Search

We conducted experiments utilizing the scattering effect of zinc oxide (ZnO) to enhance the photoluminescence (PL) intensity of cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr3) perovskite quantum dots (QDs). This study involved investigating the method for creating a CsPbBr3 and ZnO mixture and determining the optimal mixing ratio. A mixture dispersion of CsPbBr3 and ZnO, prepared at a 1:0.015 weight ratio through shaking, was fabricated into a film using the spin coating method. The PL intensity of this film showed a relative increase of 20% compared to the original CsPbBr3 QD film without ZnO. The scattering effect of ZnO was confirmed through ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption and transient PL experiments, and a long-delayed exciton lifetime was observed in the optimized mixture dispersion thin film. The morphology of the fabricated film was characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). For the CsPbBr3-ZnO mixture (1:0.0015) film, crystal domains of approximately 10 nm were observed using TEM. Through AFM analysis, an excellent film roughness of 4.6 nm was observed, further confirming the potential of perovskite QD/ZnO composite films as promising materials for enhanced photoconversion intensity. In future studies, applying this method to other perovskite materials and metal oxides for the optimization of photoconversion composite materials is expected to enable the fabrication of highly efficient perovskite QD/metal oxide composite films. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new yellow azo pyridone derivatives, (E)-6-hydroxy-1-(3-methoxypropyl)-4-methyl-2-oxo-5-(p-tolyldiazenyl)-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carbonitrile (APY-M) and 5,5′-((1E,1′E)-(methylenebis(4,1-phenylene))bis(diazene-2,1-diyl))bis(6-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carbonitrile) (APY-D), were designed and synthesized as yellow colorants for image sensors. The properties of these new compounds were evaluated in both solution and color filter film forms, focusing on their optical and thermal characteristics. The molar extinction coefficient values of APY-M and APY-D in solution were found to be 2.7 × 105 and 3.0 × 105 L/mol·cm, respectively. The transmittance of the newly synthesized compounds met commercial requirements, showing values below 0.21% at 435 nm and above 97.1% at 530 nm. APY-D exhibited a molar extinction coefficient value in solution that was 1.15 times higher than that of the commercially used yellow colorant Disperse Yellow 241. Both newly synthesized compounds satisfied the decomposition temperature requirement of over 230 °C, which is essential for the color filter manufacturing process in image sensors. In particular, APY-D, with its dimeric structure and increased molecular weight, demonstrated enhanced thermal stability, with a 50 °C increase in decomposition temperature compared to Disperse Yellow 241. Color filter films for image sensors were fabricated using the new compounds, and their thermal resistance was evaluated. APY-D maintained its transmittance due to the enhanced thermal stability provided by its dimer structure and increased molecular weight. Consequently, APY-D is anticipated to be a promising candidate for use as a yellow colorant in image sensors, owing to its excellent optical and thermal properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We applied 4,6-Bis(3,5-di(pyridin-2-yl)phenyl)-2-methylpyrimidine (B2PyMPM), a material with a wide bandgap and excellent electron mobility, as the host for the emissive layer in red, green, and blue organic phosphorescence-emitting devices. In the case of red emission, it exhibited a stable and outstanding external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 10.2% along with color coordinates (0.68, 0.31), indicating its potential as a candidate material for smartphone displays. For green and blue emissions, relatively low electroluminescence characteristics were observed due to insufficient energy transfer. With a high triplet energy level (T1) of 2.89 eV, B2PyMPM holds promise for use with other phosphorescent dopants in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We designed and synthesized new indolocarbazole-triazine derivatives, 9-di-tert-butyl-5,7-bis(4-(4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)phenyl)-5,7-dihydroindolo[2,3-b]carbazole (2TRZ-P-ICz) and 3,9-di-tert-butyl-5,7-bis(5′-(4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-[1,1′:3′,1″-terphenyl]-2′-yl)-5,7-dihydroindolo[2,3-b]carbazole (2TRZ-TP-ICz), as new bipolar host materials for red phosphorescent OLEDs. In the film state, 2TRZ-P-ICz and 2TRZ-TP-ICz exhibited photoluminescence maxima at 480 nm and 488 nm, respectively. The dipole moment characteristics of the new compounds under various solvent conditions were investigated using the Lippert–Mataga equation. The results showed that the dipole moment of 2TRZ-P-ICz is 26.9D, while that of 2TRZ-TP-ICz is 21.3D. The delayed fluorescence lifetimes were 0.188 μs for 2TRZ-P-ICz and 2.080 μs for 2TRZ-TP-ICz, with 2TRZ-TP-ICz showing TADF characteristics. Additionally, 2TRZ-TP-ICz was found to have a ΔEST of less than 0.2 eV. The triplet energy levels of the newly synthesized bipolar host materials were found to