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This study aimed to enhance lithium battery performance through the utilization of porous conductive polyaniline-modified graphene composites (PMGCs). Given the growing importance of green energy, coupled with the development of lithium-ion battery systems and electric vehicles, achieving high-speed charge and discharge performance is imperative. Traditional approaches involve incorporating additives like carbon nanotubes and graphene into electrodes to improve conductivity, but they encounter challenges related to cost and aggregation issues. In this study, polyaniline (PANI), a cost-effective, stable, and conductive polymer, was explored. PMGCs was formed by employing ammonium persulfate (APS) as an oxidant during PANI polymerization, simultaneously serving as a surface modifier for graphene. This study systematically investigated the impacts of varying amounts of PMGCs on lithium-ion battery electrodes by assessing the reductions in internal resistance, aging effects, different charge and discharge rates, and cycle performance. The PMGC exhibited a porous structure formed by nanoscale PANI intertwining on graphene. Various measurements, including FT-IR, TGA, Raman spectroscopy, and battery performance assessments, confirmed the successful synthesis and positive effects of PMGCs. The results indicated that a 0.5% addition of PMGC led to a reduced internal resistance and enhanced fast-charge and discharge capacity. However, an excessive amount of PMGCs adversely affected aging and self-discharge. This study provides valuable insights into optimizing the PMGC content for improved lithium battery performance, presenting potential advancements in energy storage systems and electric vehicles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]