Search

Sustainable and green waste management has become increasingly crucial due to the rising volume of waste driven by urbanization and population growth. Deep learning models based on image recognition offer potential for advanced waste classification and recycling methods. However, traditional image recognition approaches usually rely on single-label images, neglecting the complexity of real-world waste occurrences. Moreover, there is a scarcity of recognition efforts directed at actual municipal waste data, with most studies confined to laboratory settings. Therefore, we introduce an efficient Query2Label (Q2L) framework, powered by the Vision Transformer (ViT-B/16) as its backbone and complemented by an innovative asymmetric loss function, designed to effectively handle the complexity of multi-label waste image classification. Our experiments on the newly developed municipal waste dataset "Garbage In, Garbage Out", which includes 25,000 street-level images, each potentially containing up to four types of waste, showcase the Q2L framework's exceptional ability to identify waste types with an accuracy exceeding 92.36%. Comprehensive ablation experiments, comparing different backbones, loss functions, and models substantiate the efficacy of our approach. Our model achieves superior performance compared to traditional models, with a mean average precision increase of up to 2.39% when utilizing the asymmetric loss function, and switching to ViT-B/16 backbone improves accuracy by 4.75% over ResNet-101. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The composite bolted joints are the weak points of overall structure, lacking an effective and accurate monitoring method. In this paper, a novel MXene/CNTs film sensor with high sensitivity and stability was synthesized for the damage evolution monitoring of composite bolted joints. The correlation between the response signals of the sensors and the mechanical behaviors of the composite structures is established. Based on this research, the damage evolution monitoring and failure level evaluation of composite bolted joints were studied. The damage properties of the composite bolted joints can be reflected in real‐time by the resistance change rates of the sensors. The experimental results show that the failure level of composite bolted joints can be divided into four levels (I‐II‐III‐IV) according to the resistance change rates of sensors. Especially when the damage extended to the III stage, the ∆R/R0 surged from 0.3 to 0.75. The time point of this step signal occurred about 1 min earlier than the time point of max bearing strength, which can effectively warn the occurrence of structural failure. Highlights: Research used high‐sensitivity MXene/CNTs sensor to monitor bolt structureSensor array can be integrated with the composite bolted structureStructural damage of composite bolted joints was accurately monitoredFailure level evaluation of composite bolted structure was achieved [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve the microwave absorbing performance, SiCN/MWCNT nanocomposites with different carboxylic functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT-COOH) contents (0 wt%, 2 wt%, 4 wt% and 8 wt%) were synthesized by single-source-precursor poly(methylvinyl)silazane (HTT1800) and polymer-derived ceramics method. The microwave absorbing performance of SiCN/MWCNT nanocomposites were investigated in the frequency range of 8.2–12.4 GHz with the thickness varied from 3.0 to 5.0 mm. The results showed that the minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of the sample of 10 wt% SiCN/MWCNT-8 mixed with paraffin wax reached − 30.34 dB with the thickness of 4.5 mm in the frequency of 11.45 GHz. The reason was that the introduction of MWCNT-COOH increased the interfacial polarization loss and the conduction loss of nanocomposites, improving microwave absorbing performance. The findings demonstrated that the synthesized SiCN/MWCNT nanocomposites possessed promising prospects as microwave absorbing materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on a 1000 MW Francis turbine and conducts a numerical analysis of the entire flow passage using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) under steady-state conditions. Building upon prior research, we further investigate the impact of an uneven gap distribution caused by radial co-directional installation deviations of 0.1 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.5 mm, 1.5 mm, and 2.5 mm on the pressures and radial forces at various locations of the turbine, including the upper crown chamber, the vaneless zone, and the bottom ring chamber, all under steady-state rated operating conditions. By examining the maximum and minimum pressure values under different conditions, we determined that different pressure reading methods should be applied to distinct surfaces. Additionally, we derived the patterns illustrating how different components are affected by radial installation deviations. The significance of this study lies in its comprehensive exploration of the influence of radial installation deviations on the performance of a Francis turbine, particularly under steady-state rated conditions. Through numerical