3,864 results on '"LEGAL documents"'
Search Results
2. I beg to differ: how disagreement is handled in the annotation of legal machine learning data sets.
- Author
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Braun, Daniel
- Subjects
LEGAL documents ,ANNOTATIONS & citations (Law) ,MACHINE learning ,ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,PREDICTION models - Abstract
Legal documents, like contracts or laws, are subject to interpretation. Different people can have different interpretations of the very same document. Large parts of judicial branches all over the world are concerned with settling disagreements that arise, in part, from these different interpretations. In this context, it only seems natural that during the annotation of legal machine learning data sets, disagreement, how to report it, and how to handle it should play an important role. This article presents an analysis of the current state-of-the-art in the annotation of legal machine learning data sets. The results of the analysis show that all of the analysed data sets remove all traces of disagreement, instead of trying to utilise the information that might be contained in conflicting annotations. Additionally, the publications introducing the data sets often do provide little information about the process that derives the "gold standard" from the initial annotations, often making it difficult to judge the reliability of the annotation process. Based on the state-of-the-art, the article provides easily implementable suggestions on how to improve the handling and reporting of disagreement in the annotation of legal machine learning data sets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. A RDF-based graph to representing and searching parts of legal documents.
- Author
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Oliveira, Francisco de and Oliveira, Jose Maria Parente de
- Subjects
LEGAL documents ,RDF (Document markup language) ,SEMANTIC Web ,JUSTICE administration ,CONCEPTUAL models ,WEB portals ,HTML (Document markup language) ,PDF (Computer file format) - Abstract
Despite the public availability of legal documents, there is a need for finding specific information contained in them, such as paragraphs, clauses, items and so on. With such support, users could find more specific information than only finding whole legal documents. Some research efforts have been made in this area, but there is still a lot to be done to have legal information available more easily to be found. Thus, due to the large number of published legal documents and the high degree of connectivity, simple access to the document is not enough. It is necessary to recover the related legal framework for a specific need. In other words, the retrieval of the set of legal documents and their parts related to a specific subject is necessary. Therefore, in this work, we present a proposal of a RDF-based graph to represent and search parts of legal documents, as the output of a set of terms that represents the pursued legal information. Such a proposal is well-grounded on an ontological view, which makes possible to describe the general structure of a legal system and the structure of legal documents, providing this way the grounds for the implementation of the proposed RDF graph in terms of the meaning of their parts and relationships. We posed several queries to retrieve parts of legal documents related to sets of words and the results were significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Bringing legal knowledge to the public by constructing a legal question bank using large-scale pre-trained language model.
- Author
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Yuan, Mingruo, Kao, Ben, Wu, Tien-Hsuan, Cheung, Michael M. K., Chan, Henry W. H., Cheung, Anne S. Y., Chan, Felix W. H., and Chen, Yongxi
- Subjects
LEGAL documents ,LEGAL literature ,LEGAL education ,LEGAL professions ,INFORMATION technology ,LINGUISTIC models ,CIVIL law - Abstract
Access to legal information is fundamental to access to justice. Yet accessibility refers not only to making legal documents available to the public, but also rendering legal information comprehensible to them. A vexing problem in bringing legal information to the public is how to turn formal legal documents such as legislation and judgments, which are often highly technical, to easily navigable and comprehensible knowledge to those without legal education. In this study, we formulate a three-step approach for bringing legal knowledge to laypersons, tackling the issues of navigability and comprehensibility. First, we translate selected sections of the law into snippets (called CLIC-pages), each being a small piece of article that focuses on explaining certain technical legal concept in layperson's terms. Second, we construct a Legal Question Bank, which is a collection of legal questions whose answers can be found in the CLIC-pages. Third, we design an interactive CLIC Recommender. Given a user's verbal description of a legal situation that requires a legal solution, CRec interprets the user's input and shortlists questions from the question bank that are most likely relevant to the given legal situation and recommends their corresponding CLIC pages where relevant legal knowledge can be found. In this paper we focus on the technical aspects of creating an LQB. We show how large-scale pre-trained language models, such as GPT-3, can be used to generate legal questions. We compare machine-generated questions against human-composed questions and find that MGQs are more scalable, cost-effective, and more diversified, while HCQs are more precise. We also show a prototype of CRec and illustrate through an example how our 3-step approach effectively brings relevant legal knowledge to the public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. When activists speak law to powerholders: comparative insights.
