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The article offers the insights of British theologian John Milbank on aspects regarding modernity. He states that modernity and postmodernity have both committed to the importance of violence in ontological and socio-political actualization. He mentions that the interpretation of difference in terms of negativity leads to the acceptance of the necessity of violence. He adds that the criticism of negativity is a critique of reasons in terms of aesthetics.

Discusses how the determination of neutralization potential (NP) of mining wastes is an essential part of waste characterization for acid rock drainage (ARD) prediction. Interpretation of NP values requires consideration of the mineralogical composition of the waste. Different minerals can neutralize acid drainage at different rates and in different pH ranges. The test conditions of widely used laboratory procedures to determine NP do not distinguish between such differences and overestimation of NP can often result. A simple procedure is proposed in which the effective NP is calculated based on mineralogical composition and the relative reactivities of component minerals. Mineralogical composition is calculated from easily determined analytical values using a CIPW normative procedure. Comparison of calculated NP values for 92 samples with experimentally determined values from tests designed to prevent the overestimation of NP indicates that the method is successful in predicting an effective NP value in most cases. The procedure is considered to be a cost-effective means of providing confident routine ARD prediction when used in combination with other tests and analyses.