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In order to solve the problems of high consumption and cost of zinc powder in the conventional impurity removal method, the purification of copper, cadmium, nickel and cobalt from zinc sulfate solution(containing 30 -- 60 mg/L cadmium, 300 -- 400 mg/L cobalt, and 60 -- 100 mg/L nickel) was achieved by using sodium dimethyl dithiocarbamate. The optimized impurity removal conditions are shown as follows: the dosage of sodium dimethyl dithiocarbamate was 1.5 times the theoretical amount, the dosage of sodium nitrite was 1 times the theoretical amount, the reaction time was 1 h, and the reaction temperature was 75 -- 85 °C. The slag content was 30 kg/m³-liquid. The zinc and cobalt content in slag was about 8% and the cadmium and nickel content was about 1.5%, the loss percent of zinc was 0.02%. The removal efficiency was 99.11% for copper, 99.8% for cadmium, 99.99% for cobalt and 98.94% for nickel. The synchronous removal of copper, cobalt, nickel and cobalt can be achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is a promising strategy to solve and mitigate the coming energy shortage and global environmental pollution. Searching for efficient electrocatalysts for HER remains challenging through traditional trial‐and‐error methods from numerous potential material candidates. Theoretical high throughput calculation assisted by machine learning is a possible method to screen excellent HER electrocatalysts effectively. This will pave the way for high‐efficiency and low‐price electrocatalyst findings. In this review, we comprehensively introduce the machine learning workflow and standard models for hydrogen reduction reactions. This mainly illustrates how machine learning is used in catalyst filtration and descriptor exploration. Subsequently, several applications, including surface electrocatalysts, two‐dimensional (2D) electrocatalysts, and single/dual atom electrocatalysts using machine learning in electrocatalytic HER, are highlighted and introduced. Finally, the corresponding challenge and perspective for machine learning in electrocatalytic hydrogen reduction reactions are concluded. We hope this critical review can provide a comprehensive understanding of machine learning for HER catalyst design and guide the future theoretical and experimental investigation of HER catalyst findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 6 (CEACAM6) is an immunoglobulin superfamily protein primarily expressed on epithelial surfaces and myeloid cells. It plays a significant role in cancer progression by inhibiting apoptosis, promoting drug resistance, and facilitating cancer cell invasion and metastasis. Overexpression of CEACAM6 has been observed in various cancers, including lung, breast, colorectal, and hepatocellular cancers, and is associated with poorer overall survival and disease-free survival. Its differential expression on tumor cell surfaces makes it a promising cancer marker. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of CEACAM6's role in different cancer types, its involvement in signaling pathways, and recent advancements in CEACAM6-targeted treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The myostatin (MSTN) gene also regulates the developmental balance of skeletal muscle after birth, and has long been linked to age-related muscle wasting. Many rodent studies have shown a correlation between MSTN and age-related diseases. It is unclear how MSTN and age-associated muscle loss in other animals are related. In this study, we utilized MSTN gene-edited bovine skeletal muscle cells to investigate the mechanisms relating to MSTN and muscle cell senescence. The expression of MSTN was higher in older individuals than in younger individuals. We obtained consecutively passaged senescent cells and performed senescence index assays and transcriptome sequencing. We found that senescence hallmarks and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) were decreased in long-term-cultured myostatin inactivated (MT-KO) bovine skeletal muscle cells (bSMCs). Using cell signaling profiling, MSTN was shown to regulate the SASP, predominantly through the cycle GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of antiviral genes (cGAS-STING) pathway. An in-depth investigation by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis revealed that MSTN influenced three prime repair exonuclease 1 (TREX1) expression through the SMAD2/3 complex. The downregulation of MSTN contributed to the activation of the MSTN-SMAD2/3-TREX1 signaling axis, influencing the secretion of SASP, and consequently delaying the senescence of bSMCs. This study provided valuable new insight into the role of MSTN in cell senescence in large animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Late Mesozoic lithospheric mantle evolution of the Jiaodong Peninsula is crucial for understanding the destruction of the eastern North China Craton (NCC) and large-scale gold mineralization, but it still remains highly controversial. Here, we comprehensively compiled published Late Mesozoic mafic dyke magmatism data from the Jiaodong Peninsula to provide key constraints on the nature and evolution of the lithospheric mantle. Mafic dykes are widely emplaced in the Jiaodong Peninsula and have been divided into two groups (Jiaobei terrane and Sulu orogenic belt); they mainly comprise lamprophyre, dolerite, and gabbro. The ages of the mafic dykes in the Jiaobei terrane are predominantly between 120 and 125 Ma, and those of the Sulu orogenic belt are between 110 and 120 Ma. The Jiaobei and Sulu mafic dykes both have high contents of Mg and compatible elements (Cr, Ni), as well as low SiO2 content; they are characterized by arc-like mafic magma, including enrichment in Large Ion Lithophile Elements and Light Rare Earth Elements, depletion in High Field Strength Elements, high (87Sr/86Sr)i, and low εNd(t), implying a metasomatized lithospheric mantle source. However, the Jiaobei mafic dykes have relatively higher (87Sr/86Sr)i, lower εNd(t), and a larger range of (206Pb/204Pb)i, (208Pb/204Pb)i, and (207Pb/204Pb)i compared with the Sulu mafic dykes. The Jiaobei and Sulu mafic dykes exhibit Ba/Rb ratios of 1.29‒64.39 (average 29.3) and 6.61‒108.28 (average 33.1), respectively, indicating the presence of hornblende in the melts. The high Fe/Mn (>60) and Zn/Fe (>12) ratios of Jiaobei and Sulu mafic dykes indicate the mixed mantle source of peridotite and pyroxenite. But the content of pyroxenite in the mantle source of Jiaobei terrane is higher with wider range of Fe/Mn and Zn/Fe ratios. These features indicate the heterogeneity of the mantle sources of the mafic dykes in the Jiaobei and Sulu regions. It is suggested that both regions originated from the partial melting of hornblende-bearing peridotite, with the addition of more pyroxenite to the mantle source of the Jiaobei terrane compared to Sulu orogenic belt. The mafic dykes have the low Nb/Zr (Jiaobei: 0.024–0.229; Sulu: 0.030–0.166) and Th/Zr ratios (Jiaobei: 0.017–0.081; Sulu: 0.010–0.068), and the high Rb/Y (Jiaobei: 0.347–12.162; Sulu: 0.224–9.600) and low Nb/Y ratios (Jiaobei: 0.202–1.486; Sulu: 0.140–1.322). It implies that the mantle source area in both regions was metasomatized by subducted slab-derived fluids. The increase in (La/Yb)N and decrease in Hf/Sm implies carbonate metasomatism in both regions. In addition, some Jiaobei and Sulu mafic dykes have high