analysis, we elucidated the specific effects of various deviation magnitudes on the pressures and radial forces at different turbine locations. These findings provide valuable insights for the optimization of turbine design and operation. The novelty of this work stems from its in-depth investigation of radial co-directional installation deviations and the extensive results obtained through numerical simulations. These results hold significant implications for improving turbine performance and reliability, surpassing previous efforts in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, Si3N4 and Zr(NO3)4 were used as raw materials to prepare ZrN/ZrO2‐containing Si3N4‐based ceramic composite. The processing, phase composition, and microstructure of the composite were investigated. Hardness and fracture toughness of the ceramics were evaluated via Vickers indentation in Ar at 25°C, 300°C, 600°C, and 900°C. During spark plasma sintering, Zr(NO3)4 was transformed into tetragonal ZrO2, which further reacted with Si3N4, resulting in the formation of ZrN. The introduction of ZrN enhanced the high‐temperature mechanical properties of the composite, and its hardness and fracture toughness reached 13.4 GPa and 6.1 MPa·m1/2 at 900°C, respectively. The oxidation experiment was carried out in air at 1000°C, 1300°C, and 1500°C for 5 h. It was shown that high‐temperature oxidation promoted the formation and growth of porous oxide layers. The microstructure and phase composition of the formed oxide layers were investigated in detail. Finally, it was identified that the obtained composite exhibited a higher thermal diffusivity than that of monolithic Si3N4 in the temperature range of 100°C–1000°C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Composite structures are sensitive to impact damage in practical engineering. Electric resistance change method (ERCM) is an ideal technique for damage monitoring of composite structures. Due to the anisotropy of fiber-resin matrix composites, impact location monitoring is difficult, and research on impact location of fiber composite laminates (FRPs) is limited. A preparation method of MXene/CNT/CuNps thin film sensor is proposed. According to the modeling simulation and theoretical calculation, the resistance change characteristics of the thin film sensor are obtained, the relationship between the impact distance and the resistance change is established, and the sensor array is designed. A three-point localization algorithm and a weight function compensation localization algorithm are proposed, which can improve the imaging accuracy of the impact position. The impact point location was observed and analyzed using ultrasonic C-scan technology. The results show that the weight function compensation positioning algorithm can accurately locate the impact of the composite structure, and the error in the X direction is 7.1%, the error in the Y direction is 0.03%, which verifies the effectiveness of the method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flexible piezoelectric pressure sensors have a great application prospect in wearable electronic products due to the advantages of low cost, fast response speed and a self-powered system. However, traditional films based on piezoelectric ceramic/polymer materials face problems such as poor dispersion and insufficient polarization, which hinder the piezoelectric performance of pressure sensors. In this work, MXene was introduced to modify the surface of barium titanate (BaTiO3), which was blended with poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) (PVDF-TrFE) matrix. An electrospinning method was adapted to fabricate BaTiO3/MXene/PVDF-TrFE composite films. This work proposed a new microscopic sensing mechanism. In addition, this MXene-modification strategy could improve the dispersion of BaTiO3 into the PVDF-TrFE matrix, increase the polarization efficiency and enhance the piezoelectric performance of the sensors. The results showed that the composite film with 0.15 wt% MXene could achieve a remarkable output voltage of 7.6 V. In addition, the tensile strength of the composite film with 0.15 wt% MXene (20.8 MPa) was 77.8% higher than that without MXene (11.7 MPa). Meanwhile, the β phase content of the composite film could reach 81.04%, and the crystallinity increased from 39.49% to 50.31%. The fabricated piezoelectric pressure sensor had a wide detection range (0.2–400 kPa) and a short response time (56 ms). Besides, even after undergoing over 5000 compression cycles, it maintained a stable piezoelectric response. This pressure sensor could quickly respond to joint movements and strenuous exercises in humans. Therefore, this pressure sensor showed great advantages and potential in the application of human motion monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The proliferation of electronic devices and wireless communication is leading to serious electromagnetic (EM) interference. In this work, Ti3C2/cement composites were developed as high efficiency EM functional materials by introducing exfoliated Ti3C2Tx MXene with cement for green buildings with EM shielding function. In the composites, few‐layered Ti3C2 MXene were dispersed homogeneously throughout the cement matrix. The EM properties of the composites were studied as a function of the MXene content. With increasing MXene content, real and imaginary part of permittivity was significantly improved owing to the polarization and electrical conduction caused by the MXene phase. Composites with 15 wt.