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In this study, the stability and flexibility of fiber perovskite resistive random-access memory (FP-RRAM) were optimized via a 3D urea-spherical dendritic framework, which was produced using amino-terminal PAMAM and toluene diisocyanate (TDI). Spherical dendritic PAMAM optimized the perovskite crystallization process in the precursor solution. Next, TDI was added to an anti-solvent to establish the 3D urea-spherical dendritic framework via strong covalent bonds. This covalently connected 3D framework was used as a crystallization template in this work to obtain a more uniform and smoother perovskite morphology. Meanwhile, the urea components protect the surface of the perovskite device, affording better stability and flexibility. When 2 mol L−1 PAMAM in the perovskite precursor solution and 10% TDI in the anti-solvent were applied, the RRAM device modified using the covalently constructed 3D framework (cf-RRAM) achieved optimal resistive switching (RS) performance with an ON/OFF ratio of 108, 500 cycles and a data retention time of 104 s. This optimized RS performance provides the potential to construct a woven and multi-storage device, implying high-density storage. In the exploration of cf-RRAM flexibility, the ON/OFF ratio of the perovskite film was still maintained when the elongation at break reached 28.91% or after bending 400 times at a radius of 5 mm. The loss of RS performance of cf-RRAM devices was less even under frictional conditions. In the exploration of cf-RRAM stability, the devices could withstand a high-temperature environment below 200 °C and maintained good RS performance after 90 day exposure to the ambient environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solid‐state lithium batteries (SSLBs) offer inherent safety and high energy density for next‐generation energy storage, but the large interfacial resistance and poor physical connection between electrode materials and the solid electrolyte (SE) severely impede their practical applications. This work reports a general strategy to introduce covalent bonds between electrode materials and SE, not only reducing interfacial resistance but also enhancing electrochemical stability and mechanical robustness of SSLBs. The covalent bonding is accomplished by functionalizing electrode surfaces with C═C groups, enabling in situ copolymerization with telechelic polymers in the SE. This approach is applicable to various cathode/anode materials and SEs. Particularly, the SSLBs comprising LiFePO4 cathode, Li6.75La3Zr1.75Ta0.25O12/(polyethylene oxide (PEO)/lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI)/silk composite SE and metallic lithium anode exhibit a specific capacity of 158.4 mAh g−1 and can be cycled at 2 C for 2200 times with >80% retention. Additionally, the SSLBs containing the high nickel‐content LiNi0.96Co0.03Mn0.01O2 cathode can afford a high specific capacity of 201.8 mAh g−1. Comprehensive experimental examination and theoretical simulations confirm that the lowered interfacial resistance and intimately contacted electrode materials/electrolyte interfaces facilitate Li+ transport at different stages of charge. Furthermore, the covalently bonded electrode/electrolyte interfaces also endow SSLBs with outstanding mechanical stability, enabling flexible SSLB pouch cells to operate under various bending states without performance decay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tea plants, as essential health beverages, are widely recognized for their rich content of antioxidant metabolites. This study utilized metabolomics analysis techniques to compare the metabolic differences between Camellia tachangensis F. C. Zhang, Camellia gymnogyna Hung T. Chang, and Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kunzte, aiming to reveal their potential antioxidant activities. By applying UPLC–MS/MS technology, we analyzed metabolites in the samples and identified 1056 metabolites. We utilized statistical methods such as orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS‐DA) and principal component analysis to evaluate and compare the variations in the samples. An intersection analysis of metabolites from the three types of tea plants identified 29 major differential metabolites. Functional annotation and pathway analysis of these differential metabolites were conducted, ultimately discussing 24 antioxidant‐related metabolites, primarily belonging to flavonoids, phenolic acids, and other categories. Among the three types of tea, C. tachangensis has the highest content of procyanidin B4, which is the most abundant substance in this tea. In terms of the impact of this substance on tea, it is known to have antioxidant properties and contributes to the overall antioxidant capacity of tea. In both C. gymnogyna and C. sinensis, the top 5 antioxidant metabolites include substances such as apigenin‐6,8‐di‐C‐glucoside (vicenin‐2), epigallocatechin, and apigenin‐5‐O‐glucoside. These substances belong to the flavonoid class and contribute to the antioxidant properties of these teas. Beyond the flavonoids and phenolic acids, other classes of metabolites in tea plants also exhibited significant antioxidant properties. These different metabolites play a key role in the antioxidant function of tea, contributing to their potential health benefits. The metabolites provide crucial insights for exploring and developing high‐antioxidant products that occur naturally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using Euryale ferox shells as biomass raw material, porous carbon samples were prepared by conventional hydrothermal carbonization and microwave-assisted hydrothermal carbonization followed by KOH activation. Effects of hydrothermal heating method and reaction time on the formation of porous carbon structure were systematically studied. It is found that compared with conventional hydrothermal carbonization, microwave-assisted hydrothermal carbonization can rapidly promote the hydrolysis of biomass and form hydrochar with certain pore structure. This is conducive to improving the activation efficiency and preparing porous carbon with rich pore structure. At the same time, microwave-assisted hydrothermal carbonization can improve the content of oxygen-containing functional groups of porous carbon in a short time. In a three-electrode system, PC-M10m (405 F g−1) has a higher specific capacitance than PC-H6h (388 F g−1) at a current density of 0.5 A g−1. PC-M10m charges and discharges 20,000 times at 10 A g−1 current density, and the capacitance retention rate is 100%. This work provides useful results for developing suitable hydrothermal carbonization process for efficient conversion of biomass into high-performance supercapacitor electrode materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To establish an efficient regeneration method for the rare and endangered