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There is a need to investigate the effect of lifestyle modifications on cardiometabolic health-related issues that occur during menopause. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of resistance and endurance circuit training program alone (exercise group, n = 34) with the effect of time-restricted eating (16:8) combined with a training program (combination group, n = 28) on cardiometabolic health in 62 menopausal women (aged 51.3 ± 4.69 years). Testing was conducted before and after a 12-week period and included an assessment of body composition, glycemic control, lipid panel, blood pressure, and anthropometric measurements. Decreases in body mass index and systolic blood pressure were significantly greater in the combination group than in the exercise group (F(1,60) = 4.482, p = 0.038, η2 = 0.07; F(1,57) = 5.215, p = 0.026, η2 = 0.08, respectively, indicating moderate effects). There were significant decreases in fat mass (p = 0.001, r = 0.654), glucose level (p = 0.017, r = 0.459), insulin level (p = 0.013, r = 0.467), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (p = 0.009, r = 0.499), waist circumference (p = 0.002, r = 0.596), and waist-to-height ratio (p = 0.003, r = 0.588) (indicating moderate effect) in the combination group, while there were no significant changes in the exercise group. There were no changes in lipid panel indicators in either group. This is the first study to investigate the effect of time-restricted eating combined with exercise in menopausal women. The results of the study provide evidence that the combination of time-restricted eating and exercise leads to a greater body mass index reduction than exercise alone in menopausal women. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT06138015 registered 18 November 2023—Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06138015. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physical literacy (PL) is a lifelong process of developing the motivation, confidence, physical competence, knowledge and understanding to value and take responsibility for engaging in physical activity throughout life. It is also an important concept for understanding and promoting physical activity in children and adolescents and is becoming a theoretical basis for analysing physical education in schools. One of the best known, well-operationalised assessments of PL is the Canadian Assessment of Physical Literacy – CAPL-2. The aim of the study was to translate and culturally adapt the CAPL-2 questionnaires in two EU languages, German and Polish. Data from Poland and Germany were combined for this study, with a total sample size of N=802, consisting of 58.6% Polish and 41.4% German students. We used the TRAPD (the Translation, Review, Adjudication, Pre-test and Documentation) approach to translate the CAPL-2 questionnaires. The main results of this study show that the proposed Polish and German versions of the CAPL-2 questionnaires are satisfactory for use in research or for teachers to assess PL in physical education. Our results also indicate better predictive characteristics of the CAPL-2 questionnaires for children who are very close to or who meet the moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) recommendations for health as defined by the WHO. We recommend that adaptations be made that are consistent with the original Canadian version, but which are deeply embedded in the language and culture of the country in question, especially in their wording and terminology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Negative body image in female adolescents is a sign of the times, but it is also a current global issue due to its implications for the onset of health-compromising behaviours and the increasing power of appearance-based social media. The aim of this study is to investigate the protective role of a life-skills based intervention during PE classes in adolescent girls against increasing body dissatisfaction resulting from body composition changes and to assess the impact of intervention on the skill of setting goals. Method: The study involved 81 female students aged 12–14 years and used a pre-test/post-test control group design. Students participating in a 15-lesson programme (experimental group) were compared to those who had regular PE lessons (control group). Students completed self-reported measures of the analysed life skills. Anthropometric and body composition measurements were also taken. Results: Despite more rapid biological changes during the programme (significantly higher waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, BMI at post-test compared to the control group, not observed at baseline) the experimental group stayed at the same level of body dissatisfaction as at baseline ("mild concern"). In goal setting, lack of participation in the programme produced a negative change in the performance-avoid goal orientation (PAGO) dimension (p=0.005) in the control group. Conclusions: The study suggests that a preventive intervention targeting life skills can be successfully implemented in PE settings and have a probable mitigating effect on body image dissatisfaction, even in situations when subjects experience intensive biological changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Before starting PA, pregnant women should select the appropriate type of training and adjust its components to the development of pregnancy and her capabilities. This review aimed to analyze current recommendations for pregnant women on methods for determining and assessing PA intensity levels and characterize the extent and nature of the information provided to pregnant women in official documents published by public health and sports medicine institutions. Methods: The review was conducted as per the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). We searched scientific databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Academic Search Complete, and SPORTDiscus with Full Text via EBSCO) and the Internet to identify papers regarding recommendations for the PA intensity level for pregnant women. We analyzed 22 eligible guidelines, published over the last 10 years in English, from nine countries and three international organizations. Results: The PA of pregnant women should be at a moderate level. As for higher levels, the analyzed recommendations are contradictory. Methods for assessing PA intensity levels are often not included. The most frequently recommended methods for determining and assessing the PA intensity level for pregnant women are the rating of perceived exertion, the Talk Test, and heart rate measurements. Few guidelines offer specific advice for highly active women (e.g., elite athletes) or trimester-specific considerations. Conclusions: The number of published recommendations regarding PA during pregnancy has increased over the last decade. The amount of information on PA intensity levels is still insufficient. There is a need to update them, based on high-quality scientific work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This study assessed the relationships between the current level of physical activity (PA) and PA in childhood and the level of physical fitness (PF) of obese people aged 40+ with co-existing hypertension (HT). The study included 82 obese patients with co-existing HT in their history. In order to assess the level of PA, we used the IPAQ. PF was assessed by observing the performance of patients in a fitness test (a 30-s chair stand, a handgrip strength test, a sit-and-reach test, a one leg stand test, a plank test, a wall squat test, and a 2-min step-in-place test). According to the IPAQ category, 24.4% were classified as having a high level of PA, 45.1% a sufficient level of PA, and 30.5% an insufficient level of PA. We noted that the higher the level of PA, the higher the PF—even in obese participants with HT. On the other hand, co-existing diabetes lowered almost all analysed parameters, both biochemical and fitness. The current PA level, a deficiency in which seems to be related to low PF and/or HT, does seem to be related to the degree of PF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Health-related fitness is a good predictor of health status of children and adults. Less is known about relationships of health-related fitness components between parents and children. Methods: Our study involved 58 children (30 girls and 28 boys, mean age = 7.97) and 58 parents (33 mothers, mean age = 39.32, and 25 fathers, mean age = 38.73) who were voluntarily enrolled in the program in 3 selected primary schools in the city of Poznan, Poland. Physical fitness was measured using the Eurofit test battery. Assessment of body composition was performed by measuring the bioimpedance. Results: Positive relationships were found among the levels of strength of abdominal muscle, flexibility of parents, and the slenderness of children. Slimmer parents also had more physically active children. Body composition parameters also were related to physical activity. More relationships were found between children and parents of the same sex. Conclusion: Data support the hypothesis that health-related risk factors are linked between parents and children and that sex plays an important role in these relationships. Our findings reinforce the need to develop health promotion programs that include children and their parents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In recent years a steady increase in the number of obese people has been observed worldwide. This problem is also increasingly applicable to children and adolescents. In this study, we conducted a meta-analysis of studies carried out in Poland over ten years (2005-2015) which analysed the diet of preschool children and assessed how significantly it affects the prevention of diet-dependent disease.Material and Methods: Two of the researchers independently performed a systematic search of Medline, Embase, Google Scholar, and the Polish Medical Bibliography to find studies published between 2005 and 2015. The variance of the means of differences between selected factors in relation to dietary guidelines and standards for preschool children was estimated by summing the individual variances of means. The means of differences between selected factors across the studies were pooled using random-effects model meta-analysis.Results: The analysis included a total of 2095 children. Mean protein content in the diet of children studied is 111% higher than indicated in dietary recommendations for this age group; mean consumption of carbohydrates in the study group is 24% higher than recommended. In moderately high calorie diets, analysis showed that the recommended norm is exceeded by 47%, CE 0.77, p < 0.001.Conclusions: Nutrient intake is not compliant with recommendations for this age group and could not only inhibit physical development, but also increase the risk of diet-dependent diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the motives for undertaking physical activity (PA) and the intensity of PA in Polish adolescents. Methods. The study included 1,231 students, 515 boys (age 16.2 ± 0.7 years) and 716 girls (age 16.3 ± 0.6 years). The participants were recruited from secondary schools in 20 conurbations throughout Poland. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Long Form and the Motives for Physical Activity Measure-Revised were used. Results. In boys, all motives predicted a 10.4% variance in vigorous intensity of PA (F(5, 509) = 11.822, p < .001). Higher scores on competence and appearance motives for PA were found to be predictors of higher level of vigorous intensity of PA. In girls, all motives explained a 7.4% variance in vigorous intensity of PA (F(5, 710) = 11.292, p < .001). Higher scores on competence and appearance motives for PA were found to be predictors of higher level of vigorous intensity of PA. Conclusions. This study shows that competence and appearance related motives for PA are important motivations for Polish adolescent girls and boys in undertaking vigorous intensity PA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to examine the role of physical education (PE) teacher and classmate support in relation to sex and BMI status in adolescents' physical activity (PA) in Kosovo. A Classmate and Teacher Support Scale (with additional questions) was used on a cross-sectional sample of 608 girls and 620 boys aged 15-18, randomly selected from secondary schools of seven major municipalities in Kosovo. PA level was determined with a Physical Activity Screening Measure questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and a three-way ANOVA, along with Tukey's HSD post hoc test, were employed. The findings showed the levels of teacher and classmate support to be important factors in stimulating adolescents' PA. It was found that boys with normal weight, high support from teachers, and medium or high support from classmates were more physically active, compared with girls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The purpose of the article is to characterise the assessment of the Internet sites by physical education and physiotherapy students using the DISCERN questionnaire. An attempt has also been made to indicate the determinants of the overall final assessment of individual health-related Internet sites from 2005 to 2009. Material/Methods: The survey was carried out in 2005 and 2009 among 376 physical education and physiotherapy students at the University School of Physical Education in Poznań. The students assessed five Polish health-related websites. They used the DISCERN questionnaire to rate the quality of health information and filled in the ME & INTERNET questionnaire produced by the author. Results: Over the analysed period students' Internet activity significantly increased (p<0.003) in almost all the analysed areas (with the exception of chatting). Physical education and physiotherapy students differ significantly (p<0.05) in their assessment of the analysed websites. The quality of health-related websites rated by the students is above average; however, the quality of the websites related to sport and physical activity is of the average level. Conclusions: In the students' opinion, the majority of analysed websites did not improve over the four years. The flaws in the analysed websites noted by the students concerned references and supplementary sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]