% MXene showed good EM absorbing properties with a maximum effective absorbing bandwidth of 2.67 GHz. Strong EM shielding can be achieved when MXene content increased to 25 wt.%. The EM shielding effectiveness of such composites was higher than 22.0 dB, and the dominating shielding mechanism was EM absorption. This work finds new materials for the development of advanced green buildings with EM shielding function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasing application of composite materials in the industry, the repair of damaged composite materials has gradually become a research focus. In this article, the traditional scarf repairing laminate was stitched with carbon fiber line to check the influence of stitch on repair efficiency. The traditional Buckypaper sensors and the novel MXene sensors were used to conduct real‐time structural health monitoring of the specimen, and the results were compared with X‐ray monitoring. The experimental results show that the breaking strength of the stitch repaired specimen is 21.2% higher than that of the traditional scarf repaired specimen. Both kinds of sensors can monitor the load of the specimen in real‐time. As the force is transferred, the resistance change rate (∆R/R0) of the Buckypaper sensors varies by up to 0.045, while the ∆R/R0 of the MXene sensors varies by up to 0.7. The resistance change of the sensors can also reflect the initiation of damage. The sudden change in ∆R/R0 of 0.01 can be monitored on the specimen in the crack initiation stage. Through the X‐ray nondestructive testing method, it can be confirmed that both kinds of sensors are suitable for structural health monitoring, and the sensitivity of the MXene sensors is much higher. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, although aqueous zinc ion batteries have caused widespread concerns, the pieces of research on new anode materials are still very limited. And herein, monoclinic MoOx anode material with impressive properties for rechargeable aqueous zinc ion batteries is synthesized by a facile N-methylpyrrolidone-assisted wet-chemical method for the first time. The monoclinic MoOx anode material delivers high initial discharge/charge capacities of 233.7/203.7 mAh g−1 at a current density of 0.5 A g−1. What is more, even at an extremely high current density of 20 A g−1, high initial discharge/charge capacities of 173.3/122.2 mAh g−1 can be still exhibited, and the highest charge capacity of 145.0 mAh g−1, which corresponds to a discharge capacity of 146.7 mAh g−1 is delivered at the 8th cycle. Furthermore, the anode material could still work effectively even after 40,000 cycles at 20 A g−1 that considerable discharge/charge capacities of 38.3/38.3 mAh g−1 can be still exhibited. The significance of the rational designing the ratio between the cathode material mass and the monoclinic MoOx anode mass is also illustrated here, and it is found the optimized cell (cathode: anode mass ratio of 2:1) exhibits great electrochemical properties enhancement including higher capacity, better rate property, and better cycle ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, owing to the high theoretical capacity and safety, zinc-ion energy storage devices have been known as one of the most prominent energy storage devices. However, the lack of ideal electrode materials remains a crucial hindrance to developing zinc-ion energy storage devices. MXene is an ideal electrode material due to its ultra-high conductivity, particular sheet structure and unique physical and chemical properties, and it has shown excellent performance in practical applications. Therefore, this review briefly introduces the basic information about MXenes and details the applications of MXene in zinc-ion batteries and zinc-ion hybrid capacitors in recent years. Finally, the application characteristics of MXene in zinc-ion energy storage devices are summarized and an outlook is given. This paper highlights the features and advantages of zinc-ion energy storage devices more by comparing them with other energy storage devices, to provide a comprehensive reference for scholars in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High‐performance electrode materials are the key to advances in the energy storage area. 2D transition metal carbide Ti3C2TX is the most widely studied MXene with a unique two‐dimensional structure, exhibiting excellent electrochemical properties and becoming a new choice electrode material for supercapacitors in many studies However, the poor mechanical properties of pure the Ti3C2TX film has become the bottlenecks for the application. Ti3C2TX with less Li+ was prepared by proton acid colloid treatment, and then the single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were used as interlayer barriers in the films to prevent Ti3C2TX layers from restacking to prepare Ti3C2TX and SWCNTs composite films. The composite films were tested and analyzed by different electrochemical techniques. The results showed that the film formed by MXene colloidal filtration after proton acid treatment was denser and the electrical conductivity reached 608700 S/m, which was 3.2 times higher than that of the original Ti3C2TX film. The composite film was prepared by mixing MXene colloidal proton acid treatment and SWCNTs, followed by filtration showd good capacitive capacity, reaching 270.5 F/g by testing in the 1 m H2SO4 electrolyte with the CV cycle of 5 mV/s. And the specific capacitance retention reaches 97.6 % under 5000 CV cycles. The tensile test of composite film shows that the ultimate strength up to 50.3 MPa, which is about 2.3 times compared to original Ti3C2TX film. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a novel sensor with high sensitivity and linear was prepared based on two-dimensional (2D) material (MXene) and ink, which can be used for deformation and damage monitoring of structural composites. The MXene was efficiently prepared by etching Ti3AlC2 powder with LiF–HCl solution and subsequent vacuum drying. The viscosity and adhesion of MXene/ink composites were controlled by changing the ratio of solvent (dimethyl sulfoxide) to ink. The MXene/ink was printed on the surface of the composite material to avoid forming defects in the composite material. The percolation threshold of the MXene/ink nanocomposite was relatively low, 3.6wt%. In this paper, MXene/ink composites with different contents were selected as the sensor, and the characteristics of the sensor were verified through monotone stretch and cyclic load-and-unload tests. When the MXene content just exceeds the percolation threshold (4wt%), the gauge factor (GF) of the sensor is higher, the results of monotonic tensile experiment show that there are two different sensitive stages of linear change (0 ~ 0.477%) and (0.477 ~ 1.37%), and the range GF is116.6 and 554.3, respectively. In addition, the linear relationship and sensitivity of the sensor remained stable after loading and unloading tensile tests. MXene/ink sensor has a broad application prospect in damage monitoring of aerospace structural composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a rubber composite was prepared based on two-dimensional (2D) material (MXene) and ethylene propylene diene rubber (EPDM). The MXene was efficiently prepared by etching Ti3AlC2 powder with LiF-HCl solution and subsequent vacuum drying, and the dispersion of MXene in EPDM was improved by optimizing the grinding process, ultrasonic stripping and stirring method. In the process of exploring the electrical conductivity of this material system, the composite exhibits low percolation threshold of 2.7 wt%, a high conductivity of 106 Sm−1 and superior thermal conductivity of 1.57 W/m K at the MXene content of 6 wt%. In addition, MXene (6 wt%)/EPDM with 0.3-mm thick exhibits an EMI shielding performances (SE) up to 48 dB in the X-band (8.2–12.4 GHz) and 52 dB in the Ku-band (12.4–18 GHz) (SE) which are much better than the electromagnetic shielding properties of other rubber blends, and these properties indicate MXene/EPDM composite has great potential for versatile applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the first time, single-source-precursor synthesized dense monolithic SiC/HfCxN1−x/C ceramic nanocomposites with outstanding electromagnetic (EM) shielding performance at temperatures up to 600 °C are reported. The total shielding effectiveness (SET) of the SiC/HfCxN1−x/C monolith is >40 dB at 600 °C, which is superior than most of the reported EM shielding materials under the same conditions. Compared with a Hf-free SiC/C monolith, the SiC/HfCxN1−x/C monolith possesses superior EM shielding performance due to the presence of a highly conductive HfCxN1−x phase. Moreover, the HfCxN1−x-particles are covered by a carbon layer forming core–shell nanoparticles connected with graphite-like carbon ribbons, which result in electrically conductive networks within the semiconducting β-SiC matrix. In addition, the hardness, Young's modulus and flexural strength of the dense SiC/HfCxN1−x/C monolith are measured to be 29 ± 4 GPa, 381 ± 29 GPa and 320 ± 25 MPa, respectively. The outstanding EM shielding performance combined with excellent mechanical properties of the dense monolithic SiC/HfCxN1−x/C nanocomposites provides a novel strategy to fabricate EM shielding materials for applications in harsh environments and/or under high mechanical load. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novel single-source-precursors (SSPs), namely carbon nanotube modified poly (methylvinyl) silazane (CNTs-HTT 1800), were synthesized via amidation reaction of poly (methylvinyl) silazane (HTT 1800) with carboxylic acid functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs-COOH) at the assistance of ZnCl2 catalyst, which was confirmed by means of Fourier transform infrared spectra ( FT IR) and transmission electron microscopy ( TEM). Besides, the TEM results unambiguously show the homogeneous distribution of the CNTs in the matrix of SSPs while serious aggregation of the CNTs in the matrix of physically-blended-precursor. Crack-free monolithic silicon carbonitride modified by carbon nanotubes ceramic nanocomposites ( CNTs-Si