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Although rice has many pests, brown planthopper (BPH) in particular is known to cause substantial damage. The pyramiding application of BPH-resistance genes BPH14 and BPH15 has proven effective in enhancing rice defense against BPH. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying BPH14/BPH15-conferred resistance remain unexplained. In this investigation, we analyzed the transcriptomes of near isogenic lines (NILs) containing either BPH14 (B14), BPH15 (B15), or BPH14/BPH15 (B1415), as well as their recurrent parent (RP) ‘Wushansimiao’. In total, we detected 14,492 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) across 12 mRNA profiles of resistant NILs and RP at different feeding stages. In the transcriptomic analysis, 531 DEGs appeared to be common among the resistant NILs compared to RP before and after BPH feeding. These common DEGs were enriched in defense response, phosphorylation, and salt stress response. In addition, 258 DEGs shared only in resistant NILs were obtained among the different feeding stages, which were enriched in oxidative stress response, karrikin response, and chloroplast organization. Considering the expression patterns and relevant research reports associated with these DEGs, 21 were chosen as BPH resistance candidates. In rice protoplasts, the candidate DEG OsPOX8.1 was confirmed to increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation by chemiluminescence measurement. Our results provide valuable information to further explore the defense mechanism of insectresistant gene pyramiding lines and develop robust strategies for insect control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, vanadium is extracted from TiCl4 refining tailings by a clean metallurgical process and FeVO4 is prepared by adjusting the pH of acid leaching solution. The main factors affecting the leaching of vanadium from tailings are leaching temperature, solid-to-liquid ratio, hydrochloric acid concentration and type of oxidant. Under the optimal leaching conditions, when the leaching temperature is 30°C, the solid-liquid ratio is 1 : 4, the hydrochloric acid concentration is 400 g/L, and the oxidant is H2O2, the leaching rate of V can reach 97.1% after 60 min of reaction. The main factors affecting the precipitation of FeVO4 are the precipitation temperature, the initial vanadium concentration, the pH endpoint value of acid leaching solution and the addition amount of H2O2 oxidant. Under the optimal precipitation conditions, when the precipitation temperature is 40°C, the initial vanadium concentration is 5 g/L, the pH endpoint value of the acid leaching solution is 1.4, the addition amount of H2O2 oxidant is 6%, the precipitation rate of V can reach 95.4% after 60 min. By adjusting the pH value of precipitation filtrate, metal ions such as Fe, Al, Ca and Mg precipitate to form neutralization slag. The neutralization filtrate can be prepared NaCl crystals by evaporation crystallization, and the mother liquor of evaporation crystallization is returned to acid leaching for use. Acid leaching residue (TiO2 content is 55.42%) can be recycled as high-titanium raw material. This study can properly deal with the environmental pollution caused by the stacking of TiCl4 refining tailings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A green process that uses the spray pyrolysis method to prepare activated alumina is proposed in this research. The effects of spray temperature, carrier gas pressure, and AlCl3 solution concentration are experimentally investigated using pure reagents. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and specific surface area (BET) analyses. The results indicate that the spray temperature is the most important factor on the conversion ratio of alumina during the spray pyrolysis process. The conversion ratio of alumina achieved over 99% at the following optimal conditions: temperature of 1000°C, pressure of 0.3 MPa, and AlCl3 solution concentration of 10 wt%. The activated alumina with 8–20 nm particle size (γ-Al2O3+α-Al2O3) was prepared using the same process, which well met the requirement of the catalyst carrier. The green utilization of high-alumina fly ash and acid recycling can be achieved by using this process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is one of the most fatal urologic tumors, and the prognosis remains very poor for advanced or metastatic ccRCC. This study reveals the roles of microRNA (miR)-30c in regulating a highly aggressive ccRCC cell line proliferation by targeting MTA-1, which is a key mediator for human cancer metastasis. Results from quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction showed that the expression of MTA-1, the target of miR-30c, was significantly higher in metastatic ccRCC specimens than in nonmetastatic ccRCC or nontumor specimens. Accordingly, endogenous miR-30c is at a much lower level in highly aggressive ccRCC Caki-1 cells than nontumor or ccRCC cell lines. Expression of miR-30c via lentivirus vector inhibits the proliferation, anchorage-independent growth, in vitro invasion or migration, or in vivo growth of Caki-1 cells by repressing MTA-1 protein expression. miR-30c also enhances the sensitivity of Caki-1 cells to anticancer agents, including sorafenib and paclitaxel. These data reveal the potential application of miR-30c and that its targeting gene, MTA-1, would be a potential target in metastatic ccRCC treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]