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Copper/graphite (Cu/graphite) composite is a kind of copper composite by adding graphite particles to the copper matrix, and it may have good thermal conductivity and good lubricity simultaneously. In this work, we try to prepare the copper/graphite composite with super-large sized graphite particles (about 1500 μm in particle size), in order to make the preparation process simpler and more efficient. For obtaining the finished product with excellent properties, the inherent characters of the composite were investigated under different processing conditions. The influences of different technological processing parameters were observed and analyzed on the internal structure, linear shrinkage rate and bulk density of the composite. The results show that the linear shrinkage rate of the composite product with super-large sized graphite particles is obviously higher than that with smaller graphite particles, of which the particle sizes are about 720 and 120 μm, respectively. The results also indicate that the graphite content and graphite particle size are the main factors to affect the inner structure of copper/graphite composite, while the sintering temperature and sintering period have a little effect on the structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There have been some previous studies on the acoustic properties of metal foams, with the main relevant works focused on the aluminum foam, but quite fewer on the metal foams of non-aluminum species. Such research, especially, has not yet been found on the stainless steel foam, of which the pore-structure related parameters and the morphology are quite different from the aluminum foam. The present work provides the investigations on the sound absorption performance of the 304 stainless steel foam and its composite structure. A sort of three-dimensional reticular stainless steel foam was successfully prepared, with the average pore size of about 1.8 mm and the porosity of about 93.7%. The sound absorption performance was investigated at 200–6300 Hz for this foam and at 2500–4000 Hz for its composite structures. The results show the whole absorption performance of the sample can be significantly improved by introducing an air gap, and further improved with introduction of both the gap and a perforated plate. It was found that when the thickness of the gap increased (from 3.5 to 17.5 mm), the resultant change of the resonance frequency of the sample could lead to a decrease of the absorption coefficient at a certain frequency range, and the total absorption efficiency could be significantly increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To describe the characteristics and factors which may influence the maternal outcomes of maternal cardiac arrest (MCA).Design: Retrospective analysis of cases.Setting: China.Population or Sample: A total of 61 MCA patients admitted or transferred to The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from January 2000 to December 2019.Methods: Clinical data for MCA were analysed retrospectively. The indicators included maternal age; BMI; gestational age; antenatal examination; income; MCA cause and place; cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR); mode of delivery; maternal prognosis; and neonatal outcome.Main Outcome Measures: The impact of case characteristics on maternal prognosis of MCA.Results: The hospital received 61 patients with MCA, 36 of whom died (mortality 59.0%, 95% CI 46.3-71.7%). MCA was predominantly caused by treatable complications. Those who died were more likely to have collapsed in the ICU.Conclusions: Regular antenatal examination and early intervention can reduce the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes. The location of MCA occurred may be related to maternal prognosis. The leading causes of MCA were postpartum haemorrhage and amniotic fluid embolism.Tweetable Abstract: A retrospective analysis describes the correlation between case characteristics of MCA and maternal outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Firstly, the slurry coating process was carried out for the polymer foam, and then the coated foam was sintered at 1160–1400 °C to yield a reticular iron foam with the pore size of 0.5–2.0 mm and porosity of 75%–95%. After this, an iron foam sandwich structure was further obtained by thermal diffusion combination of the iron foam with the stainless steel sheet treated by a surface activation. The bonding strength of the metal face-sheet and the porous core was examined by testing three samples from sintering at 1300 °C and two samples from sintering at 1160 °C. The results show that the core of the sandwich structure is well metallurgically bonded with the metal face-sheet for the sample from sintering at 1300 °C for 2 h and can not for that from sintering at 1160 °C for the same period. The analysis reveals the vacuum degree of the present sintering system (i.e., the system pressure at room temperature is less than 5 × 10−2 Pa, and the maximum pressure may be up to 20–40 Pa during the high temperature sintering) can well prevent the oxidation of metal iron in the high temperature process of heat treatment. The