake Taihu requires an adequate understanding of its hydrodynamic characteristics. Studying the hydrodynamic characteristics of Lake Taihu based on field observations is limited owing to its large area and the lack of flow field stability. Previous studies using hydrodynamic models experienced challenges, such as dimensionality and lack of dynamic response analysis between flow field and realistic wind; therefore, the results were still inconclusive. In this study, a 3D model of Lake Taihu, calibrated and validated based on field observations, was used to simulate and compare three scenarios: windless, steady wind, and realistic wind. The hydrodynamic characteristics of Lake Taihu were analyzed as close to the actual conditions as possible. The results showed that wind-driven currents dominated the flow field in Lake Taihu, and the horizontal velocity driven by wind was more than 6 times that without wind. Observing a stable flow field in Lake Taihu was difficult because of the variability of realistic wind. The hydrodynamic characteristics of Lake Taihu were defined as "strongly affected by wind," "higher on the surface and smaller at the bottom," and "difference between the surface and the bottom." Vertical turbulent kinetic energy can be used to characterize the variable flow field of a wind-driven lake and has a positive correlation with wind speed. Therefore, it could be used as a key component to predict water blooms with practical implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In this study, glucose oxidase (GOD) was fixed on ferrimagnetic vortex-domain iron oxide nanorings (FVIOs) using the covalent bond crosslinking method to create FVIOs-GOD compounds. The activity of surface-conjugated enzymes can be effectively and selectively enhanced by utilizing FVIOs to induce magnetothermal effects under the influence of alternating magnetic fields. GOD can further catalyze the oxidation of glucose to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which possesses bactericidal properties. This study presents a comprehensive technique for controlling the activity of enzymes by nano-magnetothermal stimulation, which was utilized in Escherichia coli antibacterial studies. In comparison to the control group, the enzyme activity of the FVIOs-GOD immobilized enzymes rose by 50 % due to the nano-magnetothermal stimulation, and the enzyme activity could be controlled by varying the magnetic field intensity. The antibacterial experiments indicated that the survival rate of Escherichia coli decreased by 55 % after exposure to a magnetic field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AlSiC is an advanced metal ceramic composite material in which active brazed silicon carbide ceramic circuit boards are mainly used for packaging third-generation semiconductor power modules, with high reliability and heat dissipation ability. Five Al/3C-SiC systems were established in this study, and the wetting characteristics of Al droplets from 900 K to 1450 K, including the wetting angle, self-diffusion coefficient, and interfacial energy, were analyzed. Although the embedding of C atoms in the groove systems dispersed the densities of Al droplets to some extent, they intensified the aggregation of atoms near the symmetric centerline of the droplets. At a certain temperature, the activity of the C atom was greater than that of the Si atom, and the probability of binding between the C atom and the Al atom was greater than that between the C atom and the Si atom, which increased the migration of the Al atom, especially on the surface of silicon carbide embedded with atoms. At temperatures ranging from 900 K to 1450 K, Al droplets were all in the wetting stage in a wedge groove system embedded with C atoms, while the other four systems transitioned from hydrophobic to wetting at a certain temperature, indicating that wedge grooves embedded with C atoms could significantly improve the wettability of Al droplets on the surface of 3C-SiC. This research is of great value in promoting the preparation of high-wettability AlSiC composites and their application in the thermal management of electronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aimed to assess the global, regional, and national burden of liver cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases between 1990 and 2019, considering five etiologies (hepatitis B, hepatitis C, alcohol use, NAFLD and other causes), age, gender, and sociodemographic index (SDI). Methods: Data on liver cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases mortality, incidence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were collected from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors (GBD) Study 2019. Results: In 2019, liver cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases accounted for 1,472,011 (95% UI 1,374,608-1,578,731) deaths worldwide, compared to 1,012,975 (948,941-1,073,877) deaths in 1990. Despite an increase in absolute deaths, the age-standardized death rate declined from 24.43 (22.93–25.73) per 100,000 population in 1990 to 18.00 (19.31–16.80) per 100,000 population in 2019. Eastern sub-Saharan Africa exhibited the highest age-standardized death rate (44.15 [38.47–51.91] per 100,000 population), while Australasia had the lowest rate (5.48 [5.05–5.93] deaths per 100,000 population in 2019). The age-standardized incidence rate of liver cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases attributed to hepatitis B virus has declined since 1990, but incidence rates for other etiologies have increased. Age-standardized death and DALYs rates progressively decreased with higher SDI across different GBD regions and countries. Mortality due to liver cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases increased with age in 2019, and the death rate among males was estimated 1.51 times higher than that among females globally. Conclusion: Liver cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases continues to pose a significant global public health challenge. Effective disease control, prevention, and treatment strategies should account for variations in risk factors, age, gender, and regional disparities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) constitutes a group of heterogeneous malignancies within the liver. We sought to subtype ICC based on anatomical origin of tumors, as well as propose modifications of the current classification system. Methods: Patients undergoing curative-intent resection for ICC, hilar cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were identified from three international multi-institutional consortia of databases. Clinicopathological characteristics and survival outcomes were assessed. Results: Among 1264 patients with ICC, 1066 (84.3%) were classified as ICC-peripheral subtype, whereas 198 (15.7%) were categorized as ICC-perihilar subtype. Compared with ICC-peripheral subtype, ICC-perihilar subtype was more often associated with aggressive tumor characteristics, including