Ti/Eu ratios, implying that the silicate metasomatism occurred in the mantle source of both regions. Based on the regional evolution, the lithospheric mantle source in the two regions beneath Jiaodong Peninsula experienced carbonated fluid metasomatism resulting from the subduction of the Palaeo-Asian Ocean plate beneath the northern NCC (ca. ~250 Ma), silicate melt-related metasomatism from subduction of the Yangtze Craton plate beneath the southern NCC (ca. 240‒220 Ma), and oceanic slab-derived fluid metasomatism from the subducted Palaeo-Pacific plate (at 180‒110 Ma). It is believed that the mantle source of Jiaobei terrane had undergone stronger carbonated fluid metasomatism and silicate melt-related metasomatism, compared to Sulu orogenic belt. Moreover, the continental fluid-related metasomatism only occurred in the Sulu orogenic belt. During the Late Mesozoic, the eastern NCC experienced large-scale lithospheric thinning, leading to upwelling of the asthenospheric mantle. The mafic dykes in Jiaobei and Sulu, show different geochemical features, were derived from partial melting of the metasomatized lithospheric mantle through upwelling of the asthenospheric mantle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the post-pandemic era, there is a need for medical professionals with creativity, clinical expertise, and social responsibility. The Chinese government issued a directive to enhance the "Five Characteristics" perceptions of medical students, incorporating moral integrity and adeptness in saving lives and aiding the injured, embracing a compassionate approach to medical practice, possessing the knowledge essential for academic distinction, mastering technical expertise, and the artistry of applying scientific methodologies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the opinions related to ethics and professional behaviors of medical students at one Chinese medical school using a validated 19-item survey instrument and analyze its influencing factors. We conducted a survey in a medical university in Anhui Province, China, and collected 1966 valid questionnaires using the "Five Characteristics Rating Scale". The results indicated high perceptions of "Five Characteristics" among Chinese medical students (85.42 ± 8.727). Lower-grade-year medical students (86.59 ± 7.888) had higher "Five Characteristics" perceptions than upper-grade-year medical students (84.29 ± 9.327, P < 0.05). In addition, medical students experiencing voluntary work during the COVID-19 pandemic showed higher perceptions (86.21 ± 8.357) than those without such experience (85.13 ± 8.842, P < 0.05). Grade year and voluntary work experience during the COVID-19 pandemic were influencing factors of "Five Characteristics" perceptions. Our research offers a theoretical foundation for governments and medical schools to cultivate doctors with high ethical standards and professional expectations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (Paxlovid) therapy for hemodialysis-dependent patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Thirteen hemodialysis patients infected with the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 from April 3 to May 30, 2022, were recruited. Laboratory parameters and chest CT (computed tomography) imaging were analyzed. The treatment group included six patients who received 150 mg/100 mg of Paxlovid orally once daily for 5 days, whereas the control group included seven patients who received basic treatment. No serious adverse reactions or safety events were recorded. Four control patients progressed to moderate disease, and none in the treatment group showed progression of chest CT findings (P < 0.05). Paxlovid therapy tended toward early viral clearance and low viral load on Day 8. Moreover, 83.3% of the patients in the treatment group and 57.1% of the patients in the control group turned negative within 22 days. In the Paxlovid treatment group, we found significantly increased levels of lymphocytes (P=0.03) and eosinophils (P=0.02) and decreased levels of D-dimer on Day 8 compared with those on Day 1. Paxlovid therapy showed a potential therapeutic effect with good tolerance in hemodialysis patients. The optimal dose and effectiveness evaluation must be further investigated in a largeer cohort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The leaching of copper from a copper-lead-zinc polymetallic carbonate oxide ore in Congo (Brazzaville) by sulfuric acid was studied. The effects of acidizing method, acid-ore ratio, leaching temperature, initial pulp concentration and ore size on the leaching rate of copper were investigated. The results show that under the conditions of room temperature, leaching time of 2 h, acid-ore ratio of 140 kg/t, initial pulp concentration of 27.5%, ore size of P80 = 105 µm, copper leaching rate can reach 92.19% by three-stage decreasing acid. The leaching effect is good. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was reported at the end of 2019 as a worldwide health concern causing a pandemic of unusual viral pneumonia and many other organ damages, which was defined by the World Health Organization as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The pandemic is considered a significant threat to global public health till now. In this review, we have summarized the lessons learnt during the emergence and spread of SARS-CoV-2, including its prototype and variants. The overall clinical features of variants of concern (VOC), heterogeneity in the clinical manifestations, radiology and pathology of COVID-19 patients are also discussed, along with advances in therapeutic agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adoptive cell immunotherapy (ACT) is an innovative promising treatment for tumors. ACT is characterized by the infusion of active anti-tumor immune cells (specific and non-specific) into patients to kill tumor cells either directly or indirectly by stimulating the body's immune system. The patient's (autologous) or a donor's (allogeneic) immune cells are used to improve immune function. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells (CAR-T) is a type of ACT that has gained attention. T cells from the peripheral blood are genetically engineered to express CARs that rapidly proliferate and specifically recognize target antigens to exert its anti-tumor effects. Clinical application of CAR-T therapy for hematological tumors has shown good results, but adverse reactions and recurrence limit its applicability. Tumor infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy is effective for solid tumors. TIL therapy exhibits T cell receptor (TCR) clonality, superior tumor homing ability, and low targeted toxicity, but its successful application is limited to a number of tumors. Regardless, TIL and CAR-T therapies are effective for treating cancer. Additionally, CAR-natural killer (NK), CAR-macrophages (M), and TCR-T therapies are currently being researched. In this review, we highlight the current developments and limitations of several types of ACT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Functional electrical devices based on two-dimensional (2D) materials can benefit from the considerable potential of van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs). We investigated the electrical characteristics, contact behavior, and optical performance of 2D metal-semiconductor vdWHs comprised of graphene and α-Ga2O3, in which α-Ga2O3 