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The selective removal and immobilization of uranyl ions from aqueous solutions is essential for the sustainable development of nuclear energy. Herein, a robust lanthanide‐organic framework material (IHEP‐24) is developed for simultaneous fluorescence sensing, selective adsorption, and photocatalytic reduction of uranium, integrating three different functions in one material. The confined space formed by the coordination assembly of viologen derivative ligands and metal‐oxygen clusters can act as precise recognition sites for uranyl, allowing IHEP‐24 to efficiently detect and capture uranyl ions. In addition, the presence of a viologen‐based radical ligand enables IHEP‐24 to a further photocatalytic reduction of the adsorbed uranyl to amorphous UO2. The mechanisms of adsorption and photocatalysis are revealed by batch experiments, photoelectrochemical characterizations, and theoretical calculations. This study provides a reference for the construction of robust multi‐functional MOF materials and also provides support for the deep removal and immobilization of radionuclides from aqueous solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The milestone discovery of GW170817-GRB 170817A-AT 2017gfo has shown that gravitational waves (GWs) could be produced during the merger of a neutron star–neutron star/black hole and that in electromagnetic (EM) waves, a gamma-ray burst (GRB) and a kilonova (KN) are generated in sequence after the merger. Observationally, however, EM properties before the merger phase are still unclear. Here we report a peculiar precursor in a KN-associated long-duration GRB 211211A, providing evidence of the EM before the merger. This precursor lasts ∼0.2 s, and the waiting time between the precursor and the main burst is ∼1 s, comparable to that between GW170817 and GRB 170817A. The spectrum of the precursor could be well fit with a nonthermal cutoff power-law model instead of a blackbody. In particular, a ∼22 Hz quasiperiodic oscillation candidate (∼3 σ) is detected in the precursor. These temporal and spectral properties indicate that this precursor is probably produced by a catastrophic flare accompanied with magnetoelastic or crustal oscillations of a magnetar in a binary compact merger. The strong magnetic field of the magnetar can also account for the prolonged duration of GRB 211211A. However, it poses a challenge to reconcile the rather short lifetime of a magnetar with the rather long spiraling time of a binary neutron star system only by the GW radiation before the merger. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The seismic observation wells in Baodi area, Tianjin, have been the precursor sensitive wells in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, but their hydrogeochemical characteristics is less studied. In this paper, three seismic observation wells on the north and south sides of the Baodi Fracture were selected to analyze the ionic component concentrations, hydrogen and oxygen isotope compositions, silica and carbon isotope contents, and to carry out hydrogeochemical characteristics, and the results show that: 1 The hydrochemical types of Baodi Xin well and the surrounding cold-water wells in the northern part of the Baodi Fracture were dominated by Na-S04-HC03 types, and the hydrochemical types of Wang 3 well, Wang 4 well and the surrounding geothermal wells in the southern part of the Baodi Fracture were dominated by Na-HC03 types. Wang 3 and Wang 4 wells in the southern part of Baodi Fracture and the surrounding geothermal wells are dominated by Na-HC03 type of water chemistry. The source of groundwater ls atmospheric precipitation, and the recharge area is the northern Yanshan Mountains. The cold water and geothermal water on both ides of the Baodi Fracture are located in the immature water zone, medicating that both of them are mixed by shallow cold water in the upward transportation process. The depth of geothermal water circulation on the south side of the fracture is significantly higher than that of the cold water on the north side, and the Cl_ of geothermal water has a deep origin. The inorganic carbon isotopes of the cold water and the geothermal water show zoning characteristics. The carbonate minerals in the cold water on the north side of the fracture are not saturated, and the carbon source of the geothermal water on the south side of the fracture is the leaching of carbonate minerals from the recharge zone and the dissolution of the carbonate aquifer. 4 Although the recharge zones of cold water and geothermal water on both ides of the Baodi Fracture are the same in the northern Yanshan Mountains, different types of groundwater on both ides of the fracture are formed due to the differences in hydrogeological conditions, circulation paths, and circulation depths at the locations of the observation wells, as well as the controlling effect of the Baodi Fracture on the hydrological and geochemical evolulion of the groundwater on both sides of the fracture. The results of this paper enrich the geochemical background field data in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, and provide a scientific basis for exploring the geochemical characteristics of regional subsurface fluids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Air pollution can cause disease and has become a major global environmental problem. It is currently believed that air pollution may be related to the progression of SSNHL. As a rapidly developing city in recent years, Hefei has serious air pollution. In order to explore the correlation between meteorological variables and SSNHL admissions, we conducted this study. This study investigated the short-term associations between SSNHL patients admitted to the hospital and Hefei climatic variables. The daily data on SSNHL-related hospital admissions and meteorological variables containing mean temperature (T-mean; °C), diurnal temperature range (DTR; °C), atmospheric pressure (AP; Hp), and relative humidity (RH; %), from 2014 to 2021 (2558 days), were collected. A time-series analysis integrating distributed lag non-linear models and generalized linear models was used. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched. Literature published up to August 2023 was reviewed to explore the potential impact mechanisms of meteorological factors on SSNHL. The mechanisms were determined in detail, focusing on wind speed, air pressure, temperature, humidity, and air pollutants. Using a median of 50.00% as a baseline, the effect of exceedingly low T-mean in the single-day hysteresis effect model began at a lag of 8 days (RR = 1.032, 95% CI: 1.001 ~ 1.064). High DTR affected the admission rate for SSNHL on lag 0 day. The significance of the effect was the greatest on that day (RR = 1.054, 95% CI: 1.007 ~ 1.104) and then gradually decreased. High and exceedingly high RH affected the admission rate SSNHL on lag 0 day, and these effects lasted for 8 and 7 days, respectively. There were significant associations between all grades of AP and SSNHL. This is the first study to assess the effect of meteorological variables on SSNHL-related admissions in China using a time-series approach. Long-term exposures to high DTR, RH values, low T-mean values, and all AP grades enhance the incidence of SSNHL in residents. Limiting exposure to extremes of ambient temperature and humidity may reduce the number of SSNHL-related hospital visits in the region. It is advisable to maintain a suitable living environment temperature and avoid extreme temperature fluctuations and high humidity. During periods of high air pollution, it is recommended to stay indoors and refrain from outdoor exercise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) and power density spectra (PDSs) continuum properties can help shed light on the still elusive emission physics of magnetars and as a window into the interiors of neutron stars using asteroseismology. In this work, we employ a PDS method to search for the QPOs in the hundreds of X-ray bursts from SGR J1935+2154 observed by Insight - HXMT, GECAM , and Fermi/ GBM from 2014 July to 2022 January. Although no definitive QPO signal (significance >3 σ) is detected in individual bursts or the averaged periodogram of the bursts grouped by duration, we identify several bursts exhibiting features at ∼40 Hz, attributed to the the proximity intervals between adjacent pulses and consistent with that reported in the X-ray burst associated with FRB 200428. We investigate the PDS continuum properties and find that the distribution of the PDS slope in the simple power-law model peaks at ∼2.5, which is consistent with other magnetars but higher than 5/3 commonly seen in gamma-ray bursts. Besides, the distribution of the break frequency in the broken power-law model peaks at ∼60 Hz. Finally, we report that the power-law index of PDS has an anti-correlation and power-law dependence on the burst duration as well as the minimum variation time-scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spectral lag of the low-energy photons with respect to the high-energy ones is a common astrophysical phenomenon (such as gamma-ray bursts and the Crab Pulsar) and may serve as a key probe to the underlying radiation mechanism. However, spectral lag in keV range of the magnetar bursts has not been systematically studied yet. In this work, we perform a detailed spectral lag analysis with the Li et al.'s Cross-Correlation Function (Li-CCF) method for SGR J1935+2154 bursts observed by Insight - Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope (HXMT), Gravitational Wave High-energy Electromagnetic Counterpart All-sky Monitor (GECAM), and Fermi /Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) from 2014 July to 2022 January. We discover that the spectral lags of about 61 per cent (non-zero significance >1σ) bursts from SGR J1935+2154 are linearly dependent on the photon energy (E) with t lag(E) = α(E /keV) + C , which may be explained by a linear change of the temperature of the blackbody-emitting plasma with time. The distribution of the slope (α) approximately follows a Gaussian function with mean and standard deviation of 0.02 ms keV−1 (i.e. high-energy photons arrive earlier) and 0.02 ms keV−1, respectively. We also find that the distribution can be well fitted with three Gaussians with mean values of ∼−10.009, 0.013, and 0.039 ms keV−1, which may correspond to different origins of the bursts. These spectral lag features may have important implications on the magnetar bursts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate high time resolution data obtained by the Gravitational wave high-energy Electromagnetic Counterpart All-sky Monitor (GECAM) during the flare event on 2022 April 21 at 01:52 UT. Several subpeaks with durations of 4–6s have been detected in the hard X-ray precursor phase, and the key feature is that they appear in pairs and seem like double-peak structures. These subpeaks are rarely observed in hard X-ray band and confirmed by the microwave obtained by Nobeyama Radio Polarimeters (NoRP) and Radio Solar Telescope Network (RSTN). While an exponential function can describe the continuum component of the time profile from the precursor to part of the impulsive phase. The periods of quasi-periodic pulsations (QPPs) are detected to be about 7.3 and 12.8s for the precursor and impulsive phase, respectively, with at least 95% confidence level. The paired QPPs are assumed to be double-peak QPPs and then the scenario of current loop coalescence model is found to be in good agreement with our observation. The precursor phase can be interpreted as the oscillating coalescence of two islands, while the impulsive phase can be interpreted as more islands to coalesce one by one to form larger islands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Promoting light absorption range of photocatalysts is of great significance to improve solar light‐driven photocatalytic CO2 reduction efficiency. Herein, a new viologen‐based multicomponent heterotrimetallic metal–organic framework (MOF) [Cu3Th6(µ3‐O)4(µ3‐OH)4(cpb)12][FeIII(CN)6]6 (IHEP‐14) with an unprecedented (6, 18)‐connected she‐d topology is presented. Upon UV irradiation, this MOF undergoes ligand and iron photoreduction, and a single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal transformation to generate persistent radical‐containing MOF [Cu3Th6(µ3‐O)4(µ3‐OH)4(cpb•)12][FeII(CN)6]6 (IHEP‐15). This radical‐containing MOF shows excellent stability without fading after at least 2 months in air. Besides extending the photoabsorption to a wider wavelength range covering from 200 to 2,500 nm, the generation of persistent radical in IHEP‐15 also largely enhances its CO2 adsorption capacity by a factor of three due to the strong affinity between π orbital of the radical and the π system of CO2. These attributes endow IHEP‐15 with excellent visible/NIR light‐driven CO2 photoreduction activity, with CO production rates under visible and NIR irradiation of 570.3 and 209.3 µmol h−1 g−1, respectively. Notably, the latter is a record high for NIR‐induced CO production among all MOFs reported so far. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of pembrolizumab (PD-1/PD-L inhibitor) and adjuvant chemotherapy to treat NSCLC and provide evidence-based reference for clinical use. Methods. By searching the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PubMed, and Web of Science, according to the inclusion criteria, literature selection, data extraction, and quality evaluation were carried out for the included literature. The I2 test was used to evaluate heterogeneity between studies, and the meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software provided by Cochrane. Results. Finally, 14 relevant documents meeting the standards were included. It is a statistical difference in one-year survival rate [ OR = 1.50 , 95% CI (1.28, 1.76), P < 0.00001 , I 2 = 0 %, Z = 4.99 ]; overall response rate[OR =1.57, 95% CI (1.29, 1.90), P < 0.00001 , I 2 = 0 %, Z = 4.58 ]; progression-free survival [ OR = 2.99 , 95% CI (2.29, 3.91), P < 0.00001 , I 2 = 26 %, Z = 8.00 ]; and overall survival [ OR = 1.38 , 95% CI (1.07, 1.78), P = 0.01 , I 2 = 46 %, Z = 2.50 ] and reduces the incidence of adverse drug reactions [ OR = 2.54 , 95% CI (1.99, 3.25), P < 0.00001 , I 2 = 69 %, Z = 7.43 ]. Conclusion. Pembrolizumab adjuvant chemotherapy is effective in the treatment of advanced NSCLC, but attention should be paid to the occurrence of adverse reactions in clinical. Due to the limitations of the methodology included in the study, this conclusion required more validation of large-sample RCT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To clarify the endoscopic, clinicopathological, and growth characteristics of minute gastric cancer (MGC) and to improve its detection rate. Methods: Patients with early gastric cancer who underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection from July 2012 to September 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. MGC was defined as gastric cancer of 5 mm or less in size. Preoperative and postoperative endoscopic and pathological data were collected and analyzed. Follow‐up information was collected until 9 April 2022. Results: Eighty patients were enrolled, with 82 lesions observed under endoscopy and 87 diagnosed histopathologically. All patients received en bloc and curative resection. Compared with the time point when the last endoscopic examiniation prior to lesion deteciton was performed (t0), 64.29% of patients with MGC had disease progression at lesion detection (t1). However, 21.43% showed normal or only atrophic changes under white‐light endoscopy, and their lesions were diagnosed accidentally by random biopsy. The majority of MGC lesions presented as type IIc and reddish, and 95.00% of cases had well‐differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma. The mean growth rate of MGC was 0.0071 mm/day, and it took an average of 3.42 years to grow to 5 mm. There was no significant difference in the depth of invasion between the low cellular atypia group and the high cellular atypia group. Conclusions: Type IIc and reddish appearance are main endoscopic features of MGC. For cases with no obvious endoscopic changes, multipoint biopsy is helpful. MGC is mostly well differentiated and grows relatively slowly; therefore, MGC can still have a chance to be identified and resected curatively if it is missed diagnosed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Three subcategories of high‐risk flat and depressed lesions (FDLs), laterally spreading tumors non‐granular type (LST‐NG), depressed lesions, and large sessile serrated lesions (SSLs), are highly attributable to post‐colonoscopy colorectal cancer (CRC). Efficient and organized educational programs on detecting high‐risk FDLs are lacking. We aimed to explore whether a web‐based educational intervention with training on FIND clues (fold deformation, intensive stool/mucus attachment, no vessel visibility, and demarcated reddish area) may improve the ability to detect high‐risk FDLs. Methods: This was an international web‐based randomized control trial that enrolled non‐expert endoscopists in 13 Asian countries. The participants were randomized into either education or non‐education group. All participants took the pre‐test and post‐test to read 60 endoscopic images (40 high‐risk FDLs, five polypoid, 15 no lesions) and answered whether there was a lesion. Only the education group received a self‐education program (video and training questions and answers) between the tests. The primary outcome was a detection rate of high‐risk FDLs. Results: In total, 284 participants were randomized. After excluding non‐responders, the final data analyses were based on 139 participants in the education group and 130 in the non‐education group. The detection rate of high‐risk FDLs in the education group significantly improved by 14.7% (66.6–81.3%) compared with −0.8% (70.8–70.0%) in the non‐education group. Similarly, the detection rate of LST‐NG, depressed lesions, and large SSLs significantly increased only in the education group by 12.7%, 12.0%, and 21.6%, respectively. Conclusion: Short self‐education focusing on detecting high‐risk FDLs was effective for Asian non‐expert endoscopists. (UMIN000042348). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of pembrolizumab (PD-1/PD-L inhibitor) and adjuvant chemotherapy to treat NSCLC and provide evidence-based reference for clinical use. Methods. By searching the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PubMed, and Web of Science, according to the inclusion criteria, literature selection, data extraction, and quality evaluation were carried out for the included literature. The I2 test was used to evaluate heterogeneity between studies, and the meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software provided by Cochrane. Results. Finally, 14 relevant documents meeting the standards were included. It is a statistical difference in one-year survival rate [ OR = 1.50 , 95% CI (1.28, 1.76), P < 0.00001 , I 2 = 0 %, Z = 4.99 ]; overall response rate[OR =1.57, 95% CI (1.29, 1.90), P < 0.00001 , I 2 = 0 %, Z = 4.58 ]; progression-free survival [ OR = 2.99 , 95% CI (2.29, 3.91), P < 0.00001 , I 2 = 26 %, Z = 8.00 ]; and overall survival [ OR = 1.38 , 95% CI (1.07, 1.78), P = 0.01 , I 2 = 46 %, Z = 2.50 ] and reduces the incidence of adverse drug reactions [ OR = 2.54 , 95% CI (1.99, 3.25), P < 0.00001 , I 2 = 69 %, Z = 7.43 ]. Conclusion. Pembrolizumab adjuvant chemotherapy is effective in the treatment of advanced NSCLC, but attention should be paid to the occurrence of adverse reactions in clinical. Due to the limitations of the methodology included in the study, this conclusion required more validation