CN) were prepared through pyrolysis of the obtained SSP green bodies at 1000°C. Due to the strong influence of polymer structure on the microstructure of final ceramics, the SSP-derived CNTs-Si CN nanocomposites clearly show the homogeneous distribution of the CNTs in the Si CN matrix while the physically-blended-precursor derived CNTs-Si CN nanocomposites exhibit serious aggregation and entangling of the CNTs in the Si CN matrix. With the same CNT content in the feed, the SSP-derived CNTs-Si CN nanocomposites possess significant improvements of electromagnetic ( EM) absorbing properties compared to those from physically-blended-precursors, due to the quality of the dispersion of CNTs in the ceramic matrices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single-source-precursors (SSPs) have been synthesized through chemical modification of poly(methylvinyl)silazane (HTT 1800) with graphene oxide (GO) via an amidation reaction catalyzed by ZnCl2. With the formation of an SSP, the restacking of GO was effectively prevented by the HTT 1800 grafted at the surface of GO. After pyrolysis of warm-pressed green bodies comprising the SSP, GO-HTT 1800, monolithic silicon carbonitride (SiCN) ceramic nanocomposites containing in situ thermally reduced graphene oxide (RGO), namely RGO–SiCN, were successfully prepared. The resultant RGO–SiCN nanocomposites possess versatile electromagnetic (EM) properties ranging from EM absorbing to shielding behavior. With 2.5 wt% GO in the feed, the final RGO–SiCN nanocomposite exhibits an outstanding minimal reflection coefficient (RCmin) of −62.1 dB at 9.0 GHz, and the effective absorption bandwidth reaches 3.0 GHz with a sample thickness of 2.10 mm. With the same GO content, the resultant RGO–SiCN nanocomposite prepared by mechanical blending exhibits a far inferior RCmin of −8.2 dB. This finding strongly supports the advantage of the developed SSP route suitable for the fabrication of RGO–SiCN nanocomposites with significantly enhanced EM properties. With 12.0 wt% GO content in the feed, the obtained RGO–SiCN nanocomposite reveals an excellent shielding effectiveness of 41.2 dB with a sample thickness of 2.00 mm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 2:17 type Sm-Co sintered magnets were made with strips and ingots, separately. The phase structure and microstructure of the cast alloys and their effects on magnetic properties of the magnets have been comparatively studied. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that the phase structure of strips and ingots both consist of \TbCu7-type phase with a little \CaCu5-type phase. Scanning electron microscopy research shows that the microstructure of strips is composed of dendritic crystal grains which are larger than 10~\mu \m in cross section and less than 4~\mu \m in the free side, whereas, the grain size of ingots is larger than 40~\mu \m. Higher remanence and maximum magnetic energy product are observed in magnets made with ingots (IM) than that made with strips (SM), which is due to low grain alignment degree of the magnets made with strips. In order to increase the grain alignment degree of magnets made with strips, the powder particle size has been reduced. Fruitfully, the remanence and the maximum energy products gradually increase with decreasing the powder particle size. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this work, multi-walled carbon nanotube composites (MWCNCs) were produced by catalytic pyrolysis of post-consumer plastics with aluminium oxide-supported nickel, cobalt, and their bimetallic (Ni/α–Al2O3, Co/α–Al2O3, and NiCo/α–Al2O3) oxide-based catalysts. The influence of catalyst composition and catalytic reaction temperature on the carbon yield and structure of CNCs were investigated. Different temperatures (800, 900, 950, and 1000 °C) and catalyst compositions (Ni, Co, and Ni/Co) were explored to maximize the yield of carbon deposited on the catalyst. The obtained results showed that at the same catalytic temperature (900 °C), a Ni/Co bimetallic catalyst exhibited higher carbon yield than the individual monometallic catalysts due to a better cracking capability on carbon-hydrogen bonds. With the increase of temperature, the carbon yield of the Ni/Co bimetallic catalyst increased first and then decreased. At a temperature of 950 °C, the Ni/Co bimetallic catalyst achieved its largest carbon yield, which can reach 255 mg g−1plastic. The growth of CNCs followed a "particle-wire-tube" mechanism for all studied catalysts. This work finds the potential application of complex oxide composite material catalysts for the generation of CNCs in catalytic pyrolysis of wasted plastic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Chinese government announced the Clean Energy Heating Program in northern China in 2017, promoting clean energy for residents' winter heating. The key difficulty of implementing this policy initiative lies in rural areas. This research hence focuses on evaluating the implementation of this policy in rural areas. Rural residents who directly benefit from, and are integrally involved in, the implementation process in Shandong Province were surveyed to evaluate their satisfaction with this policy. In order to identify their