be 2.72 and 2.75 eV, confirming their suitability for use in red phosphorescent OLEDs. To investigate the carrier mobility of the synthesized materials, hole-only devices and electron-only devices were fabricated and tested. The hole mobility value at 1V was found to be 3.43 × 10−3 cm2/Vs for 2TRZ-P-ICz and 2.16 × 10−3 cm2/Vs for 2TRZ-TP-ICz. For electron mobility at 1V, 2TRZ-P-ICz showed a value of 4.41 × 10−9 cm2/Vs, while 2TRZ-TP-ICz exhibited a value of 9.13 × 10−9 cm2/Vs. As a result, when the new material was used as a host in red phosphorescent OLEDs, 2TRZ-TP-ICz achieved a current efficiency of 9.92 cd/A, an external quantum efficiency of 13.7%, CIE coordinates of (0.679, 0.319), and an electroluminescence maximum wavelength of 626 nm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We designed and successfully synthesized a novel anthracene-based host material, 10-(4-(naphthalen-1-yl)phenyl)-9-(naphthalen-3-yl)anthracene (2-NaAn-1-PNa). The 2-NaAn-1-PNa exhibited a PL max at 440 nm in film state and demonstrated a wide band gap of 2.95 eV, indicating its suitability as a blue host material. In an OLED device using 2-NaAn-1-PNa as the host and 3Me-1Bu-TPPDA as the dopant, real blue emission was achieved with an electroluminescence maximum (ELmax) at 460 nm and Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage coordinates of (0.133, 0.141). The device exhibited excellent EL characteristics, with an external quantum efficiency of 8.3% and a current efficiency of 9.3 cd/A at 10 mA/cm2. Furthermore, the efficiency roll-off was limited to only 1.9% up to 4000 nits, demonstrating exceptional performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Veterinary Dermatology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A novel aromatic imine derivative, 2′-(1,4-phenylene)bis[4-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methylene]-5(4H)-oxazolone] (PBMBO), was designed and synthesized as a yellow colorant additive for green color filters used in image sensors. The optical and thermal properties of the newly developed material were evaluated both in solution and within color filter film conditions. PBMBO demonstrated a molar extinction coefficient of 2.24 × 104 L/mol·cm in solution, surpassing that of the commercially employed yellow colorant MBIQO by a factor of 1.82. Color resist (CR) films incorporating PBMBO exhibited outstanding optical characteristics, displaying 0.03% transmittance at 435 nm, 99.3% transmittance at 530 nm, and a sharp slope within the 400 to 550 nm range. The decomposition temperature of PBMBO was 303 °C, indicating relatively superior thermal stability compared to MBIQO. Consequently, PBMBO emerges as a highly promising candidate for a yellow colorant additive in imaging sensor color filters, owing to its exceptional optical and thermal stability. Its potential applications are anticipated to extend across various fields of organic semiconductors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To develop a deep-blue emitter, a molecule with bipolar characteristics was designed as a donor-spacer-acceptor type, in which 9-(4-(4,6-diphenyl-1),3,5-triazin-2-yl)-2,5-dimethylphenyl)-9H-carbazole (DTPCZ)—with carbazole as an electron donating group and a diphenyl triazine moiety as an electron accepting group—was successfully synthesized. The photoluminescence (PL) maxima of DTPCZ were 421 nm in the solution state and 425 nm in the film state, indicating emission in the deep-blue region. DTPCZ also exhibited high thermal stability, with a degradation temperature of 349 °C. To confirm the electroluminescence (EL) characteristics, DTPCZ was applied as a dopant at 10, 20, and 30 wt% in a blue-fluorescent organic light-emitting diode (OLED) device. The highest efficiency was achieved using the 20 wt% doped device, with a current efficiency of 1.2 cd/A, an external quantum efficiency of 2.3%, and a Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage proceedings y-value of 0.06. Thus, deep-blue emission could be realized in the film state. These molecular design strategies can be applied to various fields, such as organic semiconductors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We synthesized two blue fluorescent materials, 6-(3-vinylphenyl)chrysene (St-C) and 6,12-bis(3-vinylphenyl)chrysene (St-C-St), for the first time, incorporating styrene into a chrysene core. These materials were polymerized via radical polymerization, resulting in the formation of polymeric blue-emitting materials, Poly 6-(3-vinylphenyl)chrysene (Poly St-C) and Poly 6,12-bis(3-vinylphenyl)chrysene (Poly St-C-St). Poly St-C exhibited deep blue emission at 395 nm in solution state. We fabricated Organic Light-Emitting Diode (OLED) devices, employing Poly St-C as the host material and 6,12-bis[4-(diphenylamino)phenyl]chrysene (TPA-C-TPA) as the dopant. The OLED device displayed electroluminescence (EL) emission in the deep blue region and achieved Commission Internationale de l'Éclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.157, 0.078). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two blue-emitting materials, 4-(12-([1,1′:3′,1″-terphenyl]-5′-yl)chrysen-6-yl)-N,N-diphenylaniline (TPA-C-TP) and 6-([1,1′:3′,1″-terphenyl]-5′-yl)-12-(4-(1,2,2-triphenylvinyl)phenyl)chrysene (TPE-C-TP), were prepared with the composition of a chrysene core moiety and terphenyl (TP), triphenyl amine (TPA), and tetraphenylethylene (TPE) moieties as side groups. The maximum photoluminescence (PL) emission wavelengths of TPA-C-TP and TPE-C-TP were 435 and 369 nm in the solution state and 444 and 471 nm in the film state. TPA-C-TP effectively prevented intermolecular packing through the introduction of TPA, a bulky aromatic amine group, and it showed an excellent photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 86% in the film state. TPE-C-TP exhibited aggregation-induced emission; the PLQY increased dramatically from 0.1% to 78% from the solution state to the film state. The two synthesized materials had excellent thermal stability, with a high decomposition temperature exceeding 460 °C. The two compounds were used as emitting layers in a non-doped device. The TPA-C-TP device achieved excellent electroluminescence (EL) performance, with Commission Internationale de L′Eclairage co-ordinates of (0.15, 0.07) and an external quantum efficiency of 4.13%, corresponding to an EL peak wavelength of 439 nm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We synthesized three materials, namely, TDBA-Ge, mTDBA-Ge, and mTDBA-2Ge, as blue host emitters. These materials incorporate a tetraphenylgermanium (TPG) group with a germanium atom into the main backbone of 5,9-dioxa-13b-boranaphtho[3,2,1-de]anthracene (DOBNA), demonstrating multiple-resonance-induced thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF). All three materials exhibited high thermal stability with a glass transition temperature (Tg) exceeding 100 °C. The increased molecular distance also demonstrated the inhibition of self-quenching between molecules in the packing. All three materials showed ΔEST values within 0.3 eV, confirming their potential for MR-TADF characteristics. Especially, mTDBA-2Ge exhibited the lowest ΔEST value of 0.11 eV among the three materials. When these host materials were doped with the conventional dopant ν-DABNA, efficient energy transfer between the two materials was observed, and the resulting device efficiency was confirmed. In comparison to TDBA-Ph, which lacks the TPG moiety and contains only phenyl groups, an approximately 1.5–1.8-fold increase in external quantum efficiency max (EQEmax) was observed. Among the three materials, mTDBA-2Ge exhibited the highest efficiency, with an EQEmax of 24.41%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel quinophthalone derivative, 4,5,6,7-tetrachloro-2-(2-(3-hydroxy-1-oxo-1H-cyclopenta[b]naphthalen-2-yl)quinolin-4-yl)isoindoline-1,3-dione (TCHCQ), was designed and synthesized as a yellow colorant additive for green color filters in image sensors. The characteristics of the new material were evaluated in terms of optical, thermal, and chemical properties under solution and color filter film conditions. TCHCQ exhibited a significantly enhanced molar extinction coefficient in solution, being 1.21 times higher than that of the commercially used yellow colorant Y138. It also demonstrated excellent thermal stability, with a decomposition temperature (Td) exceeding 450 °C. Utilizing the nano-pigmentation process, TCHCQ was used to prepare nano-sized particles with an excellent average size of 35 nm. This enabled the fabrication of a color filter film with outstanding properties. The optical properties of the produced film revealed outstanding yellow colorant transmittance of 0.97% at 435 nm and 91.2% at 530 nm. The color filter film exhibited similar optical and thermal stability to Y138, with an improved chemical stability, as evidenced by a ΔEab value of 0.52. The newly synthesized TCHCQ is considered a promising candidate for use as a yellow colorant additive in image sensor color filters, demonstrating superior optical, thermal, and chemical stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we introduced the weak electron-accepting oxazole derivative 4,5-diphenyl-2-(4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)oxazole (TPO) into both anthracene and pyrene moieties of a dual core structure. Ultimately, we developed 2-(4-(6-(anthracen-9-yl)pyren-1-yl)phenyl)-4,5-diphenyloxazole (AP-TPO) as the substitution on the second core, pyrene, and 4,5-diphenyl-2-(4-(10-(pyren-1-yl)anthracen-9-yl)phenyl)oxazole (TPO-AP) as the substitution on the first core, anthracene. Both materials exhibited maximum photoluminescence wavelengths at 433 and 443 nm in solution and emitted deep blue light with high photoluminescence quantum yields of 82% and 88%, respectively. When used as the emitting layer in non-doped devices, TPO-AP outperformed AP-TPO, achieving a current efficiency of 5.49 cd/A and an external quantum efficiency of 4.26% in electroluminescence. These materials introduce a new category of deep blue emitters in the organic light-emitting diodes field, combining characteristics related to the electron transport layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) by meticulously controlling both temperature and reaction times, allowing us to fine-tune their crystalline properties, morphology, and particle dimensions. This analysis confirmed the existence of a mixture of rod and sphere shapes (ZnO-I), including rod-shaped NPs with an average size of 14.8 nm × 5.2 nm and spherical