of large-sample RCT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effectively adjusting and controlling the valence state of neptunium (Np) is essential in its separation during spent fuel reprocessing. Hydrazine and its derivatives as free-salts can selectively reduce Np(VI) to Np(V). Reduction mechanisms of Np(VI) with hydrazine and four derivatives have been explored using multiple theoretical methods in our previous works. Herein, we examine the reduction mechanism of Np(VI) with hydrazinopropionitrile (NCCH2N2H3) which exhibits faster kinetics than most other hydrazine derivatives probably due to its σ–π hyperconjugation effect. Free radical ion pathways I, II and III involving the three types of hydrazine H atoms were found that correspond to the experimentally established mechanism of reduction of two Np(VI) via initial oxidation to [NCCH2N2H3]+˙, followed by conversion to NCCH2N2H (+2H3O+) and ultimately to CH3CN + N2. Potential energy profiles suggest that the second redox stage is rate-determining for all three pathways. Pathway I with water-mediated proton transfer is energetically preferred for hydrazinopropionitrile. Analyses using the approaches of localized molecular orbitals (LMOs), quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM), and intrinsic reaction coordinate (IRC) elucidate the bonding evolution for the structures on the reaction pathways. The results of the spin density reveal that the reduction of the first Np(VI) ion is the outer-sphere electron transfer, while that of the second Np(VI) ion is the hydrogen transfer. This work offers new insights into the nature of reduction of Np(VI) by hydrazinopropionitrile via water-mediated proton transfer, and provides a basis for designing free-salt reductants for Np separations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gravitational wave high-energy Electromagnetic Counterpart All-sky Monitor (GECAM) is a dedicated mission, launched in December 2020, for gamma-ray transients, including gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and soft gamma repeater (SGR) bursts in the multimessenger and multiwavelength astronomy era. Since GECAM consists of two independent spacecrafts (or say instruments), and the framework of data analysis for multiple spacecrafts is distinctive from that for only one spacecraft, which is the case for most GRB missions, we developed a dedicated pipeline called Energetic Transients Joint Analysis System for Multi-INstrument (ETJASMIN) for GECAM mission. This pipeline has been naturally extended to incorporate data from other gamma-ray instruments, including the operating missions, such as Insight- HXMT/HE, Fermi /GBM, Swift /BAT, INTEGRAL/SPI-ACS, Konus-Wind, and GRID, as well as the forthcoming missions, such as SVOM/GRM and HEBS. In this paper, we present this pipeline with a focus on the data analysis procedures, methodology, and results in terms of the localization, verification (classification), spectral, and temporal analyses of gamma-ray transients. We show that this pipeline could provide more accurate, reliable, and comprehensive results than that of individual spacecraft, which is beneficial for gamma-ray transients observation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of pembrolizumab (PD-1/PD-L inhibitor) and adjuvant chemotherapy to treat NSCLC and provide evidence-based reference for clinical use. Methods. By searching the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PubMed, and Web of Science, according to the inclusion criteria, literature selection, data extraction, and quality evaluation were carried out for the included literature. The I2 test was used to evaluate heterogeneity between studies, and the meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software provided by Cochrane. Results. Finally, 14 relevant documents meeting the standards were included. It is a statistical difference in one-year survival rate [ OR = 1.50 , 95% CI (1.28, 1.76), P < 0.00001 , I 2 = 0 %, Z = 4.99 ]; overall response rate[OR =1.57, 95% CI (1.29, 1.90), P < 0.00001 , I 2 = 0 %, Z = 4.58 ]; progression-free survival [ OR = 2.99 , 95% CI (2.29, 3.91), P < 0.00001 , I 2 = 26 %, Z = 8.00 ]; and overall survival [ OR = 1.38 , 95% CI (1.07, 1.78), P = 0.01 , I 2 = 46 %, Z = 2.50 ] and reduces the incidence of adverse drug reactions [ OR = 2.54 , 95% CI (1.99, 3.25), P < 0.00001 , I 2 = 69 %, Z = 7.43 ]. Conclusion. Pembrolizumab adjuvant chemotherapy is effective in the treatment of advanced NSCLC, but attention should be paid to the occurrence of adverse reactions in clinical. Due to the limitations of the methodology included in the study, this conclusion required more validation of large-sample RCT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the advanced spent fuel cycle, the control and adjustment of neptunium valence state is greatly important for the highly efficient separation of neptunium. Hydrazine and its derivatives as salt-free reagents can selectively reduce Np(VI) to Np(V), but their reduction mechanisms are still unclear. We explored the reduction of [NpVIO2(H2O)2(NO3)2] by N2H4 and its two derivatives HOC2H4N2H3 and CHON2H3 using scalar relativistic density functional theory. The thermodynamic energy of the reactions [NpVIO2(H2O)2(NO3)2] with three reductants are sensitive to the substitution group, HOC2H4N2H3 enhances thermodynamic ability of the reaction and CHON2H3 shows contrary result. Both HOC2H4N2H3 and CHON2H3 have lower energy barrier compared to N2H4 based on the potential energy profiles (PEPs), which probably attributes to the intramolecular hydrogen bond of hydrazine derivatives. The nature of these redox reactions is that the hydrogen atom of reductants is gradually transferred to the axis oxygen atom of neptunyl, which accompanies the N–H bond dissociation and Oax–H bond formation. The reduction of Np(VI) with HOC2H4N2H3 is the most favorable reaction based on the thermodynamic and kinetic results. This work provides theoretical perspective into the reduction of Np(VI) to Np(V), which is beneficial to the development of more effective free-salt reductants for the separation of neptunium from uranium and plutonium in spent fuel reprocessing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a correction notice for an article titled "Association of sudden sensorineural hearing loss with meteorological factors: a time series study in Hefei, China, and a literature review." The correction states that the equal author contribution statement and acknowledgments were missing in the published proof. It also acknowledges Bullet Edits Limited for linguistic editing and proofreading. The original article has been corrected. The publisher, Springer Nature, remains neutral regarding jurisdictional claims and institutional affiliations. The authors of the article are listed as Xiao-Bo Li, Yan-Xun Han, Zi-Yue Fu, Yu-Chen Zhang, Min Fan, Shu-Jia Sang, Xi-Xi Chen, Bing-Yu Liang, Yu-Chen Liu, Peng-Cheng Lu, Hua-Wei Li, Hai-Feng Pan, and Jian-Ming Yang. [Extracted from the article]