face-sheet/foam-core bonding state in the sandwich structure is investigated, and the bonding strength is found to be higher than the tensile failure strength of the core foam itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide an investigation on a new kind of adsorbent materials, namely, the Prussian blue analog (PBA)-loaded albite-base porous ceramic foam, which can effectively adsorb the heavy metal ion in the wastewater.Design/methodology/approach The natural zeolite powder has been used as the primary raw material to make a sort of porous ceramic foam by impregnating polymer foam in slurry and then sintering. Adjusting the technological parameters could control the bulk density of the ceramic product, which could float on water with the bulk density less than 1 g/cm3 and also sink in water with the bulk density higher than 1 g/cm3. After desilicating the porous ceramic foam, an Al-Fe type PBA with a strong function of ion exchange was loaded on the ceramic surface by directly yielding.Findings The adsorption performance for harmful metal ions was greatly improved by combining together the high adsorption capability of the PB analog and the efficient high specific surface area of the porous ceramic foam.Originality/value This work presents a PBA-loaded albite-base porous ceramic foam that can effectively adsorb the harmful substance in water, and the adsorption efficiency for some typical harmful ions, i.e., Cd2+, Cs+ and As(V), was examined under different conditions of the experimental period, the pH value and the ion concentration in the tested solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the sound absorption by modeling for the aluminum foam produced by press infiltration casting.Design/methodology/approach First use Johnson-Allard-Champoux (JAC) model to calculate the sound absorption coefficient of the present aluminum foam, and then improve it after finding its deviation from the experimental data, so as to get an improved model that could have a good agreement with the experimental result.Findings Using JAC model to calculate the sound absorption coefficient of the present aluminum foam, it is found that the model may have a good agreement with the experimental data only for the sound wave frequency below the absorption peak frequency, but a large deviation from the experimental result for the sound wave frequency above this frequency.Originality/value Improving JAC model by means of two factors, i.e., the absorption peak frequency and the specific surface area, the resultant improved model could be in good agreement with the experimental data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – The samples of nickel foam with porosity of about 88 percent were uniaxially tensioned at room temperature, and the phenomena of tensile fracture were compared with that from the fully dense plate of metal nickel. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the differences between their behaviors of tensile fracture. Design/methodology/approach – The tensile test was carried out by using the tester of CMT-series microcomputer-controlled electronic universal testing machine. The difference of tensile fracture behavior between the nickel foam and the dense metal nickel was discussed by analyzing the load-displacement curve and the microscopical fracture. Findings – The results indicated that, nickel foam also displayed the feature of macroscopic plastic-deformation during tension, but it showed a macroscopic brittleness much more than that of the fully dense body. The axial apparent strain at the maximum load for the foamed sample was markedly less than that for the dense one. In addition, an obviously gradual course exhibited for the foamed body during tensile failure and a rapidly instant course for the dense body correspondingly. Originality/value – There have been some studies on the tensile behavior for metal foams, but much less than on the compression, and the relevant works are mostly for aluminum foam. The present work provides the investigations on the difference of tensile fracture behavior between the nickel foam and the dense metal nickel, as well as that of the corresponding samples in various cases with different tensile velocities. It is found that the porosity can make a remarkable decrease of the apparent strain at the maximum load and a significant increase of the macroscopical brittleness for the metallic nickel under tension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electrical characteristics of In0.53Ga0.47As MOSFET grown with Si interface passivation layer (IPL) and high k gate oxide HfO2 layer have been investigated in detail. The influences of Si IPL thickness, gate oxide HfO2 thickness, the doping depth, and concentration of source and drain layer on output and transfer characteristics of the MOSFET at fixed gate or drain voltages have been individually simulated and analyzed. The determination of the above parameters is suggested based on their effect on maximum drain current, leakage current, saturated voltage, and so forth. It is found that the channel length decreases with the increase of the maximum drain current and leakage current simultaneously. Short channel effects start to appear when the