- Author
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Bailly, Jessy
- Subjects
LEGAL norms ,LEGAL documents ,COMPARATIVE law ,ACTIVISM ,CONSCIOUSNESS - Abstract
This paper examines the extrajudicial use of legal norms by activists. It aims to show how law serves as a useful symbolic resource for activists to strengthen their strategies for political pressure outside the courts. It does this through a qualitative investigation of six citizen debt audit groups from three European countries (France, Belgium, and Spain). Based on an analysis of legal provisions mobilised by activists in public documents, when addressing decision-makers, and in interviews, we identify several common uses of the law: the 'legal call to order'; the 'contradiction game between norms of the same legal order'; the 'call to derogation of certain norms'; and, the 'call to produce new norms'. This work is a valuable contribution to legal consciousness studies. We assert that activists have a complex legal consciousness, being neither completely enchanted ('before the law'), nor completely withdrawn ('against the law'). In their political interventions, the citizen audit groups under study rely on certain legal norms that they consider legitimate to make claims, while they seek to disqualify others of the same legal order. One can thus contest positive law without being against the law per se. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Liability for Copyright Infringement During the Performance of Sovereign Functions.
- Subjects
COPYRIGHT infringement ,INTELLECTUAL property ,LEGAL documents ,EUROPEAN Convention on Human Rights - Abstract
The article discusses a ruling by the Austrian Supreme Court on the liability for copyright infringement by university lecturers acting in their official capacity. Topics include the official nature of educational activities, the non-liability of universities and professors for such infringements, and the federal government's role in addressing these issues.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. THE URGENCY OF TERMINATING INVESTIGATIONS IN HANDLING CORRUPTION CASES IN THE JURISDICTION OF THE HIGH PROSECUTOR'S OFFICE SOUTH SULAWESI.
- Author
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Poernomo, Sri Lestari, Zulkarnaen, Rahman, Sufirman, and Malik, Prayudi
- Subjects
CORRUPTION investigation ,LEGAL documents ,CRIME ,PROSECUTORS ,QUANTITATIVE research ,CRIMINAL procedure ,POLITICAL corruption - Abstract
Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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8. Dictionaries as authorities? The problematic use of Chinese dictionaries by missionaries in the Rites Controversy.
- Author
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Meynard, Thierry
- Subjects
CHINESE language ,CHINESE characters ,LEGAL documents ,SEVENTEENTH century ,RITES & ceremonies - Abstract
In the seventeenth century, missionaries in China translated a vast array of Chinese works, including classics, official histories, and legal documents. Their translations have been analysed through several perspectives, yet their use of Chinese dictionaries has been largely overlooked. In the context of the Rites Controversy, between the Jesuits on one side and the Dominican and Franciscan friars on the other, precise references to authoritative Chinese dictionaries were made to corroborate their interpretation of Chinese rituals as either religious or secular. This article first describes why and how missionaries started from the early beginning of the mission in the 1580s to write their own bilingual dictionaries based on existing Western and Chinese dictionaries. Then, it considers how the same dictionaries became an important reference when the Rites Controversy erupted in the 1630s. Based on manuscript and printed documents written until 1670, three Chinese characters which became the focus of competing interpretations are discussed: miao as temple versus hall, ji as sacrifice versus offering, and sheng as prophet versus wise man. Besides the problem of biased translations on both sides, we shall show that there was a more fundamental reason which prevented the missionaries from settling their controversy using dictionaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. CANCEL CULTURE: ISLAMIC LAW AND PUBLIC POLICY CHALLENGES IN THE DIGITAL AGE.
- Author
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Fikri, Muhammad
- Subjects
ISLAMIC law ,SOCIAL media ,DIGITAL technology ,GOVERNMENT policy ,LAW enforcement ,LEGAL documents ,RIGHT of privacy - Abstract
Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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10. TQM's presence within legal systems: example of impact on Australian higher education.
- Author
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Padró, Fernando F., Trimmer, Karen, Chang, Heejin, and Green, Jonathan H.