plant Mussaenda anomala to address problems regarding its reproductive obstacles and scarce populations. In this study, the terminal buds, axillary buds, stem segments with two axillary buds, stem segments with two axillary buds and one terminal bud, and leaves of M. anomala were used as explants. The effects of different explants and disinfection methods, plant growth regulators and substrates on plant regeneration were explored. The following results were obtained: (1) The terminal bud was a suitable explant for M. anomala tissue culture, and the disinfection method utilized was treatment with 0.2% HgCl2 for 8 min. (2) Initiate medium: MS basic medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L 6-BA and 0.2 mg/L IBA for the high germination rate (100%) and the maximum bud height (1.70 cm) of the terminal bud. (3) Proliferation medium: MS basic medium supplemented with 3.0 mg/L 6-BA and 0.2 mg/L IBA for a high proliferation rate (96%) and proliferation time (6.0) of terminal buds. (4) Proliferation medium supplemented with 0.7 mg/L GA3 significantly increased the bud heights of multiple buds. (5) Rooting medium: MS basic medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L IBA and 0.5 mg/L IAA for a high rooting rate (88%), root number (12.0) and root length (5.07 cm). (6) The optimal substrate for seedling acclimation and transplanting was perlite: vermiculite (1:1), which resulted in the highest survival rate (97%) and plant height (5.89 cm), as well as better growth potential for seedlings. The surfaces of M. anomala explants are densely covered with trichome, which increased the difficulty of disinfection; the plant growth regulators directly affected the growth and development in the regeneration process of M. anomala, and the substrate significantly affected the survival rate and height growth for seedling acclimation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The significant progress of p‐type and n‐type active layer materials in the past several years has pushed the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells (OSCs) toward 19%. Due to the relatively low synthesis cost and simple synthesis method of carboxylate‐containing building blocks, including thiophene, thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene, thieno[3,4‐b]thiophene, furan, pyrazine, benzodithiophene, benzothiazole, quinoxaline, etc., are widely used to construct p‐type photovoltaic polymers. These resulting carboxylate‐bearing polymers present downward energy levels, high absorption coefficient, narrow bandgap, high hole mobility, and strong aggregation behavior, which have dabbled in the fabrication of mechanically stretchable, semitransparent, indoor, and tandem OSCs, etc., and produce excellent photovoltaic performance. The low‐cost carboxylate‐containing copolymers exhibit a satisfying PCE approaching 17%, and the random terpolymer systems achieve a high PCE over 19%. This review focuses on the progress of carboxylate‐containing photovoltaic polymers, summarizes the molecular characteristics, discusses their structure‐performance relationship, and offers a summary and outlook on the challenges for future molecular development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon dot-based room-temperature phosphorescence materials have emerged as a shining new star in the carbon nanomaterial family in recent years due to their excellent optical properties. However, there still exists a significant challenge in obtaining carbon dots (CDs) with ultra-long phosphorescence lifetimes. In this study, tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) was used to achieve in situ growth and encapsulation of CDs in a 3D SiO2 network using a one-pot hydrothermal method. It was demonstrated that Na+ is the key factor to achieve ultra-long afterglow lifetimes of CDs in dense SiO2 matrices, and the introduction of Na+ has a significant effect on extending the afterglow lifetime of various CDs. The designed Na/CDs@SiO2 nanomaterial exhibited an ultra-long afterglow lifetime of 6.69 s, which surpassed most reported CD-based afterglow lifetimes. This work provides a design principle and general strategy for achieving ultra-long afterglow lifetimes of CDs in dense SiO2 matrices. Due to the stable photoluminescence (PL) properties, low biotoxicity, and ultra-long afterglow lifetime of the Na/CDs@SiO2 nanomaterial, it was successfully applied in HeLa cell imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of the pipeline transportation and exploitation of mineral resources, there is an urgent requirement for high-performance polymer matrix composites with low friction and wear, especially under oxidative and prolonged working conditions. In this work, ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) matrix composites with the addition of carbon fibers (CFs), TiC, and MoS2 were prepared by the hot press sintering method. The influence of thermal oxygen aging time (90 °C, 0 h–64 h) on their mechanical and frictional performance was investigated. The results showed that TiC ceramic particles can increase wear resistance, especially by aging times up to 32 and 64 h. The wear mechanisms were analyzed based on the results of SEM images, EDS, and Raman spectra. The knowledge obtained herein will facilitate the design of long-service-life polymer matrix composites with promising low friction and wear performances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: With the rapid development of the pipeline transportation and exploitation of mineral resources, it is urgent requirement for the high-performance polymer matrix composites with low friction and wear to meet the needs of solid material transportation. This paper aims to prepare high-performance ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) matrix composites and investigate the effect of service condition on frictional behavior for composite. Design/methodology/approach: In this study, UHMWPE matrix composites with different content of MoS2 were prepared and the tribological performance of the GCr15/composites friction pair in various sliding speeds (0.025–0.125 m/s) under dry friction conditions were studied by ball-on-disk tribology experiments. Findings: Results show that the frictional behavior was shown to be sensitive to MoS2 concentration and sliding velocity. As the MoS2 content is 2 Wt.