Heart failure (HF), the terminal state of different heart diseases, imposed a significant health care burden worldwide. It is the last battlefield in dealing with cardiovascular diseases. HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a type of HF in which the symptoms and signs of HF are mainly ascribed to diastolic dysfunction of left ventricle, whereas systolic function is normal or near-normal. Compared to HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), the diagnosis and treatment of HFpEF have made limited progress, partly due to the lack of suitable animal models for translational studies in the past. Given metabolic disturbance and inflammatory burden contribute to HFpEF pathogenesis, recent years have witnessed emerging studies focusing on construction of animal models with HFpEF phenotype by mimicking metabolic disorders. These models prefer to recapitulate the metabolic disorders and endothelial dysfunction, leading to the more detailed understanding of the entity. In this review, we summarize the currently available animal models of HFpEF with metabolic disorders, as well as their advantages and disadvantages as tools for translational studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The characteristics of defect bands in the microstructure of high pressure die casting (HPDC) AE44 magnesium alloy were investigated. Special attention was paid to the effects of process parameters during the HPDC process and casting structure on the distribution of defect bands. Results show that the defect bands are solute segregation bands with the enrichment of Al, Ce and La elements, which are basically in the form of Al11RE3 phase. There is no obvious aggregation of porosities in the defect bands. The width of the inner defect band is 4–8 times larger than that of the outer one. The variation trends of the distribution of the inner and outer defect bands are not consistent under different process parameters and at different locations of castings. This is due to the discrepancy between the formation mechanisms of double defect bands. The filling and solidification behavior of the melt near the chilling layer is very complicated, which finally leads to a fluctuation of the width and location of the outer defect band. By affecting the content and aggregation degree of externally solidified crystals (ESCs) in the cross section of die castings, the process parameters and casting structure have a great influence on the distribution of the inner defect band. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Follow-up guidelines for serrated polyps (SPs) are mainly based on factors such as histology and size with limited evidence. The underlying genomic mechanism of SPs in relation to recurrence risks is utterly unknown. Methods: We applied targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) approach on two groups of SPs [polyp-relapsed SPs (PRSPs) vs. polyp-free SPs (PFSPs)] based on the surveillance outcomes to compare differences of DNA variants in 71 colorectal cancer-associated genes. A multicenter validation cohort was established longitudinally from 2016 to 2019 to confirm the relevant results. Results: Among the 96 NGS samples, at least one mutant after filtration was detected in 90 samples (94%). Molecular profiling presented BRAF , KRAS , and APC as top 3 mutated genes. FBXW7 , MSH2 , and ERBB2 might be recurrence-relevant, while DMD , BRCA1 , and BRCA2 might be negatively correlated with recurrence. Notably, ERBB2 mutants (R678Q and V842I) (n = 5) had higher risks of polyp recurrence than the wild types (n = 85), with a median polyp-free interval of 15 months compared to 26 months [P < 0.001; hazard ratio (HR) = 4.9; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.9–12.8]. Furthermore, a multicenter cohort composed by 321 SPs verified that ERBB2 -mutated SPs had increased risks of polyp recurrence (P < 0.001; HR = 3.7; 95% CI = 2.3–6.0) and advanced neoplastic lesion (ANL) recurrence (P < 0.001; HR = 10.0; 95% CI = 2.7–36.9) compared with wild-type SPs, respectively. Conclusions: Our results are emphasizing that SP individuals with ERBB2 mutants are at higher risks of subsequent colorectal neoplasms. ERBB2 mutants might work as facilitated markers for prediction of high-risk SPs and might implicate a potential mechanism in the serrated pathway to colorectal carcinoma (CRC). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Endoscopic treatment methods for early colorectal cancer (ECRC) mainly depend on the size and morphology. It is unclear whether different endoscopic resection methods could achieve curative resection for ECRC confined in the mucosa. The study was designed to compare the rate of positive vertical margin (VM) of ECRC with advanced adenomas (AAs) including adenoma > 1 cm, villous adenoma, high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia/dysplasia stratified by different endoscopic resection methods.Methods: Rate of positive VM for 489 ECRCs including Intramucosal (pTis) and superficial submucosal invasion (pT1) carcinomas were compared with those of 753 AAs stratified by different endoscopic resection methods using Chi-squared test. Multivariate logistic model was performed to investigate the risk factors of positive VM for different endoscopic resection methods.Results: The pTis ECRC exhibited a similar rate of positive VM as that of AAs for en bloc hot snare polypectomy (HSP, 0% Vs. 0.85%, P = 0.617), endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR, 0.81% vs. 0.25%, P = 0.375) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD, 1.82% Vs. 1.02%, P = 0.659). The pTis carcinoma was not found to be a risk factor for positive VM by en bloc EMR (P = 0.349) or ESD (P = 0.368). The en bloc resection achieved for pT1a carcinomas exhibited similar to positive VM achieved through ESD (2.06% Vs. 1.02%, P = 1.000) for AAs. Nonetheless, EMR resulted in higher risk of positive VM (5.41% Vs. 0.25%, P < 0.001) for pT1a carcinomas as compared to AAs. The pT1a invasion was identified as a risk factor for positive VM in polyps with en bloc EMR (odds ratio = 23.90, P = 0.005) but not ESD (OR = 2.96, P = 0.396).Conclusion: Collectively, the pTis carcinoma