possesses two polarization states that are diametrically opposed to one another (α-Ga2O3↑ and α-Ga2O3↓). Utilizing first-principles calculations, Gr/α-Ga2O3↑ vdWHs have n-type Schottky contacts, while Gr/α-Ga2O3↓ vdWHs have n-type Ohmic contacts. Applying strains and electric fields efficiently regulates the band alignment between these two substances, which can reach different contact types. Moreover, our research findings suggest that vertical strains and electric fields can boost the carrier concentration in the Gr layer to about ∼1013 cm−2. Besides, the Gr/α-Ga2O3 vdWHs have much higher optical absorption than the isolated α-Ga2O3 monolayers in the visible and UV spectral regions. Consequently, the fact that Gr/α-Ga2O3 vdWHs are capable of attaining controlled contact types makes them especially well-suited for use in applications involving electrical and optoelectronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Co-combustion of solid waste and biomass can alleviate biomass ash-related problems. To investigate the effects of solid waste on the ash fusion characteristics of biomass and its variation mechanisms under an oxidation atmosphere, an X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analyzer (TG), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and FactSage calculation were used to examine the ash fusion behaviors of sorghum straw (SS) with the addition of textile dyeing sludge (TDS) or chicken manure (CM). The ash fusion temperature (AFT) of SS increased gradually with the TDS ash addition; with CM ash addition, the AFT of SS mixtures increased rapidly (0–20%), decreased slightly (20–30%), and finally increased slowly (30–60%). The generations of high melting point (MP) minerals (e.g., KAlSi2O6, Fe2O3, and Fe3O4) led to an increase in the AFT of TDS-SS mixtures. The K+ in silicate was gradually replaced by Mg2+ or Ca2+, which caused the generations of high-MP minerals (e.g., Ca3MgSi2O8, Ca2MgSi2O7, and CaMgSiO4). The TG analysis showed that the additions of TDS or CM ash slowed down the weight loss of SS mixed ash due to the formation of high-MP minerals. The SEM and FactSage calculations were also explained with the AFT change and their variation mechanisms. The result provided effective references for the AFT regulation during the co-combustion of biomass and solid waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The genesis of giant gold provinces is an international scientific frontier, in which the source of a huge amount of gold and the drive for mineralization are key challenges. The mineralization intensity of the Jiaodong gold province in eastern China is a rare occasion in the world, because it owns gold reserves of ∼5500 tons within an area of less than 10,000 km2. The Jiaodong gold province formed in the superimposed domain of diverse tectonic regimes in an intracontinental setting. Paleoproterozoic regional peak metamorphism and Triassic continental collision are followed by the tectonic transition and gold mineralization at ca. 120 Ma with time intervals of 1.9 billion years and about 100 million years, respectively. The Jiaodong gold deposits are different from orogenic and intrusion-related gold deposits in terms of the tectonic background, types of host rocks, and ore-forming mechanism. These gold deposits show close spatial-temporal and genetic relationships to mafic igneous rocks, implying the derivation of ore-forming fluids from the metasomatic mantle domains. Mafic dykes in Jiaodong have negative εHf(t) values of −29.9 to −9.1, Os content of 0.002–0.16 ppb, heavy δ18O up to 8.23‰, and high initial 187Os/188Os ratios of 0.1352–0.8858. These indicate that the lithospheric mantle was metasomatized by ancient crust-derived components. The lithospheric mantle in the western Jiaodong shows generally more enriched isotope features than that in the eastern part, which is explained to be an important reason for its huge gold resources. The mafic dykes show lighter Mg isotope characteristics (average δ26Mg of −0.33‰, n=50) and high CaO content (overall greater than 6.5 wt%), indicating that the lithospheric mantle would also record the metasomatism by the carbonate rocks from the subducting oceanic slab. Under the background of the rollback of the subducting paleo-Pacific slab and the destruction of the North China Craton, partial melting of the lower crust would produce granitic magmas that led to the enrichment of gold in the residual crust. The syn-mineralization asthenosphere upwelling would promote the recycling of the lower crust and the partial melting of the metasomatic mantle domains. Basic magmas, produced by the partial melting, and the mantle itself would degas to form ore fluids. The ore fluids would further leach gold in the lower crust to increase its fertility. The auriferous fluids were transported to the middle to upper crust along the detachment and strike-slip faults. Water-rock interaction and fluid immiscibility, which occurred in and above the ductile-brittle transition zone to induce gold precipitation, formed the Jiaodong gold deposits. Given the unique geological features and genetic model of the Jiaodong gold deposits, they can be defined as "Jiaodong-type" gold deposits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, the traditional transmission line fault diagnosis approaches cannot handle the variables' dynamic coupling properties, and they also ignore the local structure feature information during the feature extraction. To figure out these issues, a novel enhanced feature extraction based convolutional LSTM (ECLSTM) approach is developed to diagnose the transmission line fault in this paper. Our work has three main contributions: (1) To tackle the dynamic coupling characteristics of the process variables, the statistics analysis (SA) method is first employed to calculate different statistical features of the transmission line's original data, where the original datasets are transformed into the subsequently used statistics datasets; (2) The statistics comprehensive feature preserving (SCFP) is then proposed to maintain both the global and local structure features of the constructed statistics datasets, where the locality structure preserving technique is incorporated into the principal component analysis (PCA) model to extract the features from the statistics datasets; (3) To effectively diagnose the transmission line's fault, the SCFP based convolutional LSTM fault diagnosis scheme is constructed to classify the global and local statistical structure features of fault snapshot dataset, because of its ability to exploit the temporal dependencies and spatial correlations of the extracted statistical features. Detailed experiments and comparisons on the datasets of the simulated power system are performed to prove the excellent performance of the ECLSTM based fault diagnosis scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two-dimensional (2D) phosphorus-rich phosphides generally preserve the excellent electronic properties of phosphorene, making them promising photocatalysts for water splitting. Despite tremendous efforts in the search for potential photocatalysts in 2D phosphides, few known 2D phosphides fully meet the requirements for photocatalytic water splitting. Herein, we systemically investigate a set of penta-MP5 (M = B, Al, Ga, and In) monolayers by first-principles calculations and identify them as potential photocatalysts for water splitting. These