%, composites presented the best overall tribological performance. Besides, the friction coefficient fluctuates around 0.21 from 0.025 to 0.125 m/s sliding speed, while the wear rate increases gradually. Scanning electron microscopy images, energy-dispersive spectroscopy and Raman Spectrum analysis present that the main wear mechanisms were abrasive and fatigue wear. Originality/value: The knowledge obtained herein will facilitate the design of UHMWPE matrix composites with promising self-lubrication performances which used in slag transport engineering field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Porous carbon materials are often difficult to achieve high density while possessing high porosity, which limits their application in compact energy storage. Here, a design of freestanding porous‐yet‐dense carbon films with a tunable density (1.08–1.33 g cm−3) and porosity (specific surface area of 0–423.8 m2 g−1) is presented through an assembly of porous carbon nanosheet with graphene oxide under vacuum filtration. The typical freestanding carbon films simultaneously deliver a high density of 1.08 g cm−3 and a high specific surface area of 423.8 m2 g−1 when the porous carbon nanosheet content is 75 wt.%. As anode materials for sodium‐ion batteries, the optimized freestanding carbon films deliver high volumetric capacity (270 mAh cm−3 at 20 mA g−1), high initial capacity efficiency (81 %) and superior long‐term cycling stability (1300 cycles with a capacity decay rate of 0.012 % per cycle). This study provides a promising direction for creating freestanding electrodes that meet both high‐porosity and high‐density requirements for compact sodium‐ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wide color gamut displays are considered a new generation of display technology owing to their excellent color saturation and color rendition. However, a significant challenge in their development is obtaining narrow-band green-emitting phosphors with high quantum efficiency and low thermal quenching. Herein, we address this challenge by constructing efficient Eu2+ → Mn2+ energy transfer in the KAl4Ga7O17 matrix. This approach allows us to obtain a high quantum efficiency narrow-band green-emitting phosphor that can be excited by a UV LED chip. By achieving a 95.6% energy transfer efficiency of Eu2+ → Mn2+, the KAl4Ga7O17 : 0.1Eu2+,0.12Mn2+ (KAGO:0.1Eu2+,0.12Mn2+) phosphor exhibits nearly single-band emission peak at 509 nm with a full-width at half maximum (FWHM) of only 25 nm. Moreover, the internal quantum efficiency reaches 99% under 330 nm excitation. Compared with the undoped Ga sample, this phosphor demonstrates a 2.2 times increase in luminescence intensity. This improvement can be attributed to the introduction of Ga3+, enhancing the absorption of phosphors. Finally, as an application demonstration, we used KAl4Ga7O17:0.1Eu2+,0.12Mn2+ green phosphor, BaMgAl10O17:Eu2+ blue phosphor, and K2SiF6:Mn4+ red phosphor in combination with a 365 nm UV LED chip to encapsulate a white LED device, which gave a color gamut area of 122% NTSC and 91% Rec.2020 with a luminous efficacy of 27.09 lm W−1. Further, we fabricated a light bar and assembled it into an LCD screen. The fabricated LCD screen exhibited superior color rendition compared to ordinary commercial screens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Far‐red (FR) region (beyond 700 nm) lighting sources possess special potential for plant lighting. However, it remains a challenge to obtain high‐performance Cr3+‐doped FR phosphors. This study developed a FR phosphor, Ca1.8Mg1.2Al2Ge3O12:Cr3+ (CMAGG: Cr3+), using the cation substitution strategy. Under 438 nm blue light excitation, the phosphors display FR emission centered at 720 nm with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 91 nm. Benefit from the favorable match with the FR phytochrome (Pfr), the phosphor is combined with InGaN blue light chips to create a FR phosphor‐converted light‐emitting diode (pc‐LED), which is used in Italian lettuce growth experiments and it results shown in a 15% increase in fresh weight and a 6.5% increase in dry weight. Notably, supplemental FR light modulated its growth morphology. The results of this study will be useful for further research on novel Cr3+‐doped FR phosphors to meet the precise spectral requirements for plant growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, Fe-based alloy coatings were prepared on the surface of ductile iron by laser cladding. To improve its wear resistance and consider the economic and time cost of other post-treatment processes, laser remelting was chosen to strengthen the coatings. The effect of laser remelting energy density (0−11.45 J/mm2) on the phase composition, microstructure evolution, hardness, and wear resistance of the coatings were investigated. The results show that the coating consists of γ-(Fe, Cr) and carbides and that remelting energy density has little effect on its phase composition. After remelting, the hardness uniformity of the coating was significantly improved, but increasing the remelting energy density had little effect on it. The hardness and wear resistance of the coatings were inversely related to remelting energy density. At a low remelting energy density of 5.66 J/mm2, the hardness and wear mass loss of the coating were 111.49% and 54.36% of the original coating, respectively. The mechanism for the improved hardness and wear resistance is the microstructure refinement induced by laser remelting. Increased remelting energy density reduces the microstructure refinement of the coating, but the coatings still showed good hardness and wear resistance due to the diffuse distribution of carbides at higher remelting energy density conditions of 9.43-11.45 J/mm2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) is commonly used as a polymer filler to produce wearables with outstanding heat dissipation properties and excellent biocompatibility. However, the poor interfacial compatibility of h-BN in polymers, resulting from the chemical inertness of boron nitride and the low stripping efficiency of h-BN, limits its performance in thermal conductivity (TC) applications. To address these issues, we innovatively introduced a solid-phase molten salt method combined with a hydrothermal exfoliation strategy in this work to obtain poly-(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) stabilized hydrophilic boron nitride nanosheets (p-BNNSs). Notably, the method is simple and efficient, and the prepared p-BNNSs have fewer layers and higher hydrophilicity. The TC of the 30 wt % p-BNNSs@PVA films reached 7.38 W m–1 K–1, representing a 3244% enhancement compared to pure PVA films. The nanofiber film was fabricated using electrospinning with the optimal filling ratio, successfully facilitating heat conduction on human skin. Finally, it is proposed that the use of nanofiber films as advanced medical films offers a practical solution to the negative impact of hot weather on wound healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preparing submicron and nanoscale phosphors with good optical properties for practical applications is a challenging task for current inorganic long afterglow luminescent materials. This study utilized commercialized SrAl2O4:Eu2+, Dy3+ phosphors (SAOED) as raw materials and employed solvents with lower polarity or non-polar solvents for dynamic solvothermal treatment. The commercialized phosphor's