NPs with an average diameter of 5.27 nm. We subsequently incorporated these synthesized ZnO NPs into organic light-emitting diode (OLED) devices for red, green, and blue colors, utilizing them as the electron injection layer through a solution-based process. The green OLED device using ZnO-I exhibited a promising current efficiency of 4.02 cd/A and an external quantum efficiency of 1.47%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New blue-light-emitting materials, 2,7-Bis-[1,1′;3′,1″]terphenyl-spiro-fluorene[3,4]naphthalene (TP-AFF-TP) and spiro-fluorene[3,4]-5-terphenylnaphthalene (TP-ASF) were synthesized based on a fused core with anthracene and spirofluorene. The photoluminescence (PL) maximum values of TP-AFF-TP and TP-ASF in film states exhibited 477 nm and 467 nm within the blue region, respectively. Degradation temperature (Td) values for TP-AFF-TP and TP-ASF were very high at 481 °C and 407 °C, respectively. TP-AFF-TP and TP-ASF exhibited power efficiencies (PE) of 1.03 lm/W and 2.39 lm/W, respectively, along with luminance efficiencies (LE) of 2.55 cd/A and 5.17 cd/A, respectively, in nondoped organic light-emitting diode (OLED) devices in which the newly synthesized compounds were employed as emissive layers. The achieved CIE values were (0.25, 0.45) for TP-AFF-TP and (0.17, 0.31) for TP-ASF. Furthermore, when TP-ASF was utilized as one of the emissive materials in solution-processed white OLED devices, the resultant device showcased a notably high LE of 3.13 cd/A, a PE of 2.69 lm/W, and a white CIE value of (0.30, 0.34). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

White organic light-emitting diode (WOLED) containing new blue layer was fabricated with a simple device structure, which is deposited by 4-CbzBiz, Alq3, and DCM2 for blue, green, and red. Electroluminescence (EL) performance of WOLED showed current efficiency (CE) of 0.61 cd/A, power efficiency (PE) of 0.22 lm/W and external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 0.85%. The device exhibited EL max wavelength of 444, 511, and 638 nm. The device showed commission International de l'Eclairage (CIE) value of (0.30, 0.33) corresponding to cool white emission. This result can be used with an advantage in white lighting and display application by obtaining a high color rendering index. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new deep-blue chromophores containing hexaphenylbenzene and ethylcarbazole units were synthesized. (E)-9-ethyl-3-(2-(3′,4′,5′,6′-tetraphenyl-[1,1′:2′,1″-terphenyl]-4-yl)vinyl)-9H-carbazole (6P-VC) and 3,3′-((1E,1′E)-(3′,4′,5′,6′-tetraphenyl-[1,1′:2′,1″-terphenyl]-4,4″-diyl)bis(ethene-2,1-diyl))bis(9-ethyl-9H-carbazole) (6P-DVC) showed an ultraviolet-visible absorption at 343 nm and maximum photoluminescence emissions at 417 and 426 nm in solution. Devices doped with 6P-VC and 6P-DVC exhibited a high efficiency of 1.8 and 1.5 cd/A, and external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 3.7 and 1.9%, respectively. The respective devices employing the two materials showed EL maximum wavelengths of 429 and 428 nm. In particular, 6P-VC showed excellent Commission International de l'eclairage Coordinates (CIE) values of (0.16, 0.05). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two blue emitting materials, 4,4'-(chrysene-6,12-diyl)bis(N,N-diphenylaniline) (TPA-C-TPA) and 12-(4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)-N,N- Diphenylchrysen-6-amine (TPA-C-DPA) were prepared with the composition of chrysene core moiety and dipenylamine (DPA) and triphenylamine (TPA) moieties as the side group. Two compounds were used to emitting layer as the dopants (EMLs) in doped device. The doped device using TPA-C-TPA showed current efficiency of 2.49 cd/A and external quantum efficiency of 4.26% at a current density of 10 mA/cm2. The doped device using TPA-C-DPA exhibited CE of 2.28 cd/A and EQE of 3.52% at a current density of 10 mA/cm2. TPA-C-TPA and TPA-C-DPA show the Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.15, 0.06) and (0.14, 0.06) corresponding to the electroluminescence peak at 439 and 444 nm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, we report for the first‐time three‐color white‐light emission with high brightness from white‐emitting PeQD organic light‐emitting diodes (WPeQD‐OLEDs) fabricated using a PeQD material and organic emitters. A WPeQD‐OLED bilayer was prepared by depositing a blue‐emitting organic layer on top of a CsPb(Br/I)3 QD layer mixed with N9,N10‐Bis(4‐(tert‐butyl) phenyl)‐N9,N10‐Di‐o‐Tolylanthracene‐9,10‐Diamine (p‐Tb‐o‐Me‐TAD), which were spin‐coated as red and green emitters, respectively. In the WPeQD‐OLED device, charge carriers were distributed by an 9‐(naphthalen‐1‐yl)‐10‐(naphthalen‐2‐yl)anthracene (α,β‐ADN) blue‐emitting host material with a deep highest occupied molecular orbital level. The electroluminescence (EL) spectra of the WPeQD‐OLEDs showed EL maximum peaks at 460, 527, and 640 nm; the CIE color coordinates of the emitted light were (0.33, 0.40). The EL results confirmed that the maximum luminance was 49,000 cd m ‐2 and the maximum luminance efficiency and power efficiency were 4.48 cd A‐1 and 2.16 lm W ‐1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An 8‐year‐old Miniature Poodle presented with chronic sneezing and unilateral epistaxis. A left‐sided intranasal mass was identified on computed tomography. 