penta-MP5 monolayers are found to feature favorable bandgaps of about 2.70 eV with appropriate band edge positions, a high carrier mobility of 1 × 104 cm−2 V−1 s−1, an excellent optical absorption coefficient (OAC) of 1 × 105 cm−1, and a good solar-to-hydrogen (STH) efficiency of 8%. Meanwhile, free energy calculations indicate that these penta-MP5 monolayers present both hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) photocatalytic activities under light conditions. All these excellent properties demonstrate that penta-MP5 monolayers are suitable candidates as photocatalysts for promising applications in overall water splitting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) Omicron variant is undergoing continuous evolution and convergent mutation. These new subvariants are raising concerns that they may evade neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). We investigated the serum neutralization efficacy of Evusheld (cilgavimab and tixagevimab) against SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron BA.2, BA.2.75, BA.2.76, BA.5, BF.7, BQ.1.1, and XBB.1.5. A total of 90 serum samples from healthy individuals were collected in Shanghai. Anti‐RBD antibodies were measured and symptoms of infection with COVID‐19 were compared among those individuals. The neutralizing activity of serum against Omicron variants was analyzed by pseudovirus neutralization assays in 22 samples. Evusheld retained neutralizing activity against BA.2, BA.2.75, and BA.5, albeit with somewhat reduced titers. However, the neutralizing activity of Evusheld against BA.2.76, BF.7, BQ.1.1, and XBB.1.5 significantly decreased, with XBB.1.5 showing the greatest escape activity among the subvariants. We also observed that Evusheld recipients displayed elevated antibody levels in their serum, which efficiently neutralized the original variant, and exhibited different characteristics of infection than those who did not receive Evusheld. The mAb has partial neutralization activity against Omicron sublineages. However, the increasing doses of mAb and a larger size of population should be further investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To determine why drop and pull transport is developing so slowly in China and whether there is a chance for its further development, this paper formulates a model to compute two threshold values of freight demand, namely the value that makes drop and pull transport profitable and the value at which it is more profitable than traditional truck transport. The results indicates that the most favorable freight market for drop and pull transport has a demand distribution in which most demand is concentrated on a few highway corridors and approximately equal in both directions along each corridor. Based on a comparison between the computed results and the actual demand distribution, it is found that the current Chinese highway freight market is not ideal for fostering drop and pull transport. The results further indicate that specific model markets should be selected for trial drop and pull transport. Since drop and pull transport will only be successful in a market with favorable freight demand distribution, successful attempts in model markets are the key to expanding the use of drop and pull transport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Myostatin (MSTN) is a negative regulator of skeletal muscle genesis during development. MSTN mutation leads to increased lean meat production and reduced fat deposition in livestock. However, the mechanism by which MSTN promotes myogenesis by regulating metabolism is not clear. In this study, we compared the metabolomics of the livers of wild-type (WT) and MSTN mutation cattle (MT), and found changes in the content and proportion of fatty acids and bile acids in MT cattle. The differential metabolites were enriched in sterol synthesis and primary bile acid synthesis. We further analyzed the expression of genes involved in the regulation of lipid and bile acid metabolism, and found that the loss of MSTN may alter lipid synthesis and bile acid metabolism. This study provides new basic data for MSTN mutations in beef cattle breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two-dimensional (2D) MoSi2N4 is a newly created material that has superstability and ultrahigh carrier mobility. Besides, the hydrogen evolution reaction activity was proved excellent by doping transition metal (TM) atoms and introducing N vacancies. But, the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) of 2D MoSi2N4 is unclear even. We have explored the electrocatalytic properties (OER/ORR) of MoSi2N4 by introducing Si vacancies and attaching various TM atoms. The structure and optoelectronic characteristics of MoSi2N4 have been researched in detail using density functional theory calculations. By analyzing the density of states, the free energy change diagram and contour maps of TM@VSi-MoSiN, the results show that Co@VSi-MoSiN has the lowest OER overpotential (0.53 V) among all samples. Additionally, the d-band center is used to explain the electrocatalytic origin of the OER and ORR of TM@VSi-MoSiN. Our discoveries expand the 2D TM@VSi-MoSiN applicability in the realm of catalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Bladder cancer (BLCA) is one of the most diagnosed cancers in humans worldwide. Recently, immunotherapy has become a main treatment option for BC. However, most BLCA patients do not respond to immune checkpoint inhibitors or relapse after immunotherapy. Therefore, it is very important to identify novel biomarkers for the prediction of immunotherapy response in B patients. Methods: Pancancer single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) data were used to identify the clusters of CD4+ T cells in the tumour microenvironment (TME). The clinical significance of key CD4+ T‐cell clusters was evaluated based on the survival data of two independent immunotherapy bladder cancer (BLCA) cohorts. We also investigated the function of key clusters of CD4+ T cell in the TME of BC cells in vitro. Results: This study identified two novel exhausted CD4+ T‐cell subpopulations with the expression of PD1hi CD200hi or PD1hi CD200low in BC patients. Moreover, BLCA patients with a high level of PD1hi CD200hi CD4+ exhausted T cell showed immunotherapy resistance. Cell function analysis demonstrated that PD1hi CD200hi CD4+ exhausted T cell can promote epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and angiogenesis in BLCA cells. In addition, PD1hi CD200hi CD4+ exhausted T cells were shown to communicate with malignant BLCA cells through the GAS6–AXL axis. Finally, we also found that GAS6 expression is upregulated in B cells by METTL3‐mediated m6A modification. Conclusions: PD1hi CD200hi CD4+ exhausted T cell may serve as a novel biomarker for poor prognosis and immunotherapy resistance in B. Targeted inhibitors of PD1hi CD200hi CD4+ exhausted T cells may help improve the efficacy of immunotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Myostatin (MSTN), a growth and differentiation factor, plays an important role in regulating skeletal muscle growth and development. MSTN knockout (MSTN-KO) leads to skeletal muscle hypertrophy and regulates metabolic homeostasis. Moreover, MSTN is also detected in smooth muscle. However, the effect of MSTN-KO on smooth muscle has not yet been reported. In this study, combined metabolome and transcriptome analyses were performed to investigate the metabolic and transcriptional profiling in esophageal smooth muscles of MSTN-KO Chinese Luxi Yellow cattle (n = 5, 24 months, average body weight 608.5 ± 17.62 kg) and wild-type (WT) Chinese Luxi Yellow cattle (n = 5, 24 months, average body weight 528.25 ± 11.03 kg). The transcriptome was sequenced using the Illumina Novaseq™ 6000 sequence platform. In total, 337 significantly up- and 129 significantly down-regulated genes were detected in the MSTN-KO cattle compared with the WT Chinese Luxi Yellow cattle. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that the DEGs were mainly enriched in 67 signaling pathways, including cell adhesion molecules, tight junction, and the cGMP-PKG signaling pathway. Metabolomics analysis by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) identified 130 differential metabolites between the groups, with 56 up-regulated and 74 down-regulated in MSTN knockout cattle compared with WT cattle. Differential metabolites were significantly enriched in 31 pathways, including glycerophospholipid metabolism, histidine metabolism, glutathione metabolism, and purine metabolism. Transcriptome and metabolome were combined to analyze the significant enrichment pathways, and there were three metabolically related pathways, including histidine metabolism, purine metabolism, and arginine and proline metabolism. These results provide important references for in-depth research on the effect of MSTN knockout on smooth muscle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-entropy oxides receive significant attention owing to their "four effects". However, they still suffer from harsh construction conditions such as high temperature and high pressure and present a block-like structure. Herein, in this work, Ni-Mn-Cu-Co-Fe-Al high-entropy layered oxides (HELOs) with a layered nanosheet structure were constructed by a simple pathway of topological transformation under relatively low temperature (300 °C) with six-membered Ni-Mn-Cu-Co-Fe-Al layered double hydroxides (LDHs) precursors, which exhibited an outstanding activity and excellent selectivity for CO2 photoelectroreduction (obtaining the highest carbon monoxide yield of 909.55 µmol·g−1·h−1 under −0.8 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), which is almost twice that of pure electrocatalysis). In addition, the charging voltage of a photo-assisted Zn-CO2 battery with HELOs as electrode was reduced from 2.62 to 2.40 V; the discharging voltage of the battery was increased from 0.51 to 0.59 V with the assistance of illumination. The improvement of round-trip efficiency of the battery indicates that light played a positive role in both the charging and discharging processes. This study not only lays an important foundation for the development of high-entropy oxides but also expands their application in the field of photoelectrochemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) plays a pivotal role in advanced electrochemical energy conversion devices. However, the ORR conversion efficiency is extremely limited. The major obstacles originate from the adsorption and activation of O2 on the electrode surface. A novel nanocomposite catalyst, photosensitizers (PS) meso-tetraphenylporphyrin iron(III) chloride (FePcCl)/NiCoFe-layered double hydroxides (NiCoFe-LDHs) is designed in this study. Herein, owing to excellent oxygen molecules activation ability and remarkable illumination absorption feature, FePcCl/NiCoFe-LDHs is employed to uncover the relationship between the intrinsic ORR activity and PS behaviour. Interestingly, the reaction mechanism of singlet 1O2 is proposed owing to the combination of electrochemical ORR catalysed via LDHs and PS. The boosted cathodic ORR properties exhibit singlet 1O2 dependent response arising from the synergistic effect to selectively produce active intermediates in alkaline medium. This work imparts the promising new mechanism about the high 4-electron ORR selectivity via material design, which will guide the development of photo-assisted energy conversion devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

WC-Co cemented carbide has been widely used as cutting tool materials under cooling conditions. However, WC-Co cemented carbide has low high temperature hardness and poor oxidation resistance at high temperature, which limits its application in the field of high-speed machining. New WC-Al2O3 composite tool materials with high hardness and excellent oxidation resistance at high temperature were fabricated by vacuum hot pressing sintering process at 1450 °C. The mechanical properties of WC-Al2O3 composite tool materials with different Al2O3 content were studied at room and high temperature, combined with the microstructure analysis by XRD\SEM\EDS. It was found that WA5 (5 wt.% Al2O3) had the best comprehensive mechanical properties at room temperature, but its performance at high temperature was inferior to WA20 (20 wt.% Al2O3). The Vickers hardness of WA20 was 21.3 ± 0.19 GPa at 600 °C, which was higher than WA0 (3.44 ± 0.24 GPa) and WA5 (4.4 ± 0.08 GPa) at 600 °C. The oxidation experiment showed that the weight gain of WA20 at high temperature (700 °C and above) was significantly lower than that of WA0 (0 wt.% Al2O3) and WA5, which was due to the good high temperature oxidation resistance of Al2O3. In general, WA20 had good high temperature mechanical properties and better high temperature oxidation resistance, which was suitable for high-speed cutting tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Myostatin (MSTN) negatively regulates skeletal muscle growth. Although the role of MSTN in muscle hypertrophy can be investigated in depth, studies of MSTN in mitochondrial energy metabolism in muscle would be valuable. In this study, we evaluated the importance of MSTN in regulating mitochondrial energy metabolism in MSTN-knockout (Mstn−/−) mice and explored the possible mechanisms. A loss of MSTN inhibits oxidative phosphorylation, alters TCA cycle activity, and impairs ATP production in skeletal muscles. These changes may be achieved through TGF-β-Smad2/3. These results suggest that MSTN may be an important regulator of mitochondrial energy homeostasis in mice. Myostatin (MSTN) is an important negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth in animals. A lack of MSTN promotes lipolysis and glucose metabolism but inhibits oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Here, we aimed to investigate the possible mechanism of MSTN regulating the mitochondrial energy homeostasis of skeletal muscle. To this end, MSTN knockout mice were generated by the CRISPR/Cas9 technique. Expectedly, the MSTN null (Mstn−/−) mouse has a hypermuscular phenotype. The muscle metabolism of the Mstn−/− mice was detected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, indirect calorimetry, ChIP-qPCR, and RT-qPCR. The resting metabolic rate and body temperature of the Mstn−/− mice were significantly reduced. The loss of MSTN not only significantly inhibited the production of ATP by OXPHOS and decreased the activity of respiratory chain complexes, but also inhibited key rate-limiting enzymes related to the TCA cycle and significantly reduced the ratio of NADH/NAD+ in the Mstn−/− mice, which then greatly reduced the total amount of ATP. Further ChIP-qPCR results confirmed that the lack of MSTN inhibited both the TCA cycle and OXPHOS, resulting in decreased ATP production. The reason may be that Smad2/3 is not sufficiently bound to the promoter region of the rate-limiting enzymes Idh2 and Idh3a of the TCA cycle, thus affecting their transcription. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering the issues of energy shortage and global warming in the near future, developing sustainable and CO2 emission-free energy sources is necessary for industrialization and civilization. Pure hydrogen is a promising source of clean energy due to its high energy density and sustainable production. In this regard, using density functional theory calculations, a novel two-dimensional (2D) Janus material GaPS2Se2 is predicted to be a promising candidate for the photocatalytic water-splitting application to produce hydrogen. After ascertaining its stability, it was found that the new material shows an anisotropic Young's modulus (Poisson's ratio) of 9.04–29.09 N m−1 (0.05–0.34). Notably, the GaPS2Se2 Janus material shows a moderate direct bandgap of 2.64 eV and anisotropic carrier mobilities for electrons (284.61/37.60 cm2 V−1 S−1) and holes (528.83/550.63 cm2 V−1 S−1), making it suitable for the photocatalytic water splitting catalyst. Interestingly, when applying strain-engineering modulation, the electronic properties, effect mass, and optical properties can be well-tuned. Importantly, both oxygen evolution and hydrogen evolution can spontaneously occur at pH = 3 and 2% tensile strain by calculating the Gibbs free energy of each intermediate. Through systematic investigations, the GaPS2Se2 monolayer is a promising candidate for electronics, photoelectronics, and photocatalytic water splitting applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gold deposits in Jiaodong, termed Jiaodong‐type, are tectonically located in the southeastern margin of the North China Craton. Their major features are reviewed in this paper to highlight the differences between Jiaodong deposits and other genetic types of gold deposits. The mineralization was synchronized with asthenosphere upwelling indicated by syn‐ore OIB‐like mafic dike and large‐scale crustal thinning suggested by decrease of Sr/Y from pre‐ore to syn‐ore granites. Asthenosphere upwelling induced by the roll‐back of Paleo‐Pacific Plate drove partial melting of lithospheric mantle and devolatilization, which induced the release of the ore‐forming fluids. In concomitant with magmatic records, mineralization migrated from the western Jiaobei terrane (133–127 Ma) to the eastern Sulu orogenic belt (114–108 Ma), corresponding to the eastward roll‐back of Paleo‐Pacific Plate. Gold mineralization in Jiaodong formed in the transitions of ductile to brittle deformation, rapid to slow crustal uplift, and regional compression to extension. In the regional‐scale, the gold deposits in the Jiaobei terrane are mostly situated at intersections between NE‐trending faults and EW‐trending basement faults, and gold orebodies dominantly controlled by the lithologic contacts between Precambrian metamorphic rocks and Mesozoic granites. The mineralization was dominated by the disseminated‐veinlet ores related to quartz–sericite alteration in strong cataclasite‐breccia zone, with subsidiary thick quartz‐sulfide veins developed in secondary fault zones. The ore‐forming fluids belong to a H2O–CO2–NaCl±CH4 system and show minor variations in salinity among different types of ore. Structure‐fluid feedback involving fluid‐rock reaction and hydrofracturing triggered the fluid phase separation and resultant gold deposition. The Jiaodong gold deposits are distinct from orogenic and intrusion‐related gold deposits in terms of tectonic setting, origin of ore‐forming fluids, and mechanism of gold deposition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Myostatin (Mstn) is a negative regulator of skeletal muscle mass, and its deletion leads to reduced mitochondrial function. However, the exact regulatory mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to generate myostatin-knockout (Mstn-KO) mice via pronuclear microinjection. The skeletal muscle of Mstn-KO mice significantly increased, and the basal metabolic rate, muscle ATP synthesis, mitochondrial respiratory chain complex activity, tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), and thermogenesis decreased. In the muscle tissue of Mstn-KO mice, the expression of SIRT1 and pAMPK decreased, and the acetylation modification of PGC-1α increased. Furthermore, the treatment of isolated muscle cells from Mstn-KO and wild-type mice with AMPK activator (AICAR) and AMPK inhibitor (Compound C) found that Compound C down-regulated the expression of pAMPK and SIRT1 and the activity of citrate synthase (CS), isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDHm) and α-ketoglutarate acid dehydrogenase (α-KGDH) similar to that of Mstn-KO. However, AICAR partially reversed the inhibitory effect of Mstn-KO on the expression of pAMPK and SIRT1 and activity of three enzymes. Thus, Mstn-KO affects mitochondrial function by inhibiting the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC1α signaling pathway. Myostatin (Mstn) is a major negative regulator of skeletal muscle mass and initiates multiple metabolic changes. The deletion of the Mstn gene in mice leads to reduced mitochondrial functions. However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to generate myostatin-knockout (Mstn-KO) mice via pronuclear microinjection. Mstn-KO mice exhibited significantly larger skeletal muscles. Meanwhile, Mstn knockout regulated the organ weights of mice. Moreover, we found that Mstn knockout reduced the basal metabolic rate, muscle adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis, activities of mitochondrial respiration chain complexes, tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) cycle, and thermogenesis. Mechanistically, expressions of silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) and phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (pAMPK) were down-regulated, while peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) acetylation modification increased in the Mstn-KO mice. Skeletal muscle cells from Mstn-KO and WT were treated with AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR), and the AMPK inhibitor Compound C, respectively. Compared with the wild-type (WT) group, Compound C treatment further down-regulated the expression or activity of pAMPK, SIRT1, citrate synthase (CS), isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDHm), and α-ketoglutarate acid dehydrogenase (α-KGDH) in Mstn-KO mice, while Mstn knockout inhibited the AICAR activation effect. Therefore, Mstn knockout affects mitochondrial function by inhibiting the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC1α signaling pathway. The present study reveals a new mechanism for Mstn knockout in regulating energy homeostasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a Q-switched and three-color operation of Neodymium-doped silica all-fiber laser is realized, in which, a few-layer transition metal dichalcogenides WS2 is pioneered to be used as a saturable absorber (SA). The compact and simple linear cavity contains homemade fiber mirrors by directly depositing a multilayer coating the SiO2/Ta2O5 dielectric films on fiber end-face. In particular, by inserting the WS2-SA into the FP laser cavity, it is found that a stable Q-switching operation was achieved with the higher signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) of 