- Subjects
LEGAL documents ,NEW public management ,GOVERNMENT policy ,ADMINISTRATIVE procedure ,ADMINISTRATIVE law - Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the extent to which TQM has influenced the legal system in Australia, an area seldom investigated in the quality or legal literature. Design/methodology/approach: Documentary and policy analysis of legislation, rules and rulemaking documentation based on a partial application of historical-policy analysis (HPA). Textual analysis was based on Dean and Bowen's (1994) definition of TQM and Vinni's (2007) review of new public management and Swiss (1992) "reformed TQM" concepts. Findings: Australia's Tertiary Education Quality and Standards Agency Act of 2011 and supporting legal documents such as Guidance Notes include language reflective of TQM principles, providing evidence that present-day administrative law schemes include TQM practices and tools to undergird procedures of regulatory expectations (sometimes in the form of standards), monitoring and general operations. Oftentimes, it is the supporting legal documentation where TQM practices are found and operationalized. Research limitations/implications: This is a proof-of-concept research study to determine the feasibility to identify TQM concepts within the existing language of legal statutes and supporting regulatory documentation. As such this study worked out the preliminary research challenges in performing this type of analysis. Practical implications: Understanding TQM's impact on legal systems expands the system's perspective of organizations that do not always factor in the influence government policy has on organizational behaviours and outlooks. More specifically, understanding TQM's influence sheds insight on regulatory requirements imposed on a sector and the normative aspects of regulatory compliance that impact the operations and strategic planning of organizations. Social implications: The article provides an example of how legal administrative rulemaking influences organizational operational and strategic activities to remain viable in the organization's business or industrial sector. Originality/value: There are few research papers or literature reviews pertaining to the subject of TQM concepts embedded in laws and regulations, most of which date from the 1980s through early 2000s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Organisational Drift and Turkish Education System.
- Author
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Aydın, İnayet
- Subjects
LEGAL documents ,COVID-19 pandemic ,EDUCATIONAL change ,FAILURE (Psychology) ,LEAD time (Supply chain management) - Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Faculty of Educational Sciences is the property of Ankara University, Faculty of Educational Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
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12. 中國大陸期貨糾紛線上調解機制之 反思與完善.
- Author
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丁朋超 and 呂剛鳳
- Subjects
FUTURES ,FINANCIAL markets ,LEGAL documents ,FINANCIAL security ,ACTIONS & defenses (Law) - Abstract
Copyright of Taiwan Law Review is the property of Angle Publishing Co., Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
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13. THE EXISTENCE OF LAW NO. 5 OF 1960 ON THE GOVERNOR'S INSTRUCTIONS DIY No: K.898/I/A/75 OWNERSHIP OF LAND RIGHTS BY CHINESE WRITERS VIEWED FROM JUSTICE PERSPECTIVE.
- Author
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Nachrawi, Gunawan
- Subjects
LAND tenure ,INDONESIANS ,PROPERTY rights ,CHINESE authors ,JURISPRUDENCE ,LEGAL documents ,EQUAL rights - Abstract
Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
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14. THE NATURE AND EXISTENCE OF JURISPRUDENCE IN STATE ADMINISTRATIVE COURTS IN INDONESIA.
- Author
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Razak, Askari, Perdana, Taufik, Rahman, Abd., and Thalib, Hambali
- Subjects
JURISPRUDENCE ,JUDGES ,JUSTICE ,JUDICIAL process ,JUSTICE administration ,LEGAL documents ,DECISION making ,JUDICIAL power - Abstract
Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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15. Pastoral Land Rights and Environmental Resource Governance and Sustainability along Ethiopia–Kenya border.
- Author
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Defere, Girma, Mulugeta, Messay, and Tolera, Teferi
- Subjects
LITERATURE reviews ,LEGAL documents ,NONGOVERNMENTAL organizations ,LAND tenure ,PROPERTY rights - Abstract
Past studies mainly focused on the effects of the lack of a pastoral land tenure security system. There is scarcity of evidence regarding the effects of pastoral land tenure insecurity in the context of cross-border environmental resource governance and sustainability that the present study attempted to contribute. The main objective of this study is therefore to assess how far the state land tenure system has impacted environmental resource governance and sustainability along the Ethiopia–Kenya border. The study employed a qualitative method in which key informant interviews, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions were utilized as the primary data collection methods; moreover, the legal documents of the two states, journal articles, official reports of governmental, and nongovernmental organizations report and other relevant secondary sources were assessed in the review of the literature. Data were collected from various respondents from the pastoralists, nongovernmental organizations, and government bodies from local, national, regional, and international organization representatives. The findings of the study showed that in both states, the government laws and policies adopted have not taken into account the pastoral way of life. In addition, the lack of tenure security for the pastoralists has endangered cross-border environmental resource governance and sustainability. The pastoral landholding system is communally influenced mainly by states' interests and human encroachments. It is vital that pastoral policies should accommodate pastoral felt needs and interests in which the voices of pastoralists are heard in the policy-making process; hence, there should be a special representation for the pastoral people in the regional and federal legislature (in Ethiopia) and central government parliament (in Kenya), and there should be a cross-border pastoralists forum to ensure better environmental resource governance in the borderland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. "صلاحيات المدعي العام في المحكمة الجنائية الدولية")د ا رسة تحليلية (
- Author
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خوله يحي الزهران ي
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL criminal courts ,LEGAL documents ,INTERNATIONAL courts ,CRIMINAL procedure ,LEGAL judgments ,INTERNATIONAL crimes - Abstract
Copyright of Arab Journal for Scientific Publishing is the property of Research & Development of Human Recourses Center (REMAH) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