a higher incidence of nodal metastasis, macro- and microvascular invasion, perineural invasion, as well as worse overall survival (OS) (median: ICC-perihilar 19.8 vs. ICC-peripheral 37.1 months; p < 0.001) and disease-free survival (DFS) (median: ICC-perihilar 12.8 vs. ICC-peripheral 15.2 months; p = 0.019). ICC-perihilar subtype and hilar CCA had comparable OS (19.8 vs. 21.4 months; p = 0.581) and DFS (12.8 vs. 16.8 months; p = 0.140). ICC-peripheral subtype tumors were associated with more advanced tumor features, as well as worse survival outcomes versus HCC (OS, median: ICC-peripheral 37.1 vs. HCC 74.3 months; p < 0.001; DFS, median: ICC-peripheral 15.2 vs. HCC 45.5 months; p < 0.001). Conclusions: ICC should be classified as ICC-perihilar and ICC-peripheral subtype based on distinct clinicopathological features and survival outcomes. ICC-perihilar subtype behaved more like carcinoma of the bile duct (i.e., hilar CCA), whereas ICC-peripheral subtype had features and a prognosis more akin to a primary liver malignancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study how non‐state shareholder governance affects the performance of corporate environmental, social and governance (hereinafter ESG). We select all A‐shares state‐owned listed companies on the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges from 2011 to 2020 as the research sample. We find that non‐state shareholder governance can improve the ESG ratings by improving green innovation and information transparency. Further analysis shows that non‐state shareholder governance has a significant impact on the ESG ratings of polluting industries, high degree of marketization area, and high competitive industries; the enthusiasm of non‐state shareholders to participate in shareholders' meeting has a great impact on the ESG ratings. This research enriches the influence of non‐state shareholder governance and provides channels for state‐owned enterprises to improve ESG ratings. In addition, this article has important practical significance for state‐owned enterprises to deepen reform and strengthen environmental governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: To investigate the impact of prognostic nutritional index (PNI) on short- and long-term outcomes of patients who underwent curative-intent resection for gastro-entero-pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs). Methods: Patients with GET-NETs who underwent curative-intent resection were identified from a multi-center database. The prognostic impact of clinicopathological factors including PNI on post-operative outcomes were evaluated. A novel nomogram was developed and externally validated. Results: A total of 2,099 patients with GEP-NETs were included in the training cohort; 255 patients were in the external validation cohort. Median PNI (n = 973) was 47.4 (IQR 43.1–52.4). At the time of presentation, 1,299 (61.9%) patients presented with some type of clinical symptom. Low-PNI (≤42.2) was associated with gastrointestinal symptoms, as well as nodal metastasis and distant metastasis (all p < 0.05). Patients with a low PNI had a higher incidence of severe (≥Clavien-Dindo grade IIIa: low PNI 24.9% vs. high PNI 15.4%, p = 0.001) and multiple (≥3 types of complications: low PNI 14.5% vs. high PNI 9.2%, p = 0.024) complications, as well as a worse overall survival (OS)(5-year OS, low PNI 73.7% vs. high PNI 88.5%, p < 0.001), and RFS (5-year RFS, low PNI 68.5% vs. high PNI 79.8%, p = 0.008) versus patients with high PNI (>42.2). A nomogram based on PNI, tumor grade and metastatic disease demonstrated excellent discrimination and calibration to predict OS in both the training (C-index 0.748) and two external validation (C-index 0.827, 0.745) cohorts. Conclusions: Low PNI was common and associated with worse short- and long-term outcomes among patients with GEP-NETs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cervical cancer is the second most harmful cancer to women, while human papillomavirus (HPV)-16 is the main cause of cervical cancer. Early virus screening can reduce the risk of death, but is sometimes challenged by the low concentration and complicated matrix in physiological samples such as human serum. Herein, we report a CRISPR-Cas12a-enhanced mass spectrometric 3D DNA nanomachine for HPV-16 detection in human serum. Thanks to the high sensitivity of the CRISPR-Cas12a-enhanced 3D DNA nanomachine, and the high matrix-tolerance of elemental mass spectrometry, the proposed method was successfully applied for direct human serum analysis with a low detection limit of 1.2 pM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: Whether symptomatic unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) lead to change in circulating inflammation remains unclear. This study aims to evaluate the role of hematological inflammatory indicators in predicting symptomatic UIA. Methods: Adult patients diagnosed with saccular intracranial aneurysm from March 2019 to September 2023 were recruited retrospectively. Clinical and laboratory data, including the white blood cells (WBC), neutral counts (NEUT), lymphocyte counts (LYM), and monocyte counts (MONO) of each patient, were collected. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) were calculated as NLR = NEUT/LYM, LMR = LYM/MONO, SII = PLT*NEUT/LYM. The hematological inflammatory indicators were compared in symptomatic saccular and asymptomatic UIA patients. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the factors predicting symptomatic UIA. Results: One hundred and fifty UIA patients with a mean age of 58.5 ± 12.4 were included, of which 68% were females. The NLR and LMR were significantly associated with symptomatic UIA, and the association remained in small UIAs (< 7 mm). The multiple logistic regression analysis showed that NLR was independently associated with symptomatic UIA. On ROC curve analysis, the optimal cutoff value of NLR to differentiate symptomatic from asymptomatic was 2.38. In addition, LMR was significantly associated with symptomatic UIA smaller than 7 mm. Conclusion: There was a significant correlation between NLR and symptomatic UIA. The NLR was independently associated with symptomatic UIA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers and is responsible for the second cancer‐related death globally. Many treatment regimens have been developed to cure the disease; however, life expectancy is still low. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore new selective, specific, and robust diagnosis markers for efficient early recognition of the ailment. Along with the diagnosis, the treatment's effectiveness can be determined by prognostic markers, and miRNAs are excellent tools for the diagnosis and prognosis of HCC. In addition, the altered expression profile of a few miRNAs promotes HCC cell migration and invasion, and selective up‐ or downregulation of these responsible genes may help mitigate the disorder. On one hand, few of the miRNAs have been found to enhance angiogenesis, a crucial step of tumor growth; on the other hand, upregulation of specific miRNAs is reported to suppress angiogenesis and resulting tumor growth of HCC cells. Exosomal miRNAs have significant implications in promoting angiogenesis, increased endothelial cell permeability, tube formation, and metastasis to hepatic and pulmonary tissues. miRNA also attributes to drug resistance toward chemotherapy and the prevention of autophagy also. Identifying novel miRNA and determining their differential expression in HCC tissue may serve as a potential tool for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy to enhance the life expectancy and quality of life of HCC patients. In the present review, we have summarized the recent advances in HCC‐related research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Necroptosis has received increasing attention and is extensively studied as a recently discovered mode of cell death distinct from necrosis and apoptosis. It is a programmed cell death with a necrotic morphology that occurs in various biological processes, including inflammation, immune response, embryonic development, and metabolic abnormalities. Necroptosis is indispensable in maintaining tissue homeostasis in vivo and closely correlates with the occurrence and development of various diseases. First, we outlined the etiology of necroptosis and how it affects the onset and development of prevalent liver diseases in this review. Additionally, we reviewed the therapeutic strategy by targeting the necroptosis pathway in related liver diseases. We conclude that the necroptosis signaling pathway is critical in the physiological control of liver diseases' onset, progression, and prognosis. It will likely be used as a therapeutic target in the future. Further research is required to determine the mechanisms governing the necroptosis signaling pathway and the effector molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the incidence of patent processus vaginalis (PPV) in pediatric patients with a unilateral nonpalpable testis and explore the associated factors. From May 2014 to April 2017, 152 boys who were diagnosed with a unilateral nonpalpable testis and underwent laparoscopy in Shanghai Children's Hospital (Shanghai, China) were included in this study. The data were collected and reviewed, and the results were analyzed regarding the age at operation, side, development, and position of the nonpalpable testis. The mean age of the patients was 2.6 (standard deviation: 2.3) years. The testis was absent in 14 cases, nonviable in 81 cases, and viable in 57 cases. The incidence of PPV was 37.5% (57 of 152) on the ipsilateral side and 16.4% (25 of 152) on the contralateral side. The ipsilateral PPV was more prevalent when the nonpalpable testis occurred on the right side (P < 0.01). Besides, patients with a viable testis had a greater incidence of ipsilateral PPV than those with a nonviable or absent testis (P < 0.01). Moreover, this rate was the highest when the testis was in the abdominal cavity and the lowest when the testis was in the scrotum (both P < 0.01). However, the incidence of contralateral PPV was independent of all the factors. In conclusion, in children with a nonpalpable testis, the incidence of an ipsilateral PPV was significantly related to the side, development, and position of the testis, while it was independent of these factors on the contralateral side. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food safety is crucial for human health, but its effective on-site monitoring remains a challenge. Pregnancy test strip (PTS) is the successful point-of-care testing (POCT) product of the highest market share in the world, with the cost as low as $0.10 per test. Herein, combined with the CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) system, PTS-CRISPR was for the first time introduced into food safety monitoring, for rapid and sensitive POCT of aflatoxin B1. The low-cost, easy-to-operate PTS-CRISPR is expected to bring security to the grassroots food market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nanoscale thermal effect of ferrimagnetic vortex-domain iron oxide nanorings (FVIOs) was measured when exposed to an alternating magnetic field. A molecular temperature probe (fluorescein isomer I, FI) was attached to a thermo-sensitive molecule (4,4′-Azobis (4-cyanovaleric acid, AZO), then the molecule was bound to the nanoparticle surface through poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG, Mw = 1000, 2000, 5000 Da) spacers of different molecular weights. The magnetothermal effect induced the thermal decomposition of AZO driving the release of FI which was monitored by the photoluminescence method. It was found that the effective local temperature (Teff) decreased with the increase of Mw (PEG) and increased with the rise in field amplitudes B, and the temperature was found in a linear relationship with the applied magnetic field at all distances. The significant local heating temperature (T) rose to 60.3 °C when d = 0 of FVIOs, where d is the distance of the AZO-FI end group to the surface, while it fell exponentially with the increasing distance. The nanoscale thermal effect of the 20 nm superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIOs) was also studied. The results revealed that FVIOs have much higher nanometer local heat than SPIOs for all the applied magnetic field amplitudes. These findings were then applied in the enzyme activity regulation experiment of FVIOs and SPIOs. The results indicated that glucose oxidase (GOD) had higher enzyme activity after nano-magnetothermal stimulation of FVIOs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To explore the risk factors of ureteral stricture in transplant kidney and the clinical effects of different treatment methods. Methods: The 62 patients with transplant kidney ureteral stenosis as the experimental group, and another group of recipients from the same donor as the control group (n = 59 cases). The risk factors for ureteral stricture and the survival rate of transplant kidney were analyzed and compared. The 62 patients were divided into open operation, luminal operation, and magnetic compression anastomosis (MCA) operation group. The effect of the operation and the survival rate of transplant kidney among the three groups were compared. Results: In our study, we found that the above differences were statistically significant in clinical data such as gender, multiple donor renal arteries, history of infection, and delayed graft function (DGF) between the two groups (P < 0.05). Urinary tract infection and DGF history were the independent risk factors for the development of ureteral stricture. The open operation had the best treatment effect and the survival rate of the transplant kidney, followed by the MCA, the stricture recurrence rate in the luminal operation was the highest. Conclusion: The ureteral stricture has a negative correlation with the long-term