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Bovine herpes virus 1 (BoHV-1) causes a wide variety of diseases in wild and domestic cattle. The most widely used method for viral identification is realtime PCR, which can only be performed in laboratories using sophisticated instruments by expert personnel. Herein, we developed an ultrasensitive timeresolved fluorescence lateral flow immunochromatographic strip (ICS) assay for detecting BoHV-1 in bovine samples using a monoclonal antibody against BoHV-1 labelled with fluorescent microspheres, which can be applied in any setting. The intact process from sample collection to final result can be achieved in 15 min. The limit of detection of the assay for BoHV-1 was 10² TCID50/100 μL. The coincidence rate of the ICS method and real-time PCR recommended by the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH) was 100% for negative, 92.30% for positive, and 95.42% for total, as evaluated by the detection of 131 clinical samples. This detection method was specifically targeted to BoHV-1, not exhibiting cross-reactivity with other bovine pathogens including BoHV-5. We developed an ICS assay equipped with a portable instrument that offers a sensitive and specific platform for the rapid and reliable detection of BoHV-1 in the field. The Point-of-Care test of BoHV-1 is suitable for the screening and surveillance of BoHV-1 in dairy herds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The accuracy of visibility detection greatly affects daily life and traffic safety. Existing visibility detection methods based on deep learning rely on massive haze images to train neural networks to obtain detection models, which are prone to overfit in dealing with small samples cases. In order to overcome this limitation, a large amount of measured data are used to train and optimize the convolutional neural network, and an improved DiracNet method is proposed to improve the accuracy of the algorithm. On this foundation, combined multi-mode algorithm is proposed to achieve small samples fitting and train an effective model in a short time. In this paper, the proposed improved DiracNet and the combined multi-mode algorithm are verified by using the measured atmospheric fine particle concentration data (pm1.0, pm2.5, pm10) and haze video data. The validation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The structure and functionalities of rice bran protein (RBP) oxidized by peroxyl radicals were analyzed in this study. The thermal decomposition of 2,2'-azobis [2-amidinopropane] dihydrochloride (AAPH) was used to generate peroxyl radicals. Increased oxidation of RBP by AAPH gradually generated more carbonyl (COOH) groups, which resulted in a loss of protein sulfhydryl groups. Low oxidization (≤0.2 mmol/L AAPH) could cause structural unfolding with an increase in surface hydrophobicity and emulsion properties but reducing the solubility and disulfide bonding. Moderate and high oxidization (>0.2 mmol/L AAPH) could result in soluble aggregates formed by subunits with molecular weights of 53, 49, and 36 kDa, attributed to globulin, albumin, and glutelin, increasing the solubility and disulfide bonding but decreasing the surface hydrophobicity and emulsion stability. Oxidization by low concentration AAPH induced a more unordered structure and transformation from β-turn to β-sheets, while a more ordered structure increased with aggregation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to determine the functional and structural properties of Maillard reaction products of mung bean [Vigna radiate (L.)] protein isolate with dextran obtained under the temperature of 80°C or 90°C with different times (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 h). The mung bean protein isolate-dextran conjugate had better solubility, emulsifying activity, and emulsifying stability than mung bean protein isolate; however, the protein aggregation decreased the solubility, surface hydrophobicity, emulsifying activity, and emulsifying stability of mung bean protein isolate-dextran conjugate. In general, these functional properties of mung bean protein isolate-dextran conjugate obtained at 80°C with lower degree of glycosylation and browning degree were better than mung bean protein isolate-dextran conjugate obtained at 90°C. Both vicilin (8S) and legumin type (11S) globulins both participated in the graft reaction, the subunit with a molecular weight of 21 kDa that contributed to 11S globulin might be the most vulnerable to dextran followed by the 60, 32, and 26 kDa subunits. Maillard reaction between mung bean protein isolate and dextran led to a decreased fluorescence intensity and a bathochromic shift. The fluorescence intensity of mung bean protein isolate-dextran conjugate generally decreased, and λmax of mung bean protein isolate-dextran conjugate first increased and then decreased. The grafted mung bean protein isolates had lower α-helix content but higher β-sheet content. As the Maillard reaction between mung bean protein isolate and dextran proceeded, the α-helix contents of the mung bean protein isolate–dextran conjugates were significantly increased and then decreased, and the β-sheet content generally decreased and then increased. Excessive grafted dextran and more protein aggregation was observed in mung bean protein isolate–dextran conjugate obtained at 90°C, which induced structural changes that might have impaired the functions. Our findings suggest that conjugation of mung bean protein isolate with dextran through the Maillard reaction is an effective way of improving the functional properties of mung bean protein isolate for its application in the food industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Many Chinese elderly increasingly face the serious problem of the "empty nest" phenomenon. The elderly living independently, also called empty-nest elderly, refers to elderly people living alone whose children left home. However few studies concerned about the subjective well-being (SWB) of the elderly living independently. Methods This study employs The Memorial University of Newfoundland Scale of Happiness (MUNSH) to explore the SWB of the elderly living independently in rural areas of Wenzhou, a relatively developed region in China. 536 sampled are randomly selected. Results The results indicate that participants obtained low scores in positive affect, positive experience, and the total SWB score, but high scores in negative affect and negative experience. Age, low education, poor health condition and little income were found to be negatively correlated with SWB. The SWB score of the elderly living with a spouse is higher than those who divorced or lost their spouse and the score of women is lower than that of men. In addition, the survey revealed that children's support has a positive influence on the SWB of the rural elderly living independently. Conclusions The elderly living independently in rural Wenzhou, China have unfavorable SWB. Poor socio-economic statuses are negative impact factors. But the children's support can help to improve. Special attention is needed to those with lower socio-economic status and less children's support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetic FeNi@Ni nanocables were prepared as a superior recyclable catalyst towards the hydrogenation reduction of p-nitrophenol to p-aminophenol through a two-step tunable assembly process in a solvothermal system. The proposed fabrication mechanism was verified through characterization by SEM, TEM, XRD, XPS, and UV-Vis. The as-prepared FeNi@Ni nanocomposites are core-shell-structured nanocables with Ni nanoparticles (NPs) attached on FeNi nanorods (NRs) surface loosely. The catalytic reactivity monitored by means of a UV-vis dynamic process shows FeNi@Ni nanocables can catalyse the transformation of p-nitrophenol to p-aminophenol completely under an ambient atmosphere at room temperature, and enable the catalysis to be more efficient than its counterparts FeNi NRs and Ni NPs due to the interfacial synergistic effect. Additionally, the resultant hierarchical metal-alloy nanocomposites possess ferromagnetic behaviour, and can be easily separated and recycled by an external magnet field for application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated relationship between secondary structure and surface hydrophobicity of soy protein isolate (SPI) subjected to a thermal treatment at 70~90°C. Heat denaturation increased the surface hydrophobicity and surface hydrophobicity decreased as aggregate formed. Heat caused an increase in the relative amount of α-helix structures and an overall decrease in the amount of β-sheet structures when compared with nontreated SPI. The relative amounts of secondary structures varied with time, temperature, and intensity of heat treatment applied. The β-sheet structure was most important for its significant role in denaturation of 7S globulin and following formed aggregates and even in denaturation of 11S globulin. The amount of β-sheet structure in SPI had an inverse correlation with the surface hydrophobicity when the temperature was kept below 90°C. Besides, β-turn structure increased as β-7S/B-11S aggregate formated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]