was not found to be a risk factor for positive VM resected by en bloc HSP, EMR or ESD. Additionally, ESD may be preferred over EMR for pT1a carcinomas with lower rate of positive VM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The roots of Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv. (PV) are used in the preparation of local drugs to treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. However, it is still not clear if the saponins extracted from PV show a protective effect against myocardial injury, and if so, what are its primary active ingredients. Materials and Methods: In this study, a rat model of ischemic myocardial injury induced by isoproterenol was established, and the effect of PV saponin extract (PVS) on the heart rate and changes in the S-T segment were studied. The compounds were isolated through chromatographic techniques. H9c2 damaged cells, after induction by H2O2, were established and then treated with ocotillol-type ginsenosides at a concentration of 0.5, 1, 3, 10, and 30 μg/mL. Then, the cell viability, rate of cellular apoptosis, and apoptosis-related protein expression levels were detected by MTT assay, flow cytometry, and Western blot analysis. Results: PVS inhibited the elevation in the S-T segment and heart rate in rats with myocardial ischemia induced by isoproterenol. Four ocotillol-type ginsenosides and six dammarane-type ginsenosides were isolated from the PVS. Ocotillol-type ginsenosides compounds 1, 2, and 3 showed the effect of increasing the cell viability of H9c2 cardiomyocytes after induction with H2O2, and of them, compound 3 showed the strongest activity. Furthermore, compound 3 significantly inhibited the apoptosis of H9c2 injured cells, decreased the expression level of Bax and caspase 3, and increased the expression level of Bcl-2. Conclusion: PVS shows positive effect against myocardial injury. Compound 3 isolated from PVS protected H9c2 cells from damage caused by H2O2 by inhibiting apoptosis. These results will provide an important reference for the treatment of coronary heart disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ability to endure starvation is important for predatory mite survival and its effectiveness as biological control agent. We studied the longevity and functional response of the prodator mite Neoseiulus californicus (McGregaor) under starvation stress. N. californicus individuals were treated as three groups: the mites were provided with nothing (group I), with fresh bean leaves (group II), and with water (group III) to the larvae, protonymphs, deutonymphs, adult males and females. Functional response of N. californicus to Tetranychus urticae Koch eggs was evaluated after starvation for 0 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h. Results showed that all life stages of N. californicus in group III had the longest survival time among the three groups. Adult females had the strongest ability to endure starvation with a mean survival time of 8.16 d. Females had the ability to lay eggs, but the number of eggs laid was less than a mean of 1.2 eggs per female in the three starvation groups. N. californicus exhibited a Holling's Type II functional response at all hunger levels. The handling time (Th) and attack rate (α) of the predator were not significantly different in all hunger levels. Predation rate of starved 0 h to 72 h initially increased and then decreased. The highest predation rate was recorded when the predators were starved for 24 h. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have made great progress in the field of tumors and have become a promising direction of tumor treatment. With advancements in genomics and bioinformatics technology, it is possible to individually analyze the neoantigens produced by somatic mutations of each patient. Neoantigen load (NAL), a promising biomarker for predicting the efficacy of ICIs, has been extensively studied. This article reviews the research progress on NAL as a biomarker for predicting the anti-tumor effects of ICI. First, we provide a definition of NAL, and summarize the detection methods, and their relationship with tumor mutation burden. In addition, we describe the common genomic sources of NAL. Finally, we review the predictive value of NAL as a tumor prediction marker based on various clinical studies. This review focuses on the predictive ability of NAL's ICI efficacy against tumors. In melanoma, lung cancer, and gynecological tumors, NAL can be considered a predictor of treatment efficacy. In contrast, the use of NAL for urinary system and liver tumors requires further research. When NAL alone is insufficient to predict efficacy, its combination with other indicators can improve prediction efficiency. Evaluating the response of predictive biomarkers before the treatment initiation is essential for guiding the clinical treatment of cancer. The predictive power of NAL has great potential; however, it needs to be based on more accurate sequencing platforms and technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have become the standard treatment option for tumors. With the widespread application of ICIs, immune-related adverse events (irAEs) have gradually attracted the attention of researchers. Owing to the characteristics of ICIs, irAEs can affect each organ of the human body. Thromboembolism is uncommon in cancer patients receiving ICIs, but it may affect their survival. Most thromboembolic events do not cause serious effects after early prediction and treatment, but life-threatening toxic reactions are also observed. This condition should not be ignored because of vague and atypical symptoms, which make early diagnosis more challenging. This article focuses on the high-risk factors, underlying mechanisms, incidence, and prognosis of thromboembolism in patients using ICIs and briefly describes the intervention and treatment measures. This information would allow patients to effectively manage the side effects of thromboembolism during Immune checkpoint inhibitors treatment, ensuring the efficacy of ICIs and reducing mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have become the standard treatment option for tumors. With the widespread application of ICIs, immune-related adverse events (irAEs) have gradually attracted the attention of researchers. Owing to the characteristics of ICIs, irAEs can affect each organ of the human body. Thromboembolism is uncommon in cancer patients receiving ICIs, but it may affect their survival. Most thromboembolic events do not cause serious effects after early prediction and treatment, but life-threatening toxic reactions are also observed. This condition should not be ignored because of vague and atypical symptoms, which make early diagnosis more challenging. This article focuses on the high-risk factors, underlying mechanisms, incidence, and prognosis of thromboembolism in patients using ICIs and briefly describes the intervention and treatment measures. This information would allow patients to effectively manage the side effects of thromboembolism during Immune checkpoint inhibitors treatment, ensuring the efficacy of ICIs and reducing mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