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) was performed to evaluate the metabolic activity of the mass. The intranasal mass showed mildly increased 18F‐FDG uptake. The maximal and mean standardized uptake values (SUVs) of the mass were 3.4 and 2.6, respectively. The maximal SUV of the mass/mean SUV of the normal liver was 2.5. The 7‐cm soft, pink mass was easily removed through rhinoscopy, with subsequent dramatic improvement in clinical signs. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses determined that the mass was an intermediate‐grade malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour (PNST). This is the first report of 18F‐FDG PET findings in a PNST in dogs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novel yellow azo pyridone dye derivatives were synthesized for use in image-sensor color filters. The synthesized compounds have a basic chemical structure composed of azo, hydroxy, amide, and nitrile groups as well as different halide groups. New materials were evaluated on the basis of their optical, thermal, and surface properties under conditions mimicking those of a commercial device fabrication process. A comparison of their related performance revealed that, among the four prepared compounds, 5-((4,6-dichlorocyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-yl)diazenyl)-6-hydroxy-1,4-dimethyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carbonitrile (Cl-PAMOPC) exhibited the best performance as an image-sensor color filter material, including a solubility greater than 0.1 wt% in propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate solvent, a high decomposition temperature of 263 °C, and stable color difference values of 4.93 and 3.88 after a thermal treatment and a solvent-resistance test, respectively. The results suggest that Cl-PAMOPC can be used as a green dye additive in an image-sensor colorant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three organic blue-light-emitting tetraphenylethylene (TPE) derivatives that exhibit aggregation-induced emission (AIE) were used as additives in the preparation of inorganic perovskite-structured green-light-emitting materials for three-color white-light emission. For these organic–inorganic light-emitting materials, two-color (blue and green) light-emitting films based on the CsPbBr3 perovskite-structured green-light-emitting inorganic material were prepared. The three TPE derivatives were prepared by varying the number of bromide groups, and a distinct AIE effect was confirmed when the derivatives were dissolved in a water–tetrahydrofuran mixed solvent containing 90 vol% water. When 0.2 molar ratio of the 1,1,2,2-tetrakis(4-bromophenyl)ethylene (TeBrTPE) additive was mixed with nanocrystal-pinning toluene solvent, the green-light-emission photoluminescence quantum efficiency (PLQY) value at 535 nm was 47 times greater than that of the pure bulk CsPbBr3 without additives and a blue emission at 475 nm was observed from the TeBrTPE itself. When a CBP:Ir(piq)3 film was prepared on top of this layer, three PL peaks with maximum wavelength values of 470, 535, and 613 nm were confirmed. The film exhibited white-light emission with CIE color coordinates of (0.25, 0.36). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three blue fluorescent materials were newly synthesized by attaching triphenylamine side groups at their ortho, meta, and para positions to a dual core moiety of anthracene and pyrene, two chromophores with good luminous efficiency; these three materials were 2-(6-(10-(2-(diphenylamino)phenyl)anthracen-9-yl)pyren-1-yl)-N,N-diphenylaniline (o-TPA-AP-TPA), 3-(6-(10-(3-(diphenylamino)phenyl)anthracen-9-yl)pyren-1-yl)-N,N-diphenylaniline (m-TPA-AP-TPA), and 4-(6-(10-(4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)anthracen-9-yl)pyren-1-yl)-N,N-diphenylaniline (p-TPA-AP-TPA), respectively. The optical, thermal, and electroluminescence (EL) properties of the synthesized materials were measured. All three materials were found to be real blue emitters in the solution state and display high PLQY values. A device doped with p-TPA-AP-TPA displayed a very high efficiency of 9.14 cd A−1 and an EQE of 8.38% at a high luminance of 5000 cd m−2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

TP‐AA‐TPB, TP‐AA‐TPB, TPB‐AA‐TPB, TP‐AA‐DPA, TP‐AA‐TPA, and TPB‐AA‐TPA were synthesized using a 9,9′‐bianthracene (AA core). Through a systematic side group change, we optimized the dual‐core chromophore system and investigated the relationship between the core and the side groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New yellow synergist was synthesized for pigment dispersion in pigment ink. 1,4-Butanesultone was applied to Pigment Yellow 74 (PY74) as a hydrophilic functional group in order to synthesize 4-[{2-[(2-Methoxy-4-nitro-phenyl)-(4-sulfo-butyl)-hydrazono]-1-methylene-3-oxo-butyl}-(2-methoxy-phenyl)-amino]-butane-1-sulfonic acid (PY74ASA-2). Whereas pigment showed extremely low solubility in water and organic solvents such as DMSO, DMF and methanol, the synergist was found to have higher solubility than pigment. This result can be interpreted as reduction of particle aggregation by increasing polarity. This synergist applied to pigment ink is expected to improve dispersion property and storage stability of ink. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