channel length is less than 0.9 μm and experience sudden sharp increases which make device performance degrade and reach their operating limits when the channel length is further lessened down to 0.5 μm. The results demonstrate the usefulness of short channel simulations for designs and optimization of next-generation electrical and photonic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Airborne observations from four flights during the 2008 Indirect and Semi-Direct Aerosol Campaign ( ISDAC) are used to examine some cloud-free optical, physical, and chemical properties of aerosol particles in the springtime Arctic troposphere. The number concentrations of particles larger than 0.12 µm ( Na>120), important for light extinction and cloud droplet formation, ranged from 15 to 2260 cm−3, with the higher Na>120 cases dominated by measurements from two flights of long-range transported biomass burning ( BB) aerosols. The two other flights examined here document a relatively clean aerosol and an Arctic Haze aerosol impacted by larger particles largely composed of dust. For observations from the cleaner case and the BB cases, the particle light scattering coefficients at low relative humidity ( RH<20%) increased nonlinearly with increasing Na>120, driven mostly by an increase in mean sizes of particles with increasing Na>120 ( BB cases). For those three cases, particle light absorption coefficients also increased nonlinearly with increasing Na>120 and linearly with increasing submicron particle volume concentration. In addition to black carbon, brown carbon was estimated to have increased light absorption coefficients by 27% (450 nm wavelength) and 14% (550 nm) in the BB cases. For the case with strong dust influence, the absorption relative to submicron particle volume was small compared with the other cases. There was a slight gradient of Passive Cavity Aerosol Spectrometer Probe ( PCASP) mean volume diameter ( MVD) towards smaller sizes with increasing height, which suggests more scavenging of the more elevated particles, consistent with a typically longer lifetime of particles higher in the atmosphere. However, in approximately 10% of the cases, the MVD increased (>0.4 µm) with increasing altitude, suggesting transport of larger fine particle mass (possibly coarse particle mass) at high levels over the Arctic. This may be because of transport of larger particles at higher elevations and relatively slow deposition to the surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ice fog and frost occur commonly (at least 26% of the time) in the northern latitudes and Arctic regions during winter at temperatures usually less than about -15°C. Ice fog is strongly related to frost formation-a major aviation hazard in the northern latitudes. In fact, it may be considered a more dangerous event than snow because of the stronger aircraft surface adhesion compared to snow particles. In the winter of 2010/11, the Fog Remote Sensing and Modeling-Ice Fog (FRAM-IF) project was organized near Yellowknife International Airport, Northwest Territories, Canada, with the main goals of advancing understanding of ice fog microphysical and visibility characteristics, and improving its prediction using forecast models and remotesensing retrievals. Approximately 40 different sensors were used to measure visibility, precipitation, ice particle spectra, vertical thermodynamic profiles, and ceiling height. Fog coverage and visibility parameters were estimated using both Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite observations. During this project, the inversion layer usually was below a height of 1.5 km. High humidity typically was close to the ground, frequently producing ice fog, frost, and light snow precipitation. At low temperatures, snow crystals can be swept away by a very low wind speed (∼1 m s−1). Ice fog during the project was not predicted by any forecast model. These preliminary results in the northern latitudes suggest that ice fog and frost studies, over the Arctic regions, can help us to better understand ice microphysical processes such as ice nucleation, visibility, and parameterizations of ice fog. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this work is to investigate the variability in the aerosol particle number concentration in Arctic spring. The Indirect and Semi-Direct Aerosol Campaign (ISDAC) was conducted during April 2008 in the vicinities of Fairbanks and Barrow, Alaska. Aircraft-based measurements of total aerosol particle number concentration ( Na) in the size range of 0.12-3 µm diameter were obtained using a passive cavity aerosol spectrometer probe (PCASP-100X). The analysis considers Na during cloud-free periods in biomass burning (BB) and non-BB aerosol loading scenarios, the latter including background cases and cases with elevated concentration in layers. The BB cases had air masses originating mainly from Russian and Asian forest and crop fires, whereas the non-BB cases originated predominantly from Arctic or oceanic regions. The average Na for all non-BB cases was 127 cm−3, while that for all BB cases was Na = 720 cm−3. These estimates do not, however, capture the details of aerosol particle layers encountered during most