17. Patents and Public Health: State Responsibility to Opt for a Balanced Approach.
- Author
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Butt, Saima, Shaukat, Kamran, Alam, Talha Mahboob, and Jan, Tony
- Subjects
INTELLECTUAL property ,LEGAL documents ,RIGHT to health ,HEALTH facilities ,JUSTICE administration - Abstract
The topic of public health is indispensable to talk about. It is essential to discuss new inventions, new and improved treatments, and their efficiencies with different combinations, but one thing that is important to remember is whether these inventions are available for those in need. Availability concerns are linked with affordability, as the affordability of a drug determines its consumption; furthermore, affordability can lead to overconsumption. The Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement provides flexibility to control the misuse of patent monopolies. The object of this research is twofold: one is to investigate whether and how Pakistan incorporates TRIPS flexibilities in its national patent legislation, and the second is to find out the reason for unaffordable cancer treatment in Pakistan. This research highlights that the use of TRIPS flexibilities in Pakistan will help the state authorities to provide better health facilities to the public generally as well as particularly in cancer cases, as cancer treatment in Pakistan is unaffordable. The methodology applied for this research is primarily comparative and bears the qualitative aspect of the issue. This research concludes that Pakistan's legal system fails to incorporate effective legal provisions related to TRIPS flexibilities, and it also highlights that the ever-greening of patents results in the high prices of cancer medicines in Pakistan. This research further recommended that there is a dire need to incorporate and use TRIPS flexibilities in the country to control the high prices of cancer treatment and cancer mortality rate in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. MULTILINGUAL EDUCATIONAL PRACTICES AT PRE-PRIMARY LEVEL IN SLOVENIA, AUSTRIA, ITALY AND CROATIA: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS.
- Author
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ŽEFRAN, MOJCA, TASLIMI, NATASCHA J., TONIOLO, SILVIA, and LAZARIČ, LORENA
- Subjects
MULTILINGUAL education ,PRESCHOOL education ,LEGAL documents ,MULTICULTURALISM ,MULTILINGUALISM ,CULTURAL pluralism - Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Elementary Education / Revija za Elementarno Izobraževanje is the property of University of Maribor, Faculty of Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
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19. Entwicklungen und Besonderheiten zum Gestaltungsmissbrauch in Österreich.
- Author
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Wimpissinger, Christian
- Subjects
TAX evasion ,TAX laws ,LEGAL documents ,ALLOCATION (Accounting) ,LEGAL judgments ,TAX planning ,INDIVIDUAL retirement accounts ,DOUBLE taxation - Abstract
Copyright of FinanzRundschau is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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20. Verändert das Steuerrecht das Personengesellschaftsrecht? – Neue Entwicklungen zu Gewinnabführungsverträgen mit Personengesellschaften.
- Author
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Krüger, Astrid
- Subjects
CORPORATE taxes ,PROFIT & loss ,GENERAL partnership ,LEGAL documents ,RF values (Chromatography) ,PARTNERSHIP agreements - Abstract
Copyright of FinanzRundschau is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
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21. Trends over 50 years with liberal abortion laws in the Nordic countries.