DAPCz and DANaPCz have been successfully synthesized and characterized. DAPCz and DANaPCz in film state showed absorption in the range of 322 to 345 nm wavelength and exhibited blue photoluminescence (PL) emission peaks at 428 and 425 nm. PL wavelength of DAPCz is red-shifted by 3 nm than that of DANaPCz, which is due to the carbazole electron donating group of DAPCz. The use of DAPCz in a non-doped OLED device resulted in blue emission with current efficiency of 1.01 cd/A and C.I.E. of (0.26, 0.37). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inkjet technology using pigment requires pigment dispersity as well as the stability in solvents. New synergist PY-150ASA2 was synthesized by substituting 1,4-butane sultone in order to give the dispersity and the stability. The original pigments showed very low solubility in water and organic solvents. PY-150ASA2 has better solubility and stability in water compared to the pigment. Through the storage stability test, PY-150ASA2 disperses well in the pigment and has a smaller particle size than that of the solsperse 22000, a commercialized synergist. Synergest is expected to be applied to pigment inks for the improved performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

TIACA-I, TIACA-II were synthesized by changing the substitution position of the imidazole group in the diazocine core. TIACA-I, TIACA-II in the film state showed absorption in the range of 354 to 392 nm and exhibited blue photoluminescence (PL) emissions at 448 and 462 nm, respectively. The PL wavelength of TIACA-II is red-shifted by 14 nm than that of TIACA-I due to the electron-donating intensity depending on the position of the imidazole group. The use of TIACA-II in a non-doped OLED device resulted in blue emission with current efficiency of 2.84 cd/A and CIE of (0.15, 0.18). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

1-NaAA-DBDA and 2-NaAA-DBDA were designed and synthesized based on dual anthracene and dibenzo-diazocine moieties. In the film state, 1-NaAA-DBDA and 2-NaAA-DBDA exhibited UV-Visible absorption spectra in 354 nm ∼ 399 nm and PL spectra in 435 nm ∼ 438 nm. Applying 1-NaAA-DBDA and 2-NaAA-DBDA to the OLED device as an emitting layer, two materials showed current efficiencies of 1.39 cd A−1 and 2.38 cd A−1 and 0.96% and 1.26% of external quantum efficiency, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The new diazocine derivatives, 2,8-bis(4-(1-(4-(10-(naphthalene-2-yl)anthracen-9-yl)naphthalene-1-yl)-1H -phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazol-2-yl)phenyl)-6H, 12H-5,11-methanodibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocine (NANIDZ-I) and (5S,11S)-2,8-bis(4-(1-(4-(10-(naphthalen-1-yl)anthracen-9-yl)naphtha-lene-1-yl)-1H-phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazol-2-yl)phenyl)-6H, 12H-5, 11-methanodibenzo[b,f][1,5]dizocine (NANIDZ-II) have been successfully synthesized and characterized. It has not only the characteristics of rigid, chiral and C2-symmetry but also charge transport capability and emission. NANIDZ-I and NANIDZ-II were synthesized by changing the substitution position of the imidazole group including various chromophore in the diazocine core. NANIDZ-I device in a non-doped organic light emitting diode resulted in blue emission with luminance efficiency of 4.29 cd/A and CIE of (0.17, 0.25). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The new diazocine derivatives, 1-DAN and 2-DAN have been successfully synthesized and characterized. 1-DAN and 2-DAN, are different the positions of naphthyl substituted in the anthracene. In the film state, 1-DAN and 2-DAN exhibited absorption in the range of 354 to 402 nm and showed blue photoluminescence (PL) emission at 441 and 450 nm. The PL wavelength of 1-DAN was blue-shifted by 9 nm than that of 2-DAC. This is because the conjugation length is decreased by H atom-H atom repulsion between 1-naphthyl and anthracene. Organic light emitting diode (OLED) device using 2-DAN as emitting layer (EML) showed current efficiency of 1.76 cd/A. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

M-DAC and P-DAC have been successfully synthesized and characterized. The ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption of M-DAC and P-DAC showed in the range of 373 nm to 394 nm and exhibited maximum photoluminescence (PL) emissions at 466 and 481 nm in the film state. PL wavelength of P-DAC is red-shifted by 15 nm than that of M-DAC. This is because carbazole is substituted for para position and the conjugation length is increased. M-DAC and P-DAC OLED devices exhibited current efficiency of 3.09 and 2.80 cd/A and C.I.E(x,y) values of (0.17, 0.27) and (0.18,0.33). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

4-Methyl-7-(10-phenyl-anthracen-9-yl)-chromen-2-one (PhAC), 4-Methyl-7-(10-naphthalen-1-yl-anthracen-9-yl)-chromen-2-one (1-NAC), 4-Methyl-7-(10-naphthalen-2-yl-anthracen-9-yl)-chromen-2-one (2-NAC), and 7-Anthracen-9-yl-4-methyl-chromen-2-one (AC) were synthesized through Suzuki aryl-aryl coupling reaction. Four compounds were used as emitting layer (EMLs) in non-doped OLEDs with the following structures: ITO/2-TNATA(60 nm)/NPB(15 nm)/EMLs(35 nm)/Alq3(20 nm)/LiF(1 nm)/Al(200 nm). Non-doped devices showed luminescence efficiency of 2.14, 2.07, 1.52, and 1.12 cd/A at a current density of 10 mA/cm2. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