flights. Variability in Na was considered for constant altitude (horizontal) flight legs ranging from 50 to 650 km in length, as well as for vertical flight profiles up to 7 km above sea level. When aerosol particle layers were encountered, Na rapidly increased from 20 to 550 cm−3, and reached up to 2200 cm−3 within air masses dominated by BB plumes. The observed variability in Na may have important implications for estimating cloud microphysical properties as well as estimates of particle properties used in global climate model simulations, because averaging over large space- or time-scales may not represent real atmospheric conditions. The analysis demonstrates the difficulty in interpreting average aerosol particle characteristics along longer flight legs, particularly during cases with higher particle loading that varies over shorter distance scales and time periods. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society and Crown in the right of Canada. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As part of the BAQS-Met 2007 field campaign, Aerodyne time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometers (ToF-AMS) were deployed at two sites in southwestern Ontario from 17 June to 11 July 2007. One instrument was located at Harrow, ON, a rural, agriculture-dominated area approximately 40 km southeast of the Detroit/Windsor/Windsor urban area and 5 km north of Lake Erie. The second instrument was located at Bear Creek, ON, a rural site approximately 70 km northeast of the Harrow site and 50 km east of Detroit/Windsor. Positive matrix factorization analysis of the combined organic mass spectral dataset yields factors related to secondary organic aerosol (SOA), direct emissions, and a factor tentatively attributed to the reactive uptake of isoprene and/or condensation of its early generation reaction products. This is the first application of PMF to simultaneous AMS measurements at different sites, an approach which allows for self-consistent, direct comparison of the datasets. Case studies are utilized to investigate processing of SOA from (1) fresh emissions from Detroit/Windsor and (2) regional aerosol during periods of intersite flow. A strong correlation is observed between SOA/excess CO and photochemical age as represented by the NOx/NOy ratio for Detroit/Windsor outflow. Although this correlation is not evident for more aged air, measurements at the two sites during intersite transport nevertheless show evidence of continued atmospheric processing by SOA production. However, the rate of SOA production decreases with airmass age from an initial value of ∼10.1 µgm-3 Due to image rights restrictions, multiple line equation(s) cannot be graphically displayed. h-1 for the first ∼10 h of plume processing to near-zero in an aged airmass (i.e. after several days). The initial SOA production rate is comparable to the observed rate in Mexico City over similar timescales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an oncoprotein, Eps8 participates in v-Src-induced cellular transformation. To delineate the underlying mechanism, we conducted a yeast two-hybrid screening and identified IRSp53S, a protein critical in cell mobilization, as one of the Eps8-binding partners from a human brain cDNA library. The association was mediated by the multiple proline-rich regions of Eps8 and the C-terminal SH3-WWB containing domains of IRSp53S. In this study, we observed that Eps8 modulated the expression of IRSp53 in v-Src-transformed cells (IV5), raising the question of whether Eps8/IRSp53 interaction was crucial in carcinogenesis. To address this issue, we generated IV5-expressing irsp53 siRNA cells. Attenuation of IRSp53 reduced cell proliferation of IV5 in culture dish and tumor formation in mice, which could be partly rescued by ectopically expressed human IRSp53S. In addition, IRSp53 knockdown impaired activity of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (as reflected by Pi-Ser473 AKT) and Stat3 (as reflected by Pi-Tyr705 Stat3), and reduced cyclin D1 expression that culminated to impede G1-phase cell-cycle progression. Ectopically expressed human IRSp53S, but not its Eps8-binding defective mutants (that is, Δ363 and PPPDA), rescued these defects and partly restored cell proliferation. Remarkably, through activation of Src, EGF increased the formation of Eps8/IRSp53 complex and Stat3 activation in HeLa cells. With these results, we show for the first time that IRSp53, through its interaction with Eps8, not only affects cell migration but also dictates cellular growth in cancer cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several cases of aerosol plumes resulting from trans-Pacific transport were observed between 2 km and 5.3 km at Whistler, BC from 22 April 2006 to 15 May 2006. The fine particle (<1μm) chemical composition of most of the plumes was dominated by sulphate that ranged from 1-5μgm-3 as measured with a Quadrapole Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (Q-AMS). Coarse particles (>1μm) were enhanced in all sulphate plumes. Fine particle organic mass concentrations were relatively low in most plumes and were nominally anti-correlated with the increases in the number concentrations of coarse