survival rate of the transplant kidney, the curative rate and long-term effect of open surgery are the best, stricture recurrence rate of luminal surgery is high, and it may require multiple operations in the future, the MCA is a new breakthrough and innovation in the treatment of ureteral stricture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alcohol use is a major risk factor for the burden of mortality and morbidity. Alcoholic cirrhosis (AC) and alcoholic liver cancer (ALC) are most important and severe liver disease outcomes caused by alcohol use. The objectives of the current study were to investigate the global prevalence and burden of disease in disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for AC and ALC, based on data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD). Incidence, prevalence, death, and DALYs for GBDs in different locations, years, sex, and age groups were estimated using DisMod-MR 2.1 and a generic Cause of Death Ensemble Modeling approach. The correlations between the age-standardized incidence rate or age-standardized death rate and gender, sociodemographic index (SDI), and alcohol usage were conducted by Generalized Linear Models. Globally, the changes of age-standardized rates of indicators were not much significant over the 30-year period. However, the changes varied widely across regions. Central Asia and East Europe contributed the highest age-standardized incidence, prevalence, death, and DALYs and increased sharply by past 30 years. Generalized Linear Models (GLMs) showed male gender as a risk factor of AC, with the relative risk of incidence of 1.521 and relative risk of death of 1.503. Globally, there were improvements in overall health with regard to GBDs over the 30 years. However, the prevention of AC and ALC should be promoted in middle and middle-high SDI regions, especially Central Asia and East Europe, whereas more medical resources should be provided to improve treatment levels in low SDI region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study implemented the individualized Youth Quality of Life Instrument-Research Version (YQOL-R) to estimate the quality of life (QoL) among Chinese adolescents with three different Body Mass Index (BMI) levels. The study aims to explore and provide a reference for developing individualized QoL (IQoL) measurements in China.Methods: The sample consisted of 822 aged 11– 18 from nine schools. The data collection included all participants' primary characters (age, sex, annual household income, parental education, and recruitment community) and their self-report QoL. Precisely, based on the generic measurement of YQOL-R, we developed IQoL measurements by asking adolescents' perceived five most important things to them (IQOLimportance) and the aspects they most want to change (IQOLchange) from 19 facets, respectively. The one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to compare total and subscale scores of IQOLimportance, IQOLchange, and YQOL-R among adolescents with three different weight status. Also, the data analysis used multivariable linear regression modeling to test the effects on scores of IQOLimportance and IQOLchange.Results: Overall, the obese adolescents identified "Having good physical health" as the most important (54.03%) and most like-to-change (42.65%); in contrast, the normal-weight group ranked "Being myself" as the top facet of IQOLimportance (52.42%) and "Having good friends" as the top facet of IQOLchange (43.12%). The obese adolescents' reported IQOLimportance scores are significantly lower than those of the normal-weight group (P=0.039). However, there is no significant difference in IQOLchange score among the three weight-status groups. The multivariable linear regression models indicated that adolescents who are girls (P=0.035), have higher educated fathers (P=0.049), and are overweight/obese (P=0.041) self-reported worse IQOLimportance score; yet, the girls (P=0.023) and older adolescents (P=0.004) answered lower IQOLchange scores. In addition, adolescents who had higher educated mothers (P=0.047; 0.023) and responded with higher total YQOL-R scores (P< 0.001; < 0.001) reported higher IQOLimportance and IQOLchange scores.Conclusion: In the current study, although the self-reported YQOL-R scores from different weight status did not present a significant difference, the obese group reported a statistical trend towards lower IQOLimportance scores than the normal-weight and overweight adolescents. These findings emphasize that IQOLimportance and IQOLchange could capture adolescents' perspectives with different weight statuses about their lives, which are unique as complementary health outcomes accompanying YQOL-R in health surveys and interventions among Chinese adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Functional changes in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) occur earlier in the aging process and play an important role in the occurrence and development of age-related metabolic diseases. The mechanism of this phenomenon is still unclear, and the change in adipose tissue with age is poorly understood. Methods: We used transcriptome sequencing (RNA seq) to screen differentially expressed genes at the mRNA level, and analyzed the functional characteristics of the differential genes through GO and KEGG analysis in human SAT of all ages. In order to clarify the specific mechanism of the functional change, we analyzed the chromatin accessibility in the promoter region in the same SAT used in the RNA seq by the assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with high throughput sequencing (ATAC-seq) and obtained the functional genes in SAT changed with age. To verify these changes, we enlarged our sample content of human SAT. The primary mice adipocytes were extracted and stimulated by thyroid hormone of different concentration to construct an animal model, and the expression of the genes were determined through real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction(RT-PCR). The oxygen consumption test and immunofluorescence staining were used to determine the mitochondrial function of SAT. Results: RNA-seq showed characteristic gene expression of young and old human SAT, in which 331 genes were up-regulated and 349 genes were down-regulated. ATAC-seq, RNA-seq, combined with the mouse prediction model, determined the functional changed characteristics of seven genes. All these genes expressed differently in SAT of different ages, in which, NCF1, NLRP3, DUOX1 showed positive correlation with age; The expression of IFI30, P2RX1, P2RX6, PRODH, however, decreased with age. And all these genes showed dose dependent alternations under treatment of triiodothyroxine in mice SAT. The oxygen consumption rate revealed significant changes of the mitochondrial function and ROS accumulation in human SAT of different ages. Conclusion: In elderly individuals, the function, in addition to distribution, of SAT undergoes significant changes, primarily