New carbazole derivatives including coumarin moiety, 7-(3-Carbazol-9-yl-phenyl)-chromen-2-one (C-PCa), 7-(9-Phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-chromen-2-one (PCa-C), 7-[9-(3-Carbazol-9-yl-phenyl)-9H-carbazol-3-yl]-chromen-2-one (PDCa-C) were synthesized by Suzuki reaction. A non-doped OLED was fabricated using the synthesized material as emitting materials. Among the three synthesized compounds, PDCa-C showed the highest efficiency with current efficiency of 1.34 cd/A and C.I.E of (0.18, 0.23) in the current density 10 mA/cm2. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Four emitting compounds, namely, 2,8-Bis-(10-phenanthren-9-yl-anthracen-9-yl)-6H,12H-5,11-methano-dibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocine(AK-4), 2,8-Bis-(10-pyren-1-yl-anthracen-9-yl)-6H,12H-5, 11-methano-dibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocine(AK-5), 2-[10-(9,9-Dimethyl-9,9a-dihydro-4aH-fluoren-2-yl)-anthracen-9-yl]-8-[10-(9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-anthracen-9-yl]-6H,12H-5,11-methano-dibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocine(AK-6) and 2,8-Bis-[10-(spiro-fluroene)-anthracen-9-yl]-6H,12H-5,11-methano-dibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocine(AK-7) were synthesized through Suzuki-coupling reaction. Physical properties such as optical, electroluminescent properties were investigated. UV-Visible spectrum of AK-4, AK-5, AK-6 and AK-7 in film state showed maximum 372, 374, 372 and 373 nm. PL spectrum of AK-4, AK-5, AK-6 and AK-7 showed maximum emission wavelength of 437, 451, 445 and 493 nm. Four compounds were used as EML in OLED device: ITO/2-TNATA(60 nm)/NPB(15 nm)/EML(35 nm)/Alq3(20 nm)/LiF(1 nm)/Al(200 nm). AK-6 OLED device showed C.I.E. value of (0.16, 0.20) and luminance efficiency of 2.67 cd/A. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new synergists are proposed for pigment dispersion in pigment ink. Benzoic acid was applied to Pigment Yellow 74 (PY-74) and Pigment Yellow 150 (PY-150) as a hydrophilic functional group to synthesize (E)-4-(((3-(2-(2-methoxy-4-nitrophenyl)hydrazono)-4-oxopent-1-en-2-yl)(2-methoxyphenyl)am-ino)methyl)benzoic acid (SY-41) and (E)-4-((2,4,6-trioxo-5-((2,4,6-trioxohexahydropyrimidin-5-yl)di- azenyl)tetrahy-dropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)methyl)benzoic acid (SY-43). Whereas pigment showed extremely low solubility in water and organic solvents like DMSO, DMF and methanol, two synergists were found to have higher solubility than pigment. This result can be interpreted as reduction of particle aggregation by increased polarity. Two synergists applied to pigment ink are expected to improve dispersion property and storage stability of ink. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four new diazocine derivatives including anthracene moiety, 2,8-Bis-[3-(10-naphthalen-2-yl-anthracen-9-yl)-phenyl]-6H,12H-5, 11-methano-dibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocine(AK14), 2,8-Bis-[2-(10-naphthalen-2-yl-anthrac-en-9-yl)-phenyl]-6H,12H-5,11-methano-dibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocine(AK15), 2,8-Bis-[4-(10-phenyl-anthracen-9-yl)-phenyl]-6H,12H-5,11-methano-dib-enzo[b,f][1,5]diazocine(AK20), 2,8-Bis-[2-(10-phenyl-anthracen-9-yl)-ph-enyl]-6H,12H-5,11-methano-dibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocine(AK21) were synth-esized. Those materials exhibited photoluminescence (PL) maximum value of about 411∼428 nm in solution state and 429∼483 nm in film state, respectively. Four compounds were used as EML in OLED device: ITO / 2-TNATA (60 nm) / NPB (15 nm) / EML (35 nm) / Alq3 (20 nm) / LiF / Al. OLED devices, fabricated by AK14, AK20 and AK21, showed the current efficiency with 2.16cd/A, 0.28cd/A and 1.56cd/A. The OLED device, fabricated by AK15, showed the best performance with 2.83cd/A, 1.25lm/W and CIE(x,y) = (0.16, 0.23). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The new anthracene derivatives including diazocine, (5S,11S)-2,8-bis(10-phenylanthracen-9-yl)-6,12-dihydro-5,11-ethanodibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocine (AK-P) and (5S,11S)-4,4′-((6,12-dihydro-5,11-methanodibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocine-2,8-diyl)bis(anthracene-10,9-diyl))-dibenzonitrile (AK-PCN) have been successfully synthesized and characterized. The ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption of AK-P and AK-PCN showed in the range of 354 to 393 and exhibited maximum photoluminescence (PL) emissions at 458 and 463 nm, respectively in the film state. This slight red-shift in PL spectra of AK-PCN may be due to the polarity of the CN, electron withdrawing group. Using the AK-P as an emitting layer (EML), a non-doped organic light emitting diode (OLED) device resulted in blue emission with current efficiency of 1.37 cd/A and C.I.E. of (0.20, 0.25). AK-P exhibited a higher EL efficiency than that of AK-PCN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 16-year-old castrated male Persian cat was presented with