particles. The ion chemistry of coarse particles sampled at Whistler Peak was dominated by calcium, sodium, nitrate, sulphate and formate. Scanning transmission X-ray microscopy of coarse particles sampled from the NCAR C-130 aircraft relatively close to Whistler indicated carbonate, potassium and organic functional groups, in particular the carboxyl group. Asian plumes reaching Whistler, BC during the INTEX-B study were not only significantly reduced of fine particle organic material, but organic compounds were attached to coarse particles in significant quantities. Suspension of dust with deposited organic material and scavenging of organic materials by dust near anthropogenic sources are suggested, and if any secondary organic aerosol (SOA) was formed during transport from Asian source regions across the Pacific it was principally associated with the coarse particles. An average of profiles indicates that trans-Pacific transport between 2 and 5 km during this period increased ozone by about 10 ppbv and fine particle sulphate by 0.2-0.5μgm-3. The mean sizes of the fine particles in the sulphate plumes were larger when dust particles were present and smaller when the fine particle organic mass concentration was larger and dust was absent. The coarse particles of dust act to accumulate sulphate, nitrate and organic material in larger particles, diminishing the role of these compounds in indirect radiative forcing, but potentially enhancing their roles in direct radiative forcing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An Aerodyne High Resolution Time-of-Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS) was deployed at the peak of Whistler Mountain (2182m above sea level), British Columbia, from 19 April to 16 May 2006, as part of the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment Phase B (INTEX-B) campaign. The mass concentrations and size distributions of non-refractory submicron particle (NR-PM1) species (i.e., sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, chloride, and organics) were measured in situ at 10-min time resolution. The HR-ToF-AMS results agreed well with collocated measurements. The average concentration of non-refractory submicron particulate matter (NR-PM1; 1.9 μg m-3) is similar to those observed at other remote, high elevation sites in North America. Episodes of enhanced aerosol loadings were observed, due to influences of regional and trans-Pacific transport of air pollution. Organics and sulfate were the dominant species, on average accounting for 55% and 30%, respectively, of the NR-PM1 mass. The average size distributions of sulfate and ammonium both showed an accumulation mode peaking at ∼500 nm in vacuum aerodynamic diameter (Dva) while those of organic aerosol (OA) and nitrate peaked at ∼300 nm. The size differences suggested that sulfate and OA were mostly present in external mixtures from different source origins. We also quantitatively determined the elemental composition of OA using the high resolution mass spectra. Overall, OA at Whistler Peak was highly oxygenated, with an average organic-mass-to-organic-carbon ratio (OM/OC) of 2.28±0.23 and an atomic ratio of oxygen-to- carbon (O/C) of 0.83±0.17. The nominal formula for OA was C1H1.66N0.03O0.83 for the entire study. Two significant trans-Pacific dust events originated from Asia were observed at Whistler Peak during this study. While both events were characterized with significant enhancements of coarse mode particles and mineral contents, the composition and characteristics of NR-PM1 were significantly different between them. One trans-Pacific event occurred on 15 May 2006, during which ammonium sulfate contributed >90% of the total NR-PM1 mass. This event was followed by a high OA episode likely associated with regional emissions. In total, three enhanced regional OA events, each of which lasted 2-3 days, were observed during this study. In contrast to the two dust events, the regional OA events were generally characterized with higher OA/sulfate ratio, less oxidized OA, and lower OM/OC ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Paclitaxel has been reported to be a ligand to Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4). Myeloid differentiation factor 88(MyD88) was described as a myeloid differentiation primary response gene. TLR4 signalling owns two pathways: MyD88-dependent and MyD88-independent pathways. XIAP is a key member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein family. Akt is a major downstream target of growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases, which negatively regulates apoptotic pathways through phosphorylation (pAkt). The aim of the present study is to investigate the role of TLR4 in paclitaxel resistance of ovarian cancer cells. Materials and methods We reconstructed the RNA interference expression vector, pGenesil-1-U6 specifically targeting TLR4 mRNA, which was stable transfected into the human ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3 (MyD88-positive expression) and A2780 (MyD88-negative expression). Cell proliferation, cell cycle distribution and cell apoptosis were assessed in the cells transfected with scramble control shRNA (SKOV3/shControl, A2780/shControl) and