overall average particle size was reduced from 42.3 μm to 23.6 μm while maintaining the fluorescence intensity at 91.39% of the original sample. Additionally, the study demonstrated the applicability of the dynamic solvothermal method to most other commercialized inorganic phosphors. The experiment produced a high-brightness nano-sized phosphor with a yield of 5.64%. The average diameter of the phosphor was 85 nm, with an average thickness of 16 nm. The quantum efficiency of the phosphor was 74.46% of the original sample. The fingerprint imaging results suggest that the nano-sized phosphors have potential for practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of damping and friction performance of grinding wheels on precision grinding was explored for the first time. GO hybrid PU-modified PF copolymers were prepared by in situ synthesis and adopted as a matrix for fabricating grinding wheels. FT-IR, DSC, TG, and mechanical property tests showed the optimal modification when PU content was 10 wt% and GO addition was 0.1 wt%. Damping properties were investigated by DMA, and tribological characteristics were measured by sliding friction and wear experiments. The worn surfaces and fracture morphologies of GO hybrid PU–PF copolymers were observed by SEM. Distribution of components on the worn surfaces was explored by Raman mapping and EDS. The research results revealed that the PU component tended to be dispersed around the edges of corundum abrasives acting as a buffer layer of abrasive particles, which could provide micro-damping characteristics for abrasives, making the grinding force more stable during precision machining and facilitating a smoother surface quality of the workpiece. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The unique properties of upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) are responsible for their diverse applications in photonic materials, medicine, analytics, and energy conversion. In this study, water-soluble rare-earth upconversion nanomaterials emitting green, yellow, and red light under 1550 nm excitation were synthesized. These nanomaterials were then integrated into water-soluble Kevlar nanofibers (KNFs) to fabricate ultra-thin composite films exhibiting favorable mechanical characteristics. The characterization of the products, along with their luminescent, mechanical, and temperature-sensing properties, was examined. The results indicate that the composite material exhibited varying colors based on the doped nanoparticles when subjected to 1550 nm excitation. The composite showed highly sensitive temperature-sensing properties, excellent luminescent characteristics, and superior mechanical strength. This study suggests that KNFs are effective carriers of UCNPs. This study offers a reference for the utilization of rare-earth upconversion in anti-counterfeiting displays, wearable health monitoring, and remote temperature sensing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cr3+‐doped phosphors are highly recognized in various fields for their remarkable luminous efficiency and spectral flexibility, including modern agriculture and horticulture. However, the shortage of suitable Cr3+‐doped phosphors for far‐red LED devices has inhibited their popularization in plant lighting. Herein, an innovative Cr3+‐doped phosphor Ca2YAl3Ge2O12:Cr3+ (CYAG:Cr3+), achieving a broad far‐red emission at 770 nm upon 450 nm blue light excitation is designed. The optimal CYAG:Cr3+ phosphor exhibits a high internal quantum yield of 78.2% and low thermal‐quenching behavior of 85%@373 K. Thus, the fabricated phosphor‐converted LEDs (pc‐LEDs) for plant far‐red lighting have a high output power of 33.3 mW and photovoltaic conversion efficiency of 11.5% at 100 mA. The potential of CYAG:Cr3+ in plant lighting is assessed by supplementing the far‐red lighting of Italian lettuce with fabricated pc‐LEDs, and the biomass of Italian lettuce is significantly increased by 33%. The successful development of CYAG:Cr3+ phosphors provides a high‐quality option for plant far‐red light devices and further stimulates the development of new Cr3+‐doped plant‐lighting phosphors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The resistive-switching-based logic gates are the promising electronic components for future digital logic operation in integrated circuits based on resistive random access memories (RRAMs). In particular, the logic gates controlled by near-infrared (NIR) light within the tissue optical window become more attractive in the practical application of in vivo manually controlled biocompatible microchips. In this work, fibrous MXene@MAPbI3-based resistive switching storage devices that are NIR-responsive at 1064 nm are prepared via a simple dip-coating process by introducing monolayer Ti3C2Tx-TBAOH MXene nanosheets with an excellent NIR absorption into the perovskite precursor solution. The 0.05 wt% Ti3C2Tx-TBAOH-modified MAPbI3-based RRAM device achieves the highest ON/OFF ratio of approximately 108, which is two orders of magnitude higher than the pristine device. Ti3C2Tx-TBAOH-modification produces a low SET voltage of +1.34 V under 1064-nm laser illumination compared with +2.22 V in the dark. More interestingly, the 1064-nm laser illumination on the Ti3C2Tx-TBAOH-modified device presents a well-defined NIR-responsive state at 1064 nm in the perovskite RRAM device and finally realizes NIR-controlled logic gates at 1064 nm for in-memory computing, such as "AND", "OR" and "NOT". This kind of NIR-responsive fibrous resistive switching logic device has potential application in future e-textiles as fundamental building blocks for integrated data-storing and information-processing function, especially in the in vivo manually controlled biocompatible microchips. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanohybrid photosystems have advantages in converting solar energy into electricity, while natural photosystems based solar‐powered energy‐storage device is still under developed. Here, we fabricate a new kind of photo‐rechargeable zinc‐ion hybrid capacitor (ZHC) benefiting from light‐harvesting carbon dots (CDs) and natural thylakoids for realizing solar energy harvesting and storage simultaneously. Under solar light irradiation, the embedded CDs in thylakoids (CDs/Thy) can convert the less absorbed green light into highly absorbed red light for thylakoids, besides, Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between CDs and Thy also occurs, which facilitates the photoelectrons generation during thylakoids photosynthesis, thereby resulting in 6‐fold photocurrent output in CDs/Thy hybrid photosystem, compared to pristine thylakoids. Using CDs/Thy as the photocathode in ZHCs, the photonic hybrid capacitor shows photoelectric conversion and storage features. CDs can improve the photo‐charging voltage response of ZHCs to ≈1.2 V with a remarkable capacitance