F, NBI shows scar at the site of resection at 11 months after chemotherapy gl Both of our cases underwent gastroscopy for more than four times but MALT lymphoma could not be diagnosed via biopsy or magnifying endoscopy. Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is a low-grade B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma that is most incident in the stomach.1 The treatment for MALT lymphoma is closely related to the type and stage of the lymphoma as well as patient's I Helicobacter pylori i ( I H. pylori i ) infection status.2 Gastric mapping procedure based on a large number of biopsies is highly recommended for an accurate diagnosis, typing and staging of MALT lymphoma,2 although studies have shown that some features under the magnifying endoscopy indicate a gastric lymphoma.3-6 However, these malignant features, some of which originate from the submucosa, tend to be easily overlooked. Considering the variety of its appearance under endoscopy and the difficulty of diagnosing gastric lymphoma even using a magnifying endoscopy, biopsy is necessary for the diagnosis of the lesions. Five biopsy specimens from the surface and deeper layer of the lesion were obtained, and histologic examination showed suspected MALT and atypical hyperplasia of the lymphatic tissue, as diagnosed with immunohistochemistry (IHC). [Extracted from the article]

Finding effective and objective biomarkers to inform the diagnosis of schizophrenia is of great importance yet remains challenging. Relatively little work has been conducted on multi-biological data for the diagnosis of schizophrenia. In this cross-sectional study, we extracted multiple features from three types of biological data, including gut microbiota data, blood data, and electroencephalogram data. Then, an integrated framework of machine learning consisting of five classifiers, three feature selection algorithms, and four cross validation methods was used to discriminate patients with schizophrenia from healthy controls. Our results show that the support vector machine classifier without feature selection using the input features of multi-biological data achieved the best performance, with an accuracy of 91.7% and an AUC of 96.5% (p < 0.05). These results indicate that multi-biological data showed better discriminative capacity for patients with schizophrenia than single biological data. The top 5% discriminative features selected from the optimal model include the gut microbiota features (Lactobacillus, Haemophilus, and Prevotella), the blood features (superoxide dismutase level, monocyte-lymphocyte ratio, and neutrophil count), and the electroencephalogram features (nodal local efficiency, nodal efficiency, and nodal shortest path length in the temporal and frontal-parietal brain areas). The proposed integrated framework may be helpful for understanding the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and developing biomarkers for schizophrenia using multi-biological data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Due to negative results in clinical trials of postoperative chemoradiation for gastric cancer, at present, there is a tendency to move chemoradiation therapy forward in gastric and gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma. Several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are currently recruiting subjects to investigate the effect of neo-adjuvant radiotherapy (NRT) in gastric and GEJ cancer. Large retrospective studies may be beneficial in clarifying the potential benefit of NRT, providing implications for RCTs.Methods: We retrieved the clinicopathological and treatment data of gastric and GEJ adenocarcinoma patients who underwent surgical resection and chemotherapy between 2004 and 2015 from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. We compared survival between NRT and non-NRT patients among four clinical subgroups (T1-2N-, T1-2N+, T3-4N-, and T3-4N+).Results: Overall, 5272 patients were identified, among which 1984 patients received NRT. After adjusting confounding variables, significantly improved survival between patients with and without NRT was only observed in T3-4N+ subgroup [hazard ratio (HR) 0.79, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.66-0.95; P = 0.01]. Besides, Kaplan-Meier plots showed significant cause-specific survival advantage of NRT in intestinal type (P <  0.001), but not in diffuse type (P = 0.11) for T3-4N+ patients. In the multivariate competing risk model, NRT still showed survival advantage only in T3-4 N+ patients (subdistribution HR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.64-0.93; P = 0.006), but not in other subgroups.Conclusions: NRT might benefit resectable gastric and GEJ cancer patients of T3-4 stages with positive lymph nodes, particularly for intestinal-type. Nevertheless, these results should be interpreted with caution, and more data from ongoing RCTs are warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Band alignment between NiOx and nonpolar GaN plane and between NiOx and semipolar GaN plane are measured by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. They demonstrate that the maximum value of the valence band in the unintentional-doped a-plane, m-plane, and r-plane GaN are comparable to each other, which means that all the substrates are of n-type with similar background carrier concentrations. However, the band offset at the NiOx/GaN interface presents obvious crystalline plane dependency although they are coated with the same NiOx films. By fitting the Ga 3d spectrum obtained from the NiOx/GaN interface, we find that relatively high Ga–O content at the interface corresponds to a small band offset. On the one hand, the high Ga–O content on the GaN surface will change the growth mode of NiOx. On the other hand, the affinity difference between Ga and O forms a dipole which will introduce an extra energy band bending. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Guidelines have differed in their opinion regarding the indications for endoscopic resection of gastric-neuroendocrine neoplasms (g-NENs) and duodenal-NENs (d-NENs). We examined the association between size and lymph node metastasis (LNM) to identify candidates most suitable for endoscopic resection. We identified 706 patients with T1/T2 g-NENs and 621 patients with T1/T2 d-NENs from the SEER database. The prevalence of LNM and risk factors associated with LNM were analyzed. LNM was present in 8.1% of patients with gastroduodenal neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) and 31.6% of patients with neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs). Multivariate logistic regression indicated that tumor size >10mm, greater invasion depth, and poor differentiation were independently associated with LNM. In addition, the percentage of g-NETs invading submucosa with LNM increased with tumor size (≤10 mm,3.9%;11–20 mm,8.6%;>20 mm,16.1%). However, in contrast to the low LNM risk in patients with small g-NETs (≤10 mm), we found that LNM rate exceeded 5% even for patients with small submucosal-infiltrating d-NETs. Among patients with nodal-negative g-NETs, the cause specific survival (CSS) was similar for those who received surgical resection and endoscopic resection. Among patients with d-NETs, the CSS was better for those who received endoscopic resection. In conclusion, patients with d-NETs had a higher probability of LNM than those with g-NETs. Endoscopic resection can be utilized for curative treatment of submucosa-infiltrating g-NETs and intramucosal d-NETs when the size is 10 mm or less. These results reinforce the need to search for LNM in lesions that are larger than 10 mm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the protective effect of hawthorn kernel and screen its active fractions on oxidative damaged cells, providing supports for its applications, the oxidative damaged HaCaT cells and GES-1 cells were induced by H2O2. MTT assay and biochemical kit were used to detect cell viability and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the oxidation-damaged cells. The chemical components analysis method was used to study the chemical components of the active fractions. The results showed that hawthorn kernel ethanol extract (EE) and its derived fractions got from ethyl acetate (EAF) and water (WF) had protective activity on oxidative damaged cells. 25 µg/mL of EAF significantly increased the survival rate of oxidation-damaged HaCaT cells 21.23%, the levels of SOD in cells were also increased 9.09%. 25 µg/mL of WF significantly improved HaCaT and GES-1 cells survival rate 16.20% and 23.61%, increased the levels of SOD 16.62% and 17.38%, increased the levels of GSH-Px in cells 1.22 and 2.50%, respectively. The chemical components of ethyl acetate ... fraction were sugar (32.73%), flavonoids (15.70%), lignans (8.09%) etc. The water fraction contained sugar (59.59%) and flavonoids (1.14%) etc. It was suggested that WF can protect HaCaT and GES-1 cells from H2O2 induced oxidative damage, and its main component is sugar. The mechanism of WF may be related to the regulation of intracellular antioxidant enzyme levels, which has a good development and application values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the role of different undifferentiated components in the lymph node metastasis (LNM) of early mixed gastric cancer. Methods: A total of 1596 patients with EGC who underwent gastrectomy were divided into four types: pure differentiated (PD), pure poorly differentiated (Poorly D), pure signet ring cell carcinoma (SRC), and mixed. Mixed type was classified into four subtypes: differentiated-predominant type mixed with poorly differentiated component (MD-P), poorly differentiated-predominant type mixed with differentiated component (MP-D), differentiated-predominant type mixed with SRC component (MD-S), and poorly differentiated-predominant type mixed with SRC component (MP-S). We analyzed the clinicopathological differences between all types and the rates of LNM of patients fulfilling endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) criteria. Results: LNM was more common in mixed (21.9%) than in PD (7.5%, P < 0.001) or SRC (11.3%, P < 0.001). When analyzed the subgroups of mixed type, LNM was more frequent in MD-P (15.4%) than in PD (7.5%, P = 0.003). LNM in MD-S (7.4%, P = 1.000) was not higher than in PD. MP-S (24.5%) showed a higher rate of LNM than SRC (11.3%, P < 0.001) rather than Poorly-D (22.7%, P = 0.681). For lesions satisfying ESD criteria, MD-S (0%, P = 1.000), and MD-P (5.9%, P = 0.12) did not have higher rates of LNM than PD (1.4%). Conclusion: The presence of poorly differentiated component but not SRC increases the LNM rate of mixed type. ESD is recommended for the treatment of MD-S and MD-P consistent with ESD criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AlGaN/gallium nitride (GaN) ion-sensitive field-effect transistors (ISFETs) were fabricated as pH sensors. The sensitivity of the AlGaN/GaN ISFETs was evolved with gate recess process and ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) treatment. By performing the gate recess process, the threshold voltage (VT) of the ISFET increased from −3.33 to −0.31 V and the maximum conductance (GM) of the ISFET increased from 0.8 to 2 mS, with the current sensitivity of the pH sensor improving from 52.25 to 78.86 μA/pH. Further, after performing the ammonium hydroxide treatment, the VT of the ISFET increased from −0.33 to −0.14 V, with the current sensitivity of the pH sensor improving from 78.86 to 84.39 μA/pH. To characterize the surface conditions the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was deployed. The results indicated that many nitrogen vacancies (VN) were introduced during the recess process, leading to a negative VT shift and a smaller potential sensitivity (SV), which can be improved by ammonium hydroxide treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vertical GaN Schottky barrier diodes with TiN anodes were fabricated to investigate the electrical performance. The turn-on voltage and specific on-resistance of diodes are deduced to be approximately 0.41 V and 0.98 mΩ⋅cm2, respectively. The current-voltage curves show rectifying characteristics under different temperatures from 25 °C to 200 °C, implying a good thermal stability of TiN/GaN contact. The low-frequency noise follows a 1/f behavior due to the multiple traps and/or barrier inhomogeneous at TiN/GaN interface. The trapping/de-trapping between traps and Fermi level causes the slight capacitance dispersion under reverse voltage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]