TLR4 shRNA (SKOV3/shTLR4, A2780/shTLR4) to explore the possible functions of TLR4 in ovarian cancer cells growth. The expression of TLR4, MyD88, XIAP, Akt and pAkt was analysed by Western blot analysis. Results A knockdown of TLR4 levels down-regulated the expression of XIAP and pAkt. And it restored the inhibitory effect of paclitaxel on cell proliferation and impeding cell cycle progression in SKOV3 cells. Conclusions It suggests that TLR4 negatively regulates paclitaxel chemotherapy and MyD88 is an essential downstream factor to TLR4 signalling for this resistance. Knockdown of TLR4 induces paclitaxel chemosensitivity which might depress the Akt pathway. The TLR4-MyD88 signalling represents an important source to promote tumour growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies how to reduce packet delay in single-hop wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) networks with reservation-based scheduling algorithms. A number of approaches have been proposed in previous researches to reduce different components of the packet delay. This paper proposes two approaches to reduce the packet delay. The first approach is to replace the tunable transceivers in all of the nodes with fixed transceiver arrays such that no tuning latency is required, and each node is capable of transmitting and receiving multiple signals on multiple channels at the same time. The latter property enables the network to have better tolerance to traffics with nonuniform arrivals and nonuniform distribution of destinations that are commonly seen in network traffics. With a fixed transceiver array in each of the nodes, each channel becomes an independent broadcast channel such that broadcast and multicast communications can be efficiently supported. With fixed total number of channels in a transceiver-array-based single-hop WDM network, there is a tradeoff between the number of channels used for transmitting reservation (or control) information and the number of channels used for transmitting data packets. A network with fixed numbers of control and data channels is not able to cope with different traffic patterns. The optimal combination of the numbers of control and data channels depends on the traffic patterns. Therefore, our second approach is to develop an adaptive channel allocation algorithm to dynamically adjust the numbers of control and data channels according to the traffic patterns. The proposed adaptive channel allocation algorithm enables a transceiver-array-based single-hop WDM network to dynamically choose the best combination of the numbers of control and data channels for wide ranges of traffic patterns including nonuniform arrivals, nonuniform destination distributions, broadcast/multicast communications, and different system loads. The advan- tages of the proposed approaches are demonstrated in the simulation results [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The effect of preparation conditions on the relative elongation of nickel foams prepared by electrodeposition technology has been studied. The relative elongation is hardly influenced by sintering in NH3 decomposition atmosphere at 980°C for 40 min, by burning in air at 600°C for 4 min beforehand, or by lowering the sintering temperature to 850°C. With regard to conductive treatment, the relative elongation is significantly higher for chemically plated Ni than for coating by graphite base conductive colloid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reports on the power and microwave noise performance of AlGaN/GaN high electron-mobility transistors (HEMT) at frequencies f > 18 GHz (K- and Ka-bands). Device structure and fabrication; DC and small-signal performance; Large-signal characteristics of GaN HEMTs; Microwave noise performance.

Porous metals used as functional materials have been developed greatly and swiftly in recent years. In this paper, some preparative methods and relative applications are reviewed primarily for these materials. These methods concentratively deal with powder metallurgy (PM) and electroplating techniques, and these applications cover filtration and separation, fluid distribution and control, energy absorption, electromagnetic shielding, heat exchangers, electrode matrixes, reaction materials, biomaterials, and so on. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the considerable interest in free radical polymerization and copolymerization of N-substituted maleimide (RMI)thermal stability due to the rigid backbone consisting of a five-membered ring structure. In addition, the copolymers of RMI with its vinyl monomers such as styrene (ST), methacrylates, hydropropyl methacrylate and cyclohexene enhances the heat resistance and mechanical properties.

A preliminary experimental investigation has been carried out on an isotropic three dimensional reticulated foamed metal with high porosity under biaxial tensile loading. The approximate relationship between tensile strength of these materials and their porosity has been evaluated under equal-speed biaxial tension loading. The mathematical formula is proved to be in a good agreement with the experimental data for nickel foam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]