enhancement of 144 % under solar light. This study provides a promising strategy for designing plant‐based photonic and electric device for solar energy harvesting and storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanohybrid photosystems have advantages in converting solar energy into electricity, while natural photosystems based solar‐powered energy‐storage device is still under developed. Here, we fabricate a new kind of photo‐rechargeable zinc‐ion hybrid capacitor (ZHC) benefiting from light‐harvesting carbon dots (CDs) and natural thylakoids for realizing solar energy harvesting and storage simultaneously. Under solar light irradiation, the embedded CDs in thylakoids (CDs/Thy) can convert the less absorbed green light into highly absorbed red light for thylakoids, besides, Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between CDs and Thy also occurs, which facilitates the photoelectrons generation during thylakoids photosynthesis, thereby resulting in 6‐fold photocurrent output in CDs/Thy hybrid photosystem, compared to pristine thylakoids. Using CDs/Thy as the photocathode in ZHCs, the photonic hybrid capacitor shows photoelectric conversion and storage features. CDs can improve the photo‐charging voltage response of ZHCs to ≈1.2 V with a remarkable capacitance enhancement of 144 % under solar light. This study provides a promising strategy for designing plant‐based photonic and electric device for solar energy harvesting and storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon dots (CDs), as emerging long afterglow luminescent material, have attracted the attention of researchers and become one of the hot topics in long afterglow materials. In recent years, researchers have obtained a series of CDs‐based long afterglow materials with different properties utilizing matrix‐assisted and self‐protective methods. To meet diverse application needs, the development of multicolor CDs‐based long afterglow materials is a focus and challenge in this field. Most of the previously reported CDs‐based long afterglow materials generally emit blue or green afterglow. Recently, some multicolor systems have been discovered, and the emission range can extend from ultraviolet to near‐infrared. However, there is a lack of systematic and in‐depth analysis regarding the preparation strategy and luminescence mechanism of multicolor afterglow from CDs‐based long afterglow materials. Based on this, this review summarizes the preparation strategies of multicolor afterglow from raw materials and reaction parameters. Then, the luminescence mechanisms of multicolor afterglow are analyzed from seven factors, including carbonization degree, surface state, aggregation degree, temperature dependence, excitation dependence, multi‐emission center, and energy transfer. Moreover, the applications of multicolor afterglow from CDs‐based long afterglow materials are introduced. Finally, the problems and challenges in this field are discussed, and the future development directions are analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conventional hydrogels, such as polyacrylamide and polyacrylic acid, rarely exhibit both mechanical and optical properties under ambient conditions, which limits their application as optical materials. We propose a facile strategy to prepare hydrogels with enhanced mechanical properties (tensile strength from 2 to 8 kPa and compressive strength from 180 to 400 kPa), extension ratios (up to 720%), and excellent optical properties (lifetimes as long as 1.13 s) by introducing lignin carbon dots (L-CDs) as functional nanofillers into polymers, resulting in the interactions between the CDs and the network of polymers. In detail, a dynamic redox reaction was achieved between the catechol groups of the L-CDs and Fe3+, which could promote the rapid gelation of acrylamide (AM) monomers within 1–2 minutes. Besides, inheriting the fluorescence properties from the L-CDs, the hydrogels possess unique optical properties which can be used for self-visualization of dehydration. The dehydration process can be visualized by the appearance of phosphorescence, as the polymer chains can effectively suppress the non-radiative relaxation, thus enabling the visualization of the dehydration of the hydrogel. In addition, the unique phosphorescence properties of the hydrogels expand their application to chemical sensing and information encryption. We expect that this fast gelation strategy will pave a facile pathway for fabricating versatile and multifunctional hydrogels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under global warming, the availability of water resources is one of the most important factors affecting trait evolution and plant species distribution across terrestrial ecosystems, and the relationships between drought resistance strategies and the hydrological niche characteristics of plants are worth studying. We continuously monitored physiological drought response parameters such as gs, Tr, proline, soluble sugar, gene expression and activities of SOD, POD, and CAT to assess drought resistance strategies of Platycarya longipes and Lindera communis; determined plant soil hydrological niche separation by stable H and O isotope analysis; and analysed the effects of interspecific water competition by comparing the differences in morphological and physiological parameters between solo and mixed planting. Under drought stress, L. communis exhibited a drought avoidance strategy, and P. longipes exhibited a drought tolerance strategy. L. communis utilized the water within the shallow soil layer, while P. longipes mainly utilized the water in the deeper soil layer; there were fewer parameters with significant differences between the solo planting and the mixed planting of L. communis compared to P. longipes. Overall, P. longipes benefited from coexistence with L. communis under drought stress, which may be because L. communis employs a drought avoidance strategy, reducing soil water consumption in the drought environment. These results suggested that differences in functional traits or resistance strategies among species benefit species' coexistence in a community under drought stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are commonly used in plant lighting and displays because they emit red, green, blue, and other colors of monochromatic light with a relatively limited spectrum. In this paper, mesoporous zirconium-based metal–organic frameworks (m-UiO-66) were synthesized via a template-free method, and red carbon dots (pCDs) were synthesized via a solvothermal method. The red carbon dots were finally inserted into the mesoporous metal–organic framework's pores while being heated and stirred, which led to the production of pCDs@m-UiO-66. The findings demonstrate that pCDs@m-UiO-66 has high stability at room temperature in addition to being able to produce solid-state luminescence following the co-assembly of red carbon dots with mesoporous metal–organic frameworks. Moreover, the position of its emission peak was red-shifted and its emission properties could meet the light requirements of plant growth. The cultivation trials showed that this far-red emitting phosphor can be used to prepare FR-LED plant lighting lamps when mixed with YAG:Ce3+, which is useful to increase the biomass of Italian lettuce and drench beet seedlings due to their optimized luminescent properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Glioma exhibit heterogeneous susceptibility for targeted ferroptosis. How circRNAs alterations in glioma promote iron metabolism and ferroptosis defense remains unclarified. Methods: The highly enriched circRNAs in glioblastoma (GBM) were obtained through analysis of sequencing datasets. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT–PCR) was used to determine the expression of circRNF10 in glioma and normal brain tissue. Both gain-of-function and loss-of-function studies were used to assess the effects of circRNF10 on ferroptosis using in vitro and in vivo assays. The hypothesis that ZBTB48 promotes ferroptosis defense was established using bioinformatics analysis and functional assays. RNA pull-down and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays were performed to examine the interaction between circRNF10 and target proteins including ZBTB48, MKRN3 and IGF2BP3. The posttranslational modification mechanism of ZBTB48 was verified using coimmunoprecipitation (co-IP) and ubiquitination assays. The transcription activation of HSPB1 and IGF2BP3 by ZBTB48 was confirmed through luciferase reporter gene and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays. The stabilizing effect of IGF2BP3 on circRNF10 was explored by actinomycin D assay. Finally, a series of in vivo experiments were performed to explore the influences of circRNF10 on the glioma progression. Results: A novel circular RNA, hsa_circ_0028912 (named circRNF10), which is significantly upregulated in glioblastoma tissues and correlated with patients' poor prognosis. Through integrated analysis of the circRNA-proteins interaction datasets and sequencing results, we reveal ZBTB48 as a transcriptional factor binding with circRNF10, notably promoting upregulation of HSPB1 and IGF2BP3 expression to remodel iron metabolism and facilitates the launch of a circRNF10/ZBTB48/IGF2BP3 positive feedback loop in GSCs. Additionally, circRNF10 can competitively bind to MKRN3 and block E3 ubiquitin ligase activity to enhance ZBTB48 expression. Consequently, circRNF10-overexpressed glioma stem cells (GSCs) display lower Fe2+ accumulation, selectively priming tumors for ferroptosis evading. Conclusion: Our research presents abnormal circRNAs expression causing a molecular and metabolic change of glioma, which we leverage to discover a therapeutically exploitable vulnerability to target ferroptosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultraviolet (UV) absorbents are widely used in coatings and polymers owing to their remarkable absorbance of UV irradiation. As a new type of organic UV absorbent, carbon dots (CDs) have presented outstanding UV absorption properties. However, the use of water-soluble reactants in the synthesis process of most CDs makes them easy to dissolve in water, which is not conducive to their use in the field of thin films. In this paper, we report an effective hydrothermal method to prepare three-component carbon dots (Im-CDs) from sodium citrate, ethylenediamine, and imidazole and then modify the surface to obtain the final product (AOT-CDs) by docusate sodium. The AOT-CDs exhibited a strong UV absorption capacity to UVA and UVB but a transmittance in the visible region both in solution and in polymers. In addition, docusate sodium is regarded as a suitable surface modifier to transfer Im-CDs from water to various organic solvents. When the excellent oil-soluble AOT-CDs are applied to a polyethylene film, the properties of the films, including the efficiency of UV shielding, mechanical property, and aging time, can be effectively tuned by changing the concentration of AOT-CDs. Our full-band UV-shielding films with CDs show no obvious degradation in the process of accelerated UV aging for dozens of days. Due to their ecofriendliness and good chemical and thermal stability in films, AOT-CDs are expected to become competitive candidates for next-generation UV absorbents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dithieno[3',2':3,4;2",3":5,6]benzo[1,2‐c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (DTBT) is a newly emerging building block to construct effective photovoltaic polymers. Organic solar cells (OSCs) based on DTBT‐based polymers have realized power conversion efficiency (PCEs) over 18%, despite their relatively low open‐circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.8–0.95 V. To extend the application of DTBT‐based polymers in high‐voltage OSCs, herein, D18‐Cl and PE55 are used to combine with a wide‐bandgap non‐fullerene acceptor (NFA), BTA3, and achieve ultrahigh VOC of 1.30 and 1.28 V, respectively. Compared with D18‐Cl based on tricyclic benzodithiophene (BDT) segment, PE55 containing the pentacyclic dithienobenzodithiophene (DTBDT) unit possesses better hole mobility, higher charge‐transfer efficiency, and more desirable phase separation. Hence, PE55:BTA3 blend exhibits a higher efficiency of 9.36% than that of D18‐Cl: BTA3 combination (6.30%), which is one of the highest values for OSCs at ≈1.3 V VOC. This work attests that DTBT‐based p‐type polymers are ideal for the application in high‐voltage OSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanotechnology is an effective way to stimulate the yield potential of crops. Various nano-fertilizers and nano-carriers are gradually being developed to bring about a technological revolution in the agricultural industry. As a biocompatible water-soluble nanomaterial, carbon dots (CDs) have attracted the attention of researchers for applications in agriculture. In this study, we prepared nitrogen-doped CDs (N-CDs) as a type of water-soluble carbon nanofertilizer by a one-pot hydrothermal method, and investigated its effects on lettuce biomass and quality. 