60.76 dB, and the shortest pulse duration of 990 ns, as well as the maximum repetition rate of 124.4 kHz. Meanwhile, the maximum average output power and maximum pulse energy are close to 8.9 mW and 71.5 nJ, respectively. This is, the first demonstration of compact WS2-based neodymium-doped all-fiber laser operation at 1081.9, 1091.3 and 1100.1 nm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inter-species somatic cell nuclear transfer (iSCNT) is significant in the study of biological problems such as embryonic genome activation and the mitochondrial function of embryos. Here, we used iSCNT as a model to determine whether abnormal embryo genome activation was caused by mitochondrial dysfunction. First, we found the ovine-bovine iSCNT embryos were developmentally blocked at the 8-cell stage. The reactive oxygen species level, mitochondrial membrane potential, and ATP level in ovine-bovine cloned embryos were significantly different from both bovine-bovine and IVF 8-cell stage embryos. RNA sequencing and q-PCR analysis revealed that mitochondrial transport, mitochondrial translational initiation, mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit, and mitochondrial outer membrane genes were abnormally expressed in the ovine-bovine embryos, and the mitochondrial outer membrane and mitochondrial ribosome large subunit genes, mitochondrial fusion gene 1, and ATPase Na+/K+ transporting subunit beta 3 gene were expressed at lower levels in the ovine-bovine cloned embryos. Furthermore, we found that overexpression and knockdown of Mfn1 significantly affected mitochondrial fusion and subsequent biological functions such as production of ATP, mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species and gene expressions in cloned embryos. These findings enhance our understanding of the mechanism by which the Mfn1 gene regulates embryonic development and embryonic genome activation events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coordination environment of photocatalytic active sites is determined by the type of surface termination on an α-SnWO4 semiconductor. However, the stability of these surface terminations has not been thoroughly explored. In this work, the stability of the α-SnWO4(010) surface termination was studied using a thermodynamic analysis based on density functional theory (DFT). Under appropriate thermodynamic equilibrium conditions, it is possible to stabilize the O–W, O–Sn, R–OOSn and ST3 terminations of the α-SnWO4(010) surface. The electronic structures of these three potential stable surface terminations are also calculated using a Heyd–Scuseria–Ernzerhof (HSE06) hybrid functional to determine the conceivable bandgap values. It is found that there are numerous surface states in the bandgap of these terminations. This is due to the evident reconstruction of these terminations after geometry optimization. In addition, work functions are substantially different for possible surface terminations. The results suggest that Z-scheme heterostructures based on SnWO4 can be regulated by securing the thermodynamically favorable surface terminations under suitable physical/chemical conditions. At last, O–Sn termination exhibits a low overpotential value of 0.51 V, showing remarkable oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance among all stable surface terminations considered in this work. Our study may help explore the intrinsic surface properties of SnWO4, which will be a viable strategy for developing SnWO4-based photocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The low-grade bauxite in southern Shanxi Province, China is enriched in multiple critical metal elements, including Li, Ga, V, Se, and rare earth elements (REEs), which have reached the standard of comprehensive utilization as independent deposits or associated resources. Even more importantly, identifying the modes of occurrence of these critical elements is essential for designing technologies to extract critical metals from bauxite ores. This study used a combination of direct (X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and micro-X-ray fluorescence spectrometer), and indirect (size sieving method, float-sink experiment, and correlation analysis) methods to effectively reveal the distribution of critical elements in the different identified mineral phases. The results regarding the low-grade bauxite are as follows: Li was mainly hosted in cookeite as an independent mineral; Ga was mainly associated with diaspore; anatase is the main carrier mineral for V; REEs were present in the low-grade bauxite in multiples modes of occurrence, the most common of which were goyazite, and to a lesser extent, florencite; Se primarily occurs in sulfides. This study contributes to the development and utilization of these essential metal resources in bauxite by providing a useful reference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preparation of isosorbide from cellulose by a catalytic one‐pot method under hydrothermal conditions is studied. Phosphate tantalum (TaOPO4) was prepared and used as support for the preparation of Ni/TaOPO4 via impregnation of Ni. The catalyst was characterized by X‐ray diffraction, H2‐TPR, NH3‐TPD, pyridine FTIR and Raman spectroscopy analysis. Results showed that the 5Ni/TaOPO4 (5 % loading of Ni) with a Brønsted/Lewis site (B/L) ratio of 0.153 showed the best catalytic performance and the total yields of sorbitol and isosorbide from cellulose reached 43 % under the conditions of 200 °C and 3 MPa H2 for 24 h. Both Lewis and Brønsted acid sites played crucial roles for the decomposition and dehydration reactions. The synergy of surface acid sites and reduction sites enhanced the cascade dehydration and hydrogenation reactions during the conversion of cellulose to isosorbide. This research is expected to broach a solution for the development of novel solid acid catalysts for the conversion of sugars into platform compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is known for its high drug resistance. The tumor-immune crosstalk mediated by the epigenetic regulation of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification has been demonstrated in recent studies. Therefore, m6A modification-mediated immune cell infiltration characteristics may be helpful to guide immunotherapy for ccRCC. Methods: This study comprehensively analyzed m6A modifications using the clinical parameters, single-cell RNA sequencing data, and bulk RNA sequencing data from the TCGA-ccRC cohort and 13 external validation cohorts. A series of bioinformatic approaches were applied to construct an m6A regulator prognostic risk score (MRPRS) to predict survival and immunotherapy response in ccRCC patients. Immunological characteristics, enriched pathways, and mutation were evaluated in high- and low-MRPRS groups. Results: The expressional alteration landscape of m6A regulators was profiled in ccRCC cell clusters and tissue. The 8 regulator genes with minimal lambda were integrated to build an MRPRS, and it was positively correlated with immunotherapeutic response in extent validation cohorts. The clinicopathological features and immune infiltration characteristics could be distinguished by the high- and low-MRPRS. Moreover, the MRPRS-mediated mutation pattern has an enhanced response to immune checkpoint blockade in the ccRCC and pan-cancer cohorts. Conclusions: The proposed MRPRS is a promising biomarker