satisfaction indicators and obstacle factors, a TOPSIS obstacle model adjusted by entropy weight was developed. An evaluation system of the indicators of residents' satisfaction with the policy was developed and converted into a questionnaire. The designed questionnaire was distributed to 341 rural residents in Jinan, Zibo and Heze in Shandong province. Data analysis suggests that, at the fiscal subsidies level, supporting infrastructure, technical supports and support organizations are four important factors affecting rural residents' satisfaction. The key obstacle factors identified include technical support, supporting infrastructure, the operation subsidies level, heating cost, period of subsidies and achieved temperature. Corresponding suggestions for further clean energy heating policy design and implementation in rural areas in northern China are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Bohai Strait is the only channel that allows material exchanges between the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea. It is also the only channel for the transportation of materials from the Yellow River to the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea. The supply of suspended sediment from the Bohai Sea plays a decisive role in the evolution of the mud area in the northern Yellow Sea and even the muddy area in the southern Yellow Sea. Previous studies have demonstrated that sediment exchange through the Bohai Strait occurs mainly in winter, but due to the lack of long-term observational data, changes in the sediment flux over multiple years have not been studied. In this paper, based on L1B data from the MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) -Aqua satellite, an interannual time series of the suspended sediment concentration (SSC) at each depth layers in the Bohai Strait in winter was established through 16 cruises that benefited from the complete vertical mixing water in the strait in winter. The numerical model FVCOM, (Finite-Volume Community Ocean Model) which is forced by the hourly averaged wind field, reflected the effect of winter gales. With the model simulated winter current from 2002 to the present and the SSC at each layer, multi-year winter suspended sediment flux data were obtained for the Bohai Strait. This study found that in the winter, the suspended sediment output from the Bohai Sea to the Yellow Sea through the southern part of the Bohai Strait, while the suspended sediment input from the Yellow Sea to the Bohai Sea is through the northern part. In terms of long-term changes, the net flux ranged between 1.22 to 2.70 million tons in winter and showed a weak downward trend. The output flux and input flux both showed an upward trend, but the increase rate of the input flux was 51,100 tons/year, which was higher than the increase of the output flux rate (46,100 tons/year). These changes were mainly controlled by the increasing strength of east component of winter wind. And the weak decrease in net flux is controlled by the difference of output and input flux. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to save heavy rare earth Dy in NdFeB production. By ways of optimizing preparation process and replacing Nd with Pr, Dy-free magnet with high coercivity was successfully prepared, the nominal composition is Pr14B6Co2.2Cu0.2Al1Fe76.7 (at %). The effect of Pr on magnetic performance and microstructure of the magnet were investigated systemically, alloy Nd13.65B6Co2.2Cu0.2Al1Fe76.9 (at %) was prepared by the same preparation process as comparison. The results indicated that magnet Pr14B6Co2.2Cu0.2Al1Fe76.7 has much higher coercivity than that of magnet Nd13.65B6Co2.2Cu0.2Al1Fe76.9. Microstructure investigation showed that the presence of small grains, thin and smooth RE-rich film, associated with higher coercivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC) is a rare and distinct subtype of primary lung cancer characterized by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. Herein, we reported the mutational landscape of pulmonary LELC using whole-exome sequencing, targeted deep sequencing and single-nucleotide polymorphism arrays. We identify a low degree of somatic mutation but widespread existence of copy number variations. We reveal predominant signature 2 mutations and frequent loss of type I interferon genes that are involved in the host-virus counteraction. Integrated analysis shows enrichment of genetic lesions affecting several critical pathways, including NF-κB, JAK/STAT, and cell cycle. Notably, multi-dimensional comparison unveils that pulmonary LELC resemble NPC but are clearly different from other lung cancers, natural killer/T-cell lymphoma or EBV-related gastric cancer in terms of genetic features. In all, our study illustrates a distinct genomic landscape of pulmonary LELC and provides a road map to facilitate genome-guided personalized treatment. The rare lung cancer subtype pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma is linked to Epstein-Barr virus infection. Here, the authors provide a mutational landscape for this cancer, showing a low burden of somatic mutations and high prevalence of copy number variations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]