100 and 200 mg L−1 of N-CDs substantially promoted lettuce biomass accumulation (41.70%), elevated lettuce nutrient content, as well as promoted the accumulation of major nutrients. Moreover, 100 mg L−1 N-CDs increased the chlorophyll a content by 12.68%, significantly increased the electron transport rate (ETR) by 38.61%, significantly increased the light energy conversion efficiency (Y(II)) by 31.24% and increased the Rubisco activity by 60.61%, which are important reasons for its increase in actual photosynthesis rate. N-CDs also have a positive effect on plant nitrogen metabolism by promoting the activity of glutamine synthetase. The significant benefits of N-CDs on lettuce make them have great potential for agricultural yield increase and quality improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-speed laser cladding (HSLC) was used to prepare Fe-based coatings on the surface of 27SiMn steel. The barrel-shaped parts were power-spun at room temperature to improve the surface properties of the coating. SEM, XRD, electron backscatter diffraction, and TEM were used to study the effects of different passes of power spinning technology on the microstructure, wear resistance, and strengthening mechanism. The results show that power spinning can effectively improve the performance of the coating, and the uniformity of coating microstructure and wear resistance were improved after two passes of spinning. As the number of spinning passes increases, the corresponding microstructure evolves from coarse dendrites to equiaxed crystals with an average grain size of 2.3 μm. It was related to the plastic flow generated by the spinning process, which leads to high dislocation density and the development of lamellar subgrains within the initial grains. Grain refinement and high dislocations lead to increased microhardness of the surface layer. Further frictional wear tests showed that the transformation of the wear mechanism after power spinning was beneficial in enhancing the wear resistance of the coating. The new process is provided for the post-treat coatings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Woven resistive random access memory (RRAM) is a promising subject in flexible wearable electronic devices. In this work, polyvinylammonium iodate (PVAm·HI) is added to the FAPbI3 perovskite precursor solution to fabricate a flexible fibrous woven RRAM array by improving the flexibility and stability of FAPbI3 perovskite. The long carbochain polymer backbone of PVAm serves as nucleation sites and a growth template to improve the perovskite crystallization process, and to in situ crosslink the perovskite grains at the crystal interface. The functional Al@FAPbI3:PVAm fibers are then prepared by solution dip-coating to assemble the fibrous crosspoint RRAM device with the structure of Al@FAPbI3:PVAm/Al by crossing bare aluminum (Al) fibers with functional fibers. Compared to a pristine device, the PVAm-modified devices exhibit a considerable improvement in the ON/OFF ratio and environmental stability. Specifically, the 2% PVAm-modified FAPbI3 RRAM devices show an evident bipolar resistive switching (RS) behavior with a high ON/OFF ratio of 109, which can easily achieve multilevel storage by setting the compliance current (Icc) to increase the storage density in the crosspoint array. Interestingly, a 100-times bent plastics-encapsulated device still exhibits a good RS behavior. This work provides a facile approach to achieve high-density storage in flexible wearable electronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photoreceptors containing the light‐oxygen‐voltage (LOV) domain elicit biological responses upon excitation of their flavin mononucleotide (FMN) chromophore by blue light. The mechanism and kinetics of dark‐state recovery are not well understood. Here we incorporated the non‐canonical amino acid p‐cyanophenylalanine (CNF) by genetic code expansion technology at 45 positions of the bacterial transcription factor EL222. Screening of light‐induced changes in infrared (IR) absorption frequency, electric field and hydration of the nitrile groups identified residues CNF31 and CNF35 as reporters of monomer/oligomer and caged/decaged equilibria, respectively. Time‐resolved multi‐probe UV/visible and IR spectroscopy experiments of the lit‐to‐dark transition revealed four dynamical events. Predominantly, rearrangements around the A'α helix interface (CNF31 and CNF35) precede FMN‐cysteinyl adduct scission, folding of α‐helices (amide bands), and relaxation of residue CNF151. This study illustrates the importance of characterizing all parts of a protein and suggests a key role for the N‐terminal A'α extension of the LOV domain in controlling EL222 photocycle length. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon dots (CDs) have excellent properties and have made great progress in synthesis and applications. However, it is still a challenge to realize convenient preparation and highly emissive solid‐state luminescence without the assistance of matrix. In this study, high‐efficiency hydrophilic yellow emissive CDs (Y‐CDs) with aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) characteristics are synthesized by a one‐pot microwave method. Y‐CDs show weak yellow emission with a photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 6.14% in aqueous solutions, but exhibit a significantly enhanced PLQY of 58.35% in the solid state. The AIE characteristic is confirmed by the phenomenon that the fluorescence emission intensity of Y‐CDs continues to increase with the gradual increase of the poor solvent fraction. The AIE phenomenon of Y‐CDs is derived from the suppression of surface piperazine groups motions and decrease of the non‐radiative rate, as is verified by a series of experiments. Finally, based on the high PLQY and AIE property, Y‐CDs are applied as a color‐converting layer on blue‐light‐emitting chips to fabricate white‐light‐emitting diodes with color coordinates of (0.31, 0.35), while Y‐CDs are also explored for their potential applications in anti‐counterfeiting, encryption and bioimaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-assembled nanocrystals are promising organic nanomaterials because of their degradability, low toxicity, and environmental friendliness. This work reported a new type of self-assembled photosensitive carbon nanocrystals (SPCNs) synthesized from o-phenylenediamine and L -cysteine. The macromolecules aggregated through carbonization to form carbon dots and then formed stable spiral nanorings through π–π stacking and disulfide bonds. Intriguingly, these nanorings further assembled into tetragonal SPCNs through hydrogen bonding. The aggregation-enhanced photoluminescence (PL) and variable fluorescence spectra reveal that hydrogen bonds are the crucial force for the self-assembly of sprial nanorings to tetragonal SPCNs. In addition, SPCNs can generate 1O2, O2˙−, and ˙OH via proton and electron transfer under visible light irradiation, which endows SPCNs with potent and broad-spectrum antibacterial bioactivity. Taking R. solanacearum as a research model, we found that SPCNs can effectively inhibit R. solanacearum bioactivity. Transcriptome analysis revealed that SPCNs suppressed the bioactivity of R. solanacearum by disrupting membrane structure, redox, histidine, and chemotaxis metabolism pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lead-free perovskites have attracted increasing attention owing to their excellent optoelectronic properties and non-toxicity in recent years. However, compared