- Author
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Skjeldestad, Finn Egil, Gissler, Mika, Geirsson, Reynir Tómas, Heino, Anna, Sigbjörnsdottir, Hildur Björk, Akerkar, Rupali, Gemzell-Danielsson, Kristina, Heikinheimo, Oskari, and Løkeland, Mette
- Subjects
FETAL ultrasonic imaging ,ABORTION laws ,ABORTION ,PREGNANCY tests ,FETAL abnormalities ,ABORTIFACIENTS ,LEGAL documents - Abstract
Background: During the 1970s the Nordic countries liberalized their abortion laws. Objective: We assessed epidemiological trends for induced abortion on all Nordic countries, considered legal similarities and diversities, effects of new medical innovations and changes in practical and legal provisions during the subsequent years. Methods: New legislation strengthened surveillance of induced abortion in all countries and mandated hospitals that performed abortions to report to national abortion registers. Published data from the Nordic abortion registers were considered and new comparative analyses done. The data cover complete national populations. Results and conclusions: After an increase in abortion rates during the first years following liberalization, the general abortion rates stabilized and even decreased in all Nordic countries, especially for women under 25 years. From the mid-1980s higher awareness about pregnancy termination led women to present at an earlier gestational age, which was accelerated by the introduction of medical abortion some years later. Most terminations (80–86%) are now done before the 9
th gestational week in all countries, primarily by medical rather than surgical means. Introduction of routine ultrasound screening in pregnancy during the late 1980s, increased the number of 2nd trimester abortions on fetal anomaly indications without an overall increase in the proportion of 2nd relative to 1st trimester abortions. Further refinement of ultrasound screening and non-invasive prenatal diagnostic methods led to a slight increase in the proportion of early 2nd trimester abortions after the year 2000. Country-specific differences in abortion rates have remained stable over the 50 years of liberalized abortion laws. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. End-of-Life Planning Tools.
- Author
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Brock, Jessica
- Subjects
ESTATE planning ,LEGAL documents ,FINANCIAL planners ,PEACE of mind ,TAX auditing ,FUNERALS - Abstract
The article discusses the importance of end-of-life planning and the benefits it provides for both the living and the dying. It emphasizes that end-of-life planning is a comprehensive process that involves legal documents, financial planning, funeral arrangements, healthcare decisions, and personal wishes. The article highlights the importance of having conversations with loved ones about these plans and the relief it provides for those left behind. It also suggests considering aspects such as legal documents, financial questions, medical decisions, personal wishes, and compiling a list of online accounts and assets. The article concludes by stating that end-of-life planning is a personal and ongoing process that requires time and can provide peace of mind for both individuals and their loved ones. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
23. Başkent Kavramı ve Osmanlı-Türk İdari Teşkilatlanmasında Başkent Uygulaması.
- Author
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Apaydın, Bahadır
- Subjects
LEGAL literature ,LEGAL documents ,OTTOMAN Empire ,ADMINISTRATIVE law ,IMPERIALISM - Abstract
Copyright of Sakarya University Journal of Law Faculty (SHD) is the property of Sakarya University Journal of Law Faculty (SHD) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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24. Yapay Zekânın İdari Yargı Üzerindeki Etkileri.
- Author
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Dinçko, Hulüsi Alphan
- Subjects
ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,PUBLIC services ,LAW offices ,LEGAL documents ,AUTOMATIC classification ,BUREAUCRACY - Abstract
Copyright of Sakarya University Journal of Law Faculty (SHD) is the property of Sakarya University Journal of Law Faculty (SHD) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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25. Legal Review in Indonesia Positive Law Concerning Marijuana Use for Medical Purposes.
- Author
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Sapto Pribowo, Johan Budi, Budianto, Azis, and Ferdiles, Lucky
- Subjects
RIGHT to health ,LAW reform ,LEGAL documents ,MARIJUANA legalization ,MEDICAL marijuana - Abstract
The legalization of marijuana varies across countries, with some prohibiting its use while others are starting to legalize it for medical purposes. Despite its potential therapeutic benefits, marijuana use is often stigmatized due to concerns about addiction. In Indonesia, marijuana is classified as a Class I narcotic, prohibiting its use for medicinal purposes under Law Number 35 of 2009, which restricts access to medical marijuana and raises human rights issues for individuals seeking necessary treatments. This study aims to analyze the potential benefits of legalizing medical marijuana in Indonesia and propose regulatory changes that align with the evolving needs of society and human rights principles. The research method used is a normative legal research method, involving the analysis of legal documents, literature reviews, and interviews with experts in law and health to evaluate the impact of regulatory changes on medical marijuana use. The findings suggest that appropriate legal reforms can reduce stigma, ensure access to treatment, and uphold the right to health without the threat of criminal penalties. Therefore, revising narcotic laws to allow the use of marijuana for medical purposes with proper regulations is crucial to provide those in need of treatment the opportunity to access marijuana legally without fear of criminal punishment, and to help reduce the stigma associated with its use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Liability of the Operator of an NFT Digital Artwork Trading Service Platform for Contributory Copyright Infringement.