weight loss, anorexia and dyspnoea. Tachycardia and tachypnoea were observed upon presentation. The cat was previously diagnosed with hyperthyroidism and left ventricular hypertrophy and received methimazole, but was subsequently not followed up and treated appropriately. Thoracic radiography revealed mild pleural effusion, interstitial lung pattern, moderate cardiomegaly and moderate-to-severe dilation of the pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein. On echocardiography, the left ventricular hypertrophy, identified earlier, shoed partial regression. Therefore, the previous myocardial hypertrophy was diagnosed as a hypertrophic cardiomyopathy phenotype related to hyperthyroidism. ST-segment elevation was identified on electrocardiography, and the thyroid profile examination revealed increased total thyroxine and free thyroxine and decreased thyroid-stimulating hormone levels, suggesting myocardial injury and uncontrolled hyperthyroidism, respectively. In addition, normal N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide and high cardiac troponin I levels were found. Based on these findings, the observed congestive heart failure was considered as a sequel of myocardial injury caused by uncontrolled hyperthyroidism. Clinical signs resolved after intravenous administration of furosemide and butorphanol, oxygen supply and thoracocentesis. Furosemide and pimobendan were additionally administered, and the cat was discharged. This case demonstrates that myocardial damage due to chronic uncontrolled hyperthyroidism may cause heart failure in cats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two emitting compounds, 9,10-bis-[1,1′;3′,1′′]terphenyl-5′-yl-1,5-di-o-tolyl-anthracene [TP-DTA-TP] and 9,10-bis-phenyl[1,1′;3′,1′′]triphenyl-5′-yl-1,5-di-o-tolyl-anthracene [TPB-DTA-TPB] based on new twisted core moiety were synthesized through boration, Suzuki reaction, and Sandmeyer reactions. EL performance was improved by varying the chemical structure of the side group. Physical properties such as optical, electrochemical, and electroluminescent properties were investigated. Synthesized compounds were used as an EML in OLED device: ITO / 2-TNATA (60nm) / NPB (15nm)/ TP-DTA-TP or TPB-DTA-TPB (35 nm) / Alq3 (20nm) / LiF (1nm) / Al (200nm). It was found that TPB-DTA-TPB showed higher luminance efficiency and better C.I.E. value than TP-DTA-TP device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New green emitting compounds based on tris(N-methylindolo)benzene (NMT), anthracene and pyrene were synthesized. NMT-An and NMT-Py were used as an emitting layer in OLED device to examine emitting property. OLED device containing NMT-An emitting layer and conventional hole transporting layer (HTL) of NPB was found to exhibit better characteristics compared to NMT-Py. And that device showed maximum EL emission at 502 nm and 550 nm, CIE coordinates (0.38, 0.48), and a luminance efficiency of 2.06 cd/A. Also when NMT and NMT-An were used as a HTL instead of NPB, the device including NMT-An emitter showed 2.67 cd/A and 2.29 cd/A in luminance efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three new emitting compounds of 5P-VCB, 5P-VAn and 5P-VPy for OLED based on hexaphenylbenzene moiety were synthesized. Physical properties by the change of the substitution groups of the synthesized materials were systematically examined. Photoluminescence spectrum of the synthesized materials showed maximum emitting wavelengths of about 420∼487 nm in solution state and 452∼488 nm in film state, indicating blue emission color. OLED devices were fabricated by the synthesized compounds using vacuum deposition process as an emitting layer. Current efficiencies and CIE values of 5P-VCB, 5P-VAn and 5P-VPy were 1.76, 0.38 and 7.91 cd/A and (0.15, 0.07), (0.20, 0.31) and (0.20, 0.36), respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highly efficient blue emitting materials consisting of dual core derivatives with phenyl and/or naphthyl side groups and asymmetric or symmetric structures were designed and synthesized. The asymmetric structures 1-naphthalen-1-yl-6-(10-phenyl-anthracen-9-yl)-pyrene (Ph-AP-Na) and 1-(10-naphthalen-1-yl-anthracen-9-yl)-6-phenyl-pyrene (Na-AP-Ph), and the symmetric structures 1-phenyl-6-(10-phenyl-anthracen-9-yl)-pyrene (Ph-AP-Ph) and 1-naphthalen-1-yl-6-(10-naphthalen-1-yl-anthracen-9-yl)-pyrene (Na-AP-Na) were synthesized. Of the synthesized compounds, Na-AP-Na was found to exhibit the highest EL device efficiency of 5.46 cd A−1. Ph-AP-Na, Na-AP-Ph, Ph-AP-Ph, and Na-AP-Na exhibit EL maximum values of real blue color in the range 455 nm to 463 nm. The y values of their color coordinates are within the range 0.125 to 0.142, so these compounds exhibit good blue color coordinates for displays. The lifetime of the Na-AP-Na device was more than three times longer than that of the AP dual core (1-anthracen-9-yl-pyrene) device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

White emission with two sharp strong peaks - a molecular emission peak at 455nm an excimer emission peak at 591nm - was obtained by introducing a terphenyl group into a highly twisted core chromophore, which promoted a molecular orientation in the film state suitable for excimer formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]