with those of Pb-based perovskites, the luminescence efficiency and stability of lead-free perovskites still need to be further improved. Here, we firstly propose an A-site engineering strategy to improve the luminescence performance of Cs3Cu2I5via a facile and low-cost solution method. Through the incorporation of the formamidinium cation (FA+), the lattice defects in Cs3Cu2I5 can be significantly reduced, thus reducing non-radiative recombination and improving luminous efficiency. The photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of the optimized A-site FA+-engineered Cs3Cu2I5 is increased to 95%, representing a 35.7% improvement. Furthermore, the stability of FA+-engineered Cs3Cu2I5 can be greatly improved, as evidenced by the decay of photoluminescence (PL) intensity after storage for 30 days and repeated heating–cooling test under the ambient atmosphere. Finally, pure blue emission with the chromatic coordinates of (0.1692, 0.1215) is achieved by encapsulating 5% FA+-engineered Cs3Cu2I5 phosphors on a UV LED chip. Our proposed A-site FA+ engineering strategy would highly promote Cs3Cu2I5 towards industrial application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Time-resolved femtosecond-stimulated Raman spectroscopy (FSRS) provides valuable information on the structural dynamics of biomolecules. However, FSRS has been applied mainly up to the nanoseconds regime and above 700 cm−1, which covers only part of the spectrum of biologically relevant time scales and Raman shifts. Here we report on a broadband (~200–2200 cm−1) dual transient visible absorption (visTA)/FSRS set-up that can accommodate time delays from a few femtoseconds to several hundreds of microseconds after illumination with an actinic pump. The extended time scale and wavenumber range allowed us to monitor the complete excited-state dynamics of the biological chromophore flavin mononucleotide (FMN), both free in solution and embedded in two variants of the bacterial light-oxygen-voltage (LOV) photoreceptor EL222. The observed lifetimes and intermediate states (singlet, triplet, and adduct) are in agreement with previous time-resolved infrared spectroscopy experiments. Importantly, we found evidence for additional dynamical events, particularly upon analysis of the low-frequency Raman region below 1000 cm−1. We show that fs-to-sub-ms visTA/FSRS with a broad wavenumber range is a useful tool to characterize short-lived conformationally excited states in flavoproteins and potentially other light-responsive proteins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is very crucial to select appropriate plant lighting sources to supplement light for plants according to their different requirements for light during different growth periods. However, LED-driven plant lighting sources confront the challenges of long-term operation stability and modular light color switching requirements. Herein, red emitting, far-red emitting, and patterned multi-color emitting phosphor–sapphire composite (PSC) samples were fabricated by co-sintering CaAlSiN3:Eu2+/Gd2.4Lu0.6Ga4AlO12:Cr3+ and low-melting glass powder on sapphire plates. The phase, microstructure, and luminescent properties of these PSC specimens were systematically investigated. Notably, after 34 days of continuous operation, the luminescence intensity of the fabricated high power plant lighting LED device can maintain 93% of its initial integrated intensity, benefitting from robust resistance to light irradiation and thermal shock. Moreover, the emitting color of these modular high power LED devices can be easily switched by using different PSC samples depending on the light color need of the plants. All these results indicate that the PSC samples reported in this paper have merits of easy fabrication, low cost and long-lifetimes, showing promising applications in the field of plant growth lighting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laser-driven projection technology urgently requires green emitters with a narrow bandwidth, high quantum efficiency, and long-term stability to compensate for the "green gap". Herein, a highly stable CsPbBr3–SiO2 glass ceramic film was synthesized by co-sintering high-photostability CsPbBr3–SiO2 powder and low-melting glass frit on sapphire, where the high thermal conductivity of sapphire and the SiO2 barriers could help maintain the stability of CsPbBr3 nanocrystals (NCs), endowing the well-known CsPbBr3 material with the possibility of application in the field of laser-driven projection displays. Furthermore, a "fluorescence wheel" was fabricated by pasting the CsPbBr3–SiO2 glass ceramic film on a micro motor, which could effectively alleviate the thermal quenching and increase the laser saturation threshold. Benefiting from its elaborate design, the operating temperature of the glass ceramic film was reduced from 351 °C to 75 °C and its luminescence intensity was maintained at 86% of its initial brightness at the laser power density of 4.5 W mm−2 for 60 min. As a proof-of-concept experiment, an all-inorganic multi-color fluorescent plate with red and green light emissions was obtained by combining the K2SiF6:Mn4+ phosphor and CsPbBr3–SiO2 powder in a patterned manner on sapphire, which provides an idea for the application of CsPbBr3 NCs and K2SiF6:Mn4+ phosphor in laser projection systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The covalent organic framework@carbon dot (COF@CD) composite was successfully constructed to achieve high-flux charge transfer and efficient photocatalytic activity for antibacterial photocatalytic therapy. Utilizing the establishment of intramolecular charge transfer between donor–acceptor (D–A) semiconductors and polymers with ＝C＝O–H–N＝ hydrogen-bonding groups, the charge transfer channel constructed by using a D–A COF semiconductor and hydrophilic CDs was built. This is the first report on hydrogen-bonded two-dimensional COF-zero-dimensional CDs for artificial antibacterial photosynthesis. In such a photocatalytic system, transient photovoltage (TPV) measurements demonstrated that CDs uniformly distributed on the surface of COF nanosheets play an important role in inhibiting charge recombination as both electron transfer and storage containers. Kinetic studies showed that the introduction of CDs greatly enhanced the charge separation efficiency by extracting abundant photogenerated π-electrons from the COF, resulting in the generation of more reactive oxygen species. COF@CDs (4 wt% CDs) present photocatalytic antibacterial activity with sterilization efficiency of over 95% in 1 h under visible light irradiation, with a decrease in the survival rate by 8.3 times compared to that of the COF. This result is attributed to the combined effect of the photoexcitation rate, carrier separation rate, and reduction rate of electrons accumulated in the CDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]