to predict clinical outcomes and therapeutic responses in ccRCC patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IHNV is a virus that infects salmonids and causes serious economic damage to the salmonid farming industry. There is no specific treatment for the disease caused by this pathogen and the main preventive measure is vaccination, but this is only possible for small groups of individuals. Therefore, it is important to investigate new oral vaccines to prevent IHNV. In this study, the CK6 chemokine protein of rainbow trout and the truncated G protein of IHNV were used to construct a secretory expression recombinant L.casei vaccine for rainbow trout. The results showed that the levels of IgM and IgT antibodies in rainbow trout reached the highest level on the 15th day after the secondary immunization, and the antibodies exhibited high inhibitory activity against viral infection. Furthermore, the expression of relevant cytokines in different tissues was detected and found to be significantly higher in the oral vaccine group than in the control group. It was also found that pPG-612-CK6-G/ L.casei 393 could stimulate splenic lymphocyte proliferation and improve mucosal immunity with significant differences between the immunized and control groups. When infected with IHNV, the protection rate of pPG-612-CK6-G/ L.casei 393 was 66.67% higher than that of the control group. We found that pPG-612-CK6-G/ L.casei 393 expressed and secreted the rainbow trout chemokine CK6 protein and IHNV truncated G protein, retaining the original immunogenicity of rainbow trout while enhancing their survival rate. This indicates that recombinant L.casei provides a theoretical basis and rationale for the development of an oral vaccine against IHNV and has important practical implications for the protection of rainbow trout from IHNV infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tumor metabolism plays a critical role in tumor progression. However, the interaction between metabolism and tumor microenvironment (TME) has not been comprehensively revealed in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD). We used unsupervised consensus clustering to establish three molecular subtypes (clusters) based on the enrichment score of four major metabolism pathways in TCGA-COAD dataset. GSE17536 was used as a validation dataset. Single-cell RNA sequencing data (GSE161277) was employed to further verify the reliability of subtyping and characterize the correlation between metabolism and TME. Three clusters were identified and they performed distinct prognosis and molecular features. Clust3 had the worst overall survival and the highest enrichment score of glycolysis. 86 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, in which 11 DEGs were associated with favorable prognosis and 75 DEGs were associated with poor prognosis. Striking correlations were observed between hypoxia and glycolysis, clust3 and hypoxia, and clust3 and angiogenesis (P < 0.001).We constructed a molecular subtyping system which was effective and reliable for predicting COAD prognosis. The 86 identified key DEGs may be greatly involved in COAD progression, and they provide new perspectives and directions for further understanding the mechanism of metabolism in promoting aggressive phenotype by interacting with TME. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chinese Yellow Cattle, an ancient and domesticated breed for draft service, provide unique animal genetic resources with excellent genetic features, including crude feed tolerance, good stress resistance, strong adaptability, and tender meat quality; however, their production performance and meat yield are significantly inferior. Herein, the myostatin gene (MSTN), a negative regulator of skeletal muscle development, was knocked out by CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Eight MSTN gene-edited bull calves (MT) were born, and six of them are well-developed. Compared with the control cattle (WT), the growth trait indexes of MT cattle were generally increased, and the hindquarters especially were significantly improved. The biochemical indexes and the semen characteristics demonstrated that MT bulls were healthy and fertile. Consistent with our conjecture, the wobble and beating of MT bull spermatozoa were significantly higher than that of WT. Nine sperm motility-related proteins and nineteen mitochondrial-related proteins were identified by up-regulation in MT bull spermatozoa using FLQ proteomic technique and act to govern sperm flagellum assembly, organization, and beating and provide sufficient energy for sperm motility. The current study confirmed that the MSTN gene-edited Chinese Yellow cattle have improved growth traits and normal fertility, which can be used for beef cattle production and breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cyberattacks have emerged as novel threats to modern power systems. By exploiting the vulnerabilities of insecure devices, an attacker can inject viruses to lurk and collect system conditions through sniffing and then launch well‐designed attacks. Collaboratively applying bilateral cyber‐physical information can help to detect anomalous system states caused by sniffing, which can isolate virus impacts on the cyber side and ensure the stable operation of power systems. Here, a dynamic weight ensemble isolation forest algorithm is proposed to mine anomaly system states utilizing bilateral information based on the hypothesis that the fused cyber‐physical system state under assault has the shortest average path length in a constructed random forest. In addition, the proposed algorithm is able to realize improved performance in power system anomaly status mining and adapt to constantly changing power systems. The method is verified by simulations on a co‐simulation platform. The results show that the method outperforms other anomaly detection methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: GNG4, a member of the G-protein γ family, is a marker of poor overall survival (OS) rates in some malignancies. However, the potential role of GNG4 in bladder cancer (BLCA) is unknown. It is also unclear whether GNG4 may be utilized as a marker to guide chemotherapy or immunotherapy. Methods: Single-cell RNA sequencing data were used to explore the expression of GNG4 in tumor microenvironment of BLCA. Bulk RNA sequencing data from TCGA were used to evaluate the relationship between GNG4 expression and biological features, such as immune cell infiltrations and gene mutations. The associations between GNG4 expression and survival in BLCA patients under or not under immunotherapy were evaluated using seven BLCA cohorts. Results: GNG4 was specifically expressed in exhausted CD4+ T cells. And the high expression of the GNG4 was associated with high level of immune cell infiltration. The high-GNG4-expression group displayed a better response to immunotherapy, whereas patients in the low-GNG4-expression group often benefited from chemotherapy. Moreover, the high-GNG4 group was more similar to the basal group, whereas the low-GNG4 group was similar to the luminal group. Conclusions: GNG4 may be a potential biomarker for the prediction of the response to therapy in BLCA. Higher GNG4 expression can be used as a predictor of response to immunotherapy, and lower GNG4 expression can be used as a predictor of response to chemotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]