in mitochondria, which may be due to insensitivity to thyroid hormone signaling. These results identified seven novel genes regulated by thyroid hormone, exhibiting significant changes in SAT of different age, and are probably related to the dysfunction of the aged SAT due to the mitochondrial damage and ROS accumulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the elimination of organic pollutants using advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) based on peracetic acid (PAA) has drawn increasing attention due to the high oxidative potential and low byproducts. However, to explore more efficient and stable PAA‐based AOPs, there is still great room for study on the activation of PAA and degradation mechanism in the reaction process. In this study, a new PAA‐based AOP activated by metal–organic framework‐derived cobalt phosphide (CoP) and accompanied by chemiluminescence (CL) behaviour was explored. The CoP/PAA system could efficiently degrade 99.98% of RhB (20 mg L−1) within 5 min at pH 7 compared with the conventional Co3O4/PAA system (merely 17.29%), and the degradation process was matched well with the pseudo‐first‐order kinetic, and the kinetic constants was ~23.7 times higher than that of Co3O4 (0.546 min−1 for CoP vs. 0.023 min−1 for Co3O4). In the CoP/PAA/RhB process, the CL intensity was related to the concentration of 1O2, O2•– and acetyl peroxyl radicals [CH3C(O)OO• and CH3C(O)O•]. Therefore, CL analysis, combined with quenching tests and electron paramagnetic resonance analysis, was used to study the degradation mechanism in detail, and 1O2 was confirmed as the dominant contributor for the dye degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Well aligned TiO2 nanotube arrays have been synthesized via electrochemical anodization, and Pd-based nanoparticles (NPs) were decorated by electrodeposition with the aid of UV irradiation. A new back-to-back Schottky barrier diode (SBD) was formed by connecting with Ag–(Pd decorated TiO2)–Ti. We found that such an SBD sensor has excellent hydrogen (H2) sensing performances at a working temperature of 80 °C, with a detection limit as low as 1 ppm as well as a quick response time within 10 s at a low bias voltage (0.025 V). I–V curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis demonstrate a typical rectification characteristic of SBD as well as a dramatic decrease of the barrier height of SBD during the H2 sensing process. The high H2 sensing performance of a Pd-based NP decorated TiO2 nanotube array film SBD could be attributed to the synergism of the highly ordered nano-porous configurations and the Pd-based NP (with a high catalytic active metallic Pd nanoshell layer) decoration providing the enhancement of H2 spillover effect (and/or electronic sensitization) related redox processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emission of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) could cause environmental pollution, low-grade products and human health risks. Accordingly, it is of great significance to establish some sensitive and convenient analytical methods for their identification and determination. With the advantages of fast response, high sensitivity and simple instrument, chemiluminescence (CL) and cataluminescence (CTL) are promising for the detection of VSCs. So far, CL analysis of VSCs has been widely applied in various fields based on auxiliary CL methods and sulfur chemiluminescence detector (SCD), while CTL detection is prosperous in the construction of gas sensors, including the exploration of sensing materials and detection modes. Herein, this mini review briefly summarized the progresses, difficulties and future developments of CL analysis and CTL sensor in the detection of VSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The structure of cellulolytic enzyme lignin (CEL) prepared from three bamboo species (Neosinocalamus affinis, Bambusa lapidea, and Dendrocalamus brandisii) has been characterized by different analytical methods. The chemical composition analysis revealed a higher lignin content, up to 32.6% of B. lapidea as compared to that of N. affinis (20.7%) and D. brandisii (23.8%). The results indicated that bamboo lignin was a p-hydroxyphenyl-guaiacyl-syringyl (H-G-S) lignin associated with p-coumarates and ferulates. Advanced NMR analyses displayed that the isolated CELs were extensively acylated at the γ-carbon of the lignin side chain (with either acetate and/or p-coumarate groups). Moreover, a predominance of S over G lignin moieties was found in CELs of N. affinis and B. lapidea, with the lowest S/G ratio observed in D. brandisii lignin. Catalytic hydrogenolysis of lignin demonstrated that 4-propyl-substituted syringol/guaiacol and propanol guaiacol/syringol derived from β-O-4′ moieties, and methyl coumarate/ferulate derived from hydroxycinnamic units were identified as the six major monomeric products. We anticipate that the insights of this work could shed light on the sufficient understanding of lignin, which could open a new avenue to facilitate the efficient utilization of bamboo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pulmonary lymphoepithelioma‐like carcinoma (PLELC) is a rare and histologically distinctive subtype of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). High expression of programmed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) and scarcity of druggable driver mutations raise the potential of immunotherapy for advanced PELEC. However, evidence on the clinical impact of immune‐checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) remained limited and unconvincing. The present study retrospectively enrolled advanced PLELC patients who received ICIs either as up‐front or salvage therapy in SYSUCC between March 15, 2017 and March 15, 2022. The comparative efficacy of chemoimmunotherapy vs chemotherapy in the first‐line setting and chemoimmunotherapy vs ICIs monotherapy in the ≥2 line setting was investigated. A total of 96 patients were finally enrolled; 49 PLELC patients received immunotherapy plus platinum‐based chemotherapy, while 45 patients received platinum‐based chemotherapy as first‐line treatment. Patients with chemoimmunotherapy significantly obtain more survival benefits than those receiving chemotherapy (median progression‐free survival [PFS]: 15.6 vs 8.6 months, P =.0015). Additionally, patients with chemoimmunotherapy obtained more PFS benefits than those with ICIs monotherapy in the ≥2 line of therapy (median PFS: 21.7 months vs 7.8 months, P =.094). A significant correlation was observed between prognostic nutritional index (PNI) and favorable treatment outcomes in patients receiving first‐line chemoimmunotherapy (median PFS: 17.8 months vs 7.6 months, P <.0001). Likewise, patients in the monocyte‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (MLR)‐high group had significantly shorter PFS than the MLR‐low group (median PFS: 11.2 months vs not reached, P =.0009). Our study elucidated the superior