- Subjects
CONTRACTS ,REASONABLE care (Law) ,INTELLECTUAL property ,LEGAL documents ,CIVIL procedure ,ART auctions ,INTERNET service providers - Abstract
This article discusses the liability of an NFT digital artwork trading platform for copyright infringement in China. It explains that NFT digital artworks are considered virtual property and their sale involves the transfer of property interests. The article provides information about the Bigverse platform, which allows users to create, trade, and debut NFT artworks. The platform has specific service agreements and takes measures to address copyright infringement. The court case of Hangzhou Yuanyuzhou Technology Co., Ltd. v Shenzhen Qice DieChu Cultural and Creative Co., Ltd. is used as an example to illustrate these concepts. The court ruled that the platform failed to prevent infringement and should bear legal responsibility. The ruling emphasizes the importance of copyright ownership and authorization in NFT transactions and the need for platforms to implement effective intellectual property rights review systems. The court also clarifies that NFT digital artworks are considered virtual property and transactions involving them are regulated by the right of communication to the public on information networks. The ruling upholds the original judgment and dismisses the appeal made by the platform. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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27. MEDICAL ACTION OF DOCTORS WITH EUTHANASY FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF CRIMINAL ACTS ON ISLAMIC LAW: A NORMATIVE REVIEW.
- Author
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Ahmad, Kamri and Kamri, Andi Khaedhir
- Subjects
ETHICAL decision making ,EUTHANASIA ,LEGAL documents ,PHYSICIANS ,ISLAMIC law ,HUMAN rights ,RIGHT to life (International law) ,DECISION making - Abstract
Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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28. JUDICIAL PRECEDENT IN THE JUSTICE OF THE ANGLO-AMERICAN SYSTEM OF LAW.
- Author
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Mariia, Koval, Volodymyr, Baranyak, Nataliіa, Slotvinska, Mariana, Denysiuk, and Anatolii, Kryzhanovskyi
- Subjects
AMERICAN law ,JUSTICE administration ,LEGAL norms ,HUMAN rights ,LEGAL documents ,JUDGES - Abstract
Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Large language models for automated Q&A involving legal documents: a survey on algorithms, frameworks and applications.
- Author
-
Yang, Xiaoxian, Wang, Zhifeng, Wang, Qi, Wei, Ke, Zhang, Kaiqi, and Shi, Jiangang
- Abstract
Purpose: This study aims to adopt a systematic review approach to examine the existing literature on law and LLMs.It involves analyzing and synthesizing relevant research papers, reports and scholarly articles that discuss the use of LLMs in the legal domain. The review encompasses various aspects, including an analysis of LLMs, legal natural language processing (NLP), model tuning techniques, data processing strategies and frameworks for addressing the challenges associated with legal question-and-answer (Q&A) systems. Additionally, the study explores potential applications and services that can benefit from the integration of LLMs in the field of intelligent justice. Design/methodology/approach: This paper surveys the state-of-the-art research on law LLMs and their application in the field of intelligent justice. The study aims to identify the challenges associated with developing Q&A systems based on LLMs and explores potential directions for future research and development. The ultimate goal is to contribute to the advancement of intelligent justice by effectively leveraging LLMs. Findings: To effectively apply a law LLM, systematic research on LLM, legal NLP and model adjustment technology is required. Originality/value: This study contributes to the field of intelligent justice by providing a comprehensive review of the current state of research on law LLMs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. الأحكام القانونية المتعلقة بعمل الحدث.
- Author
-
موسى محمد مقدادي
- Subjects
LEGAL documents ,WORKING hours ,LEGISLATORS - Abstract
Copyright of Middle East Journal of Legal & Jurisprudence Studies / Mağallaẗ al-Šarq al-Awsaṭ li-l-ʿulūm al-Qānūniyyaẗ wa-al-Fiqhiyyaẗ is the property of Manar Elsharq for Studies & Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
31. Preambulum az idegenjogi szakigazgatás rendszerében.
- Author
-
Zoltán, Hautzinger
- Subjects