efficacy of ICIs therapy, especially chemoimmunotherapy in advanced PLELC, which may provide new insight into the role of immunotherapy in advanced PLELC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increased incidence of wine fraud, a fast and reliable method for wine certification has become a necessary prerequisite for the vigorous development of the global wine industry. In this study, a classification strategy based on three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy combined with chemometrics was proposed for oak-barrel and stainless steel tanks with oak chips aged wines. Principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares analysis (PLS-DA), and Fisher discriminant analysis (FDA) were used to distinguish and evaluate the data matrix of the three-dimensional fluorescence spectra of wines. The results showed that FDA was superior to PCA and PLS-DA in classifying oak-barrel and stainless steel tanks with oak chips aged wines. As a general conclusion, three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy can provide valuable fingerprint information for the identification of oak-barrel and stainless steel tanks with oak chips aged wines, while the study will provide some theoretical references and standards for the quality control and quality assessment of oak-barrel aged wines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress plays an important role in the occurrence and development of various liver diseases. However, there are no effective prevention and treatment strategies. We aimed to determine the role of heat shock factor 2 binding protein (HSF2BP) in ER stress. Methods: HSF2BP expression in mice and cultured hepatocytes was measured during ER stress induced by tunicamycin, and its importance in ER stress was evaluated in hepatocyte-specific HSF2BP transgenic (TG) and knockout (KO) mice. The effects and mechanisms of HSF2BP on ER stress were further probed in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Results: HSF2BP expression was significantly upregulated during tunicamycin-induced ER stress in mice and cultured hepatocytes. Liver injury and ER stress were reduced in HSF2BP overexpressing mice after treating with tunicamycin, but were aggravated in HSF2BP knockout mice compared to the controls. In hepatic I/R injury, HSF2BP expression was significantly upregulated, and HSF2BP overexpressing mice had reduced liver injury and inflammation. These improvements were associated with ER stress inhibition. However, these results were reversed in hepatocyte-specific HSF2BP knockout mice. HSF2BP overexpression increased cytoplasmic CDC73 levels and inhibited the JNK signaling pathway. CDC73 knockdown using siRNA eliminated the protection exerted by HSF2BP overexpression in hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced ER stress in hepatocytes. Conclusion: HSF2BP is a previously uncharacterized regulatory factor in ER stress-likely acts by regulating CDC73 subcellular localization. The feasibility of HSF2BP-targeted treatment in ER stress-related liver disease deserves future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: We sought to investigate whether the unique lateral patterns of lymphatic drainage impacted lymphadenectomy (LND), lymph node metastasis (LNM), and long-term survival of patients after curative hemi-hepatectomy for left- versus right-sided intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). Methods: Data on patients who underwent curative hemi-hepatectomy for left- or right-sided ICC were collected from 15 high-volume centers worldwide, as well as from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry. Primary outcomes included overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Results: Among 697 patients identified from the multi-institutional database, patients who underwent hemi-hepatectomy for left-sided ICC (n = 363, 52.1%) were more likely to have an increased number of LND versus patients with right-sided ICC (n = 334, 47.9%) (median, left 5 versus right 3, p = 0.012), although the frequency (left 66.4% versus right 63.8%, p = 0.469) and station (beyond station no. 12, left 25.3% versus right 21.1%, p = 0.293) were similar. Consequently, left-sided ICC was associated with higher incidence of LNM (left 33.3% versus right 25.7%, p = 0.036), whereas the station and number of LNM were not different (both p > 0.1). There was no difference in OS (median, left 34.9 versus right 29.6 months, p = 0.130) or DFS (median, left 14.5 versus right 15.2 months, p = 0.771) among patients who underwent hemi-hepatectomy for left- versus right-sided ICC, which were also verified in the SEER dataset. LNM beyond station no. 12 was associated with even worse long-term survival versus LNM within station no. 12 among patients with either left- or right-sided ICC after curative-intent resection (all p < 0.05). Conclusions: The unique lateral patterns of lymphatic drainage were closely related to utilization of LND, as well as LNM of left- versus right-sided ICC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The time involved and the high economic cost of using oak barrels to age wines have led to a significant price difference compared to non-oak barrel aged wines and may lead to some fraudulent sales in the market. In this study, an untargeted metabolomic strategy was developed to detect the metabolite composition of oak barrel aged and non-oak barrel aged wines in both positive and negative ion modes by using UHPLC–HRMS combined with the recently developed chemometric method AntDAS. The results of partial least squares discrimination analysis (PLS-DA) showed that the samples were characterized into two categories. Finally, 51 compounds were identified in positive ion mode, while 26 compounds were identified in negative ion mode. The results indicate that combining UHPLC–HRMS with AntDAS can reveal the material basis of wines and has excellent potential to differentiate between oak barrel aged and non-oak barrel aged wines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oldenlandia diffusa is an important Chinese traditional medicine with various biological activities such as anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, antibacterial, neuroprotective and hepatoprotective effects. During our course of finding novel compounds from O. diffusa, two new alternariol derivatives named 9-O-(trans-p-coumaroyl)-alternariol (1), 9-O-(trans-caffeoyl)-alternariol (2), together with six known compounds (3-8) were isolated. Their structures were established on the basis of spectroscopic and physicochemical analysis. All isolates were evaluated for in vitro cytotoxic activities on MCF-7, HepG2, A549 and A2780 cancer cells. As a result, new compounds 1 and 2 exhibited potent cytotoxic activities on A2780 cancer cells with IC50 values of 3.1 and 9.4 μM, respectively. And a conclusion was deduced that the p-coumaroyl or caffeoyl moiety could greatly increased the cytotoxic activity of alternariol on cancer cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent developments in multiplex bioassay around the theme of precision diagnostics have gained great focus. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) is emerging as a powerful platform for multiplex bioassay due to its high sensitivity, wide dynamic range, particularly its reliable multiplex sensing ability. This review discusses the progress being made in the multiplex bioassay applicating ICPMS, mainly emphasizes on varieties of biomarkers and methodological innovations. Also, we summarized limitations and proposed prospects to shed new light on the emergence of more powerful and application-oriented analytical methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer immunotherapy has shown promising therapeutic results in the clinic, albeit only in a limited number of cancer types, and its efficacy remains less than satisfactory. Nanoparticle-based approaches have been shown to increase the response to immunotherapies to address this limitation. In particular, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) as a powerful manipulator are an appealing option for comprehensively regulating the immune system in vivo due to their unique magnetically responsive properties and high biocompatibility. This review focuses on assessing the potential applications of MNPs in enhancing tumor accumulation of immunotherapeutic agents and immunogenicity, improving immune cell infiltration, and creating an immunotherapy-sensitive environment. We summarize recent progress in the application of MNP-based manipulators to augment the efficacy of immunotherapy, by MNPs and their multiple magnetically responsive effects under different types of external magnetic field. Furthermore, we highlight the mechanisms underlying the promotion of antitumor immunity, including magnetically actuated delivery and controlled release of immunotherapeutic agents, tracking and visualization of immune response in real time, and magnetic regulation of innate/adaptive immune cells. Finally, we consider perspectives and challenges in MNP-based immunotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copper(I) halide organic‐inorganic hybrid luminescent materials have many advantages, such as diverse structure, facile synthesis, high luminescent efficiency, tunable optical performance, etc. and show a broad application prospect in energy‐saving lighting, display and other fields. However, compared with commercial rare‐earth‐metal‐based phosphors, the reported hybrids generally suffer from poor stability and low luminescent efficiency, which are the bottleneck problem of their practical application. With the aim of developing high‐performance organic‐inorganic hybrid luminescent materials, a new synthesis strategy has been reported. This strategy can systematically design and synthesis copper(I) halide ionic hybrid structures by combining the covalent bonding and ionic bonding between inorganic and organic components into one structure, and use their synergistic effect to optimizing their properties. This design method is expected to develop high‐performance organic‐inorganic hybrid luminescent materials, promote the in‐depth understanding of this field, and provide new ideas for the optimization of other types of hybrid materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The effect of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) on intracranial pressure (ICP) had never been studied in obese patients with severe brain injury (SBI). The main aim was to evaluate the effect of PEEP on ICP in SBI patients with mechanical ventilation according to obesity status. Methods: SBI patients admitted to the ICU with mechanical ventilation between 2014 and 2015 were included. Demographic, hemodynamic, arterial blood gas, and ventilator data at the time of the paired PEEP and ICP observations were recorded and compared between obese (body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2) and non-obese SBI patients. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) model was used to assess the relationship between PEEP and ICP in obese and non-obese SBI patients, respectively. Results: Six hundred twenty-seven SBI patients were included, 407 (65%) non-obese and 220 (35%) obese patients. A total of 30,415 paired PEEP and ICP observations were recorded in these patients, 19,566 (64.3%) for non-obese and 10,849 (35.7%) for obese. In the multivariable analysis, a statistically significant relationship between PEEP and ICP was found in obese SBI patients, but not in non-obese ones. For every cmH2O increase in PEEP, there was a 0.19 mmHg increase in ICP (95% CI [0.05, 0.33], P = 0.007) and a 0.15 mmHg decrease in CPP (95% CI [-0.29, -0.01], P = 0.036) in obese SBI patients after adjusting for confounders. Conclusions: The results suggested that, contrary to non-obese SBI patients, the application of PEEP may produce an increase in ICP in obese SBI patients. However, the effect was modest and may be clinically inconsequential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Daylily (Hemerocallis) is a perennial with high ornamental value. It is difficult to obtain innovative daylily germplasm by conventional crossbreeding. To enrich the genetic variation of Hemerocallis, daylily was used as male parent to cross with lycoris (Lycoris). Artificial pollination and embryo rescue were performed to overcome reproductive isolation. Cross‐compatibility and pollen germination were analysed to investigate interfamily reproductive isolation. Leaf morphological analysis and inter‐simple sequence repeat (ISSR) were performed to identify the hybrid at seedling stage. Results showed that most pollen grains failed to adhere to stigmas, and pollen tubes germinated in a disordered direction. Ten days after pollination, 77.19% of ovaries aborted. Ovaries were harvested only in 10 hybridization combinations, the fruit setting rates were 7.69%–42.86%, and the ovule numbers were 0–6.0 per ovary. One embryo developed into plantlets eventually, whose parental combination was L. aurea × H. 'My Complementary'. The hybrid was identified and exhibited both intermediate and novel characteristics of parents. This research is the first attempt to explore a protocol to obtain interfamily hybrid between daylily and lycoris. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unique physical characteristics make AlSiC an important packaging material for power electronics devices such as insulated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs). In the present study, we performed classical molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the effect of the 4H-SiC surface termination characteristics on the wettability of molten Al droplets. This result has considerable significance for improving the wettability between a matrix and reinforcing particles, which is required to prepare AlSiC composites by the casting method. Density profile analysis was adopted to calculate the contact angles θ of Al droplets on a surface of SiC, including Si- and C-terminated surfaces. The calculated angles θ were 99.8° and 81.7°, respectively. The stratification of the droplet density in the C-terminated system depended strongly on the terminated characteristics of the SiC surface and helped increase the wettability of droplets in this system. In addition, droplet diffusion on the Si-terminated surface was obviously slower than that on the C-terminated surface. The wetting characteristic of molten Al droplets depended strongly on the interaction energy, indicating that the surface terminated characteristics had a strong effect on the wettability of the SiC surface. Compared to the results for the Si-terminated surface, the molten Al droplet had a considerably smaller contact angle and the C-terminated surface showed a higher wettability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 3,4-ethylenedioxyethiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid (H2L1) and 4-chloropyridine-2, 6-dicarboxylic acid (H2L2) were used as the main ligands and 4,4' -bipyridine (L3) as the auxiliary ligand and the complexes {[Ni(L1)2(L3)(H2O)]·[(DMF)2(H2O)]}n(I), {[Cu(L2)(L3)H2O]·H2O}(II) were synthesized by solvent thermal reaction. The structure and properties of the complexes were characterized by X-ray single crystal diffraction, infrared spectroscopy (IR), fluorescence spectrum and thermogravimetric analysis. The results showed that complex I is a three-dimensional network structure. Complex II is formed with Cu(II) ions as the metal nodes and ligands as connecters, and a one-dimensional chain structure is further formed by intermolecular hydrogen bonding interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the clinical application of a newly developed magnetic anchoring traction (MAT) system in the liver bench trimming and transplantation surgery.Background: The conventionally limited space, vision, and exposure have always been a challenge for the quality of surgery in the liver bench trimming due to the fact that the exposure depends largely on the experience of surgeon. To deal with this problem, a MAT system is developed as an alternative support to enhance exposure. The preliminarily experiments on animals verified its feasibility and reliability in the practical use, and its clinical application and effects were examined in the present research.Methods: A total of 20 DCD (donation of cardiac death) donor livers were collected and divided evenly between the magnetic anchor traction (MAT) assisted group (n = 10) and the manual assisted group (n = 10). The results and quality assessment from experts about the liver bench surgery performed by two groups were examined and compared.Results: The MAT system can be employed effectively to compete and replace the manual assistance to achieve a better exposure in the liver bench trimming. No statistical difference was found regarding the baseline data between the MAT and the manual groups. In the inferior vena cava and hepatic artery trimming, the MAT group outperformed the manual group remarkably in many aspects. The surgery time for liver bench shortened considerably after a quick grasp of MAT skills by surgeons.Conclusion: The MAT system provides a more stable, reliable and qualified local exposure in the liver bench surgery, and can preferably be employed to replace the manual assistance in the procedures of liver transplantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The current study aimed to develop a dynamic prognostic model for patients undergoing curative-intent resection for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) using landmark analysis. Methods: Patients who underwent curative-intent surgery for ICC from 1999 to 2017 were selected from a multi-institutional international database. A landmark analysis to undertake dynamic overall survival (OS) prediction was performed. A multivariate Cox proportional hazard model was applied to measure the interaction of selected variables with time. The performance of the model was internally cross-validated via bootstrap resampling procedure. Discrimination was evaluated using the Harrell's Concordance Index. Accuracy was evaluated with calibration plots. Results: Variables retained in the multivariable Cox regression OS model included age, tumor size, margin status, morphologic type, histologic grade, T and N category, and tumor recurrence. The effect of several variables on OS changed over time. Results were provided as a survival plot and the predicted probability of OS at the desired time in the future. For example, a 65-year-old patient with an intraductal, T1, grade 3 or 4 ICC measuring 3 cm who underwent an R0 resection had a calculated estimated 3-year OS of 76%. The OS estimate increased if the patient had already survived 1 year (79%). The discrimination ability of the final model was very good (C-index: 0.80). Conclusion: The long-term outcome for patients undergoing curative-intent surgery for ICC should be adjusted based on follow-up time and intervening events. The model in this study showed excellent discriminative ability and performed well in the validation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, global automotive industries are going through a significant revolution from traditional internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) to electric vehicles (EVs) for CO2 emission reduction. Very similarly, the aviation industry is developing towards more electric aircraft (MEA) in response to the reduction in global CO2 emission. To promote this technology revolution and performance advancement, plenty of electronic devices with high heat flux are implemented on board automobiles and aircraft. To cope with the thermal challenges of electronics, in addition to developing wide bandgap (WBG) semiconductors with satisfactory electric and thermal performance, providing proper thermal management solutions may be a much more cost-effective way at present. This paper provides an overview of the thermal management technologies for electronics used in automobiles and aircraft. Meanwhile, the active methods include forced air cooling, indirect contact cold plate cooling, direct contact baseplate cooling, jet impingement, spray cooling, and so on. The passive methods include the use of various heat pipes and PCMs. The features, thermal performance, and development tendency of these active and passive thermal management technologies are reviewed in detail. Moreover, the environmental influences introduced by vibrations, shock, acceleration, and so on, on the thermal performance and reliability of the TMS are specially emphasized and discussed in detail, which are usually neglected in normal operating conditions. Eventually, the possible future directions are discussed, aiming to serve as a reference guide for engineers and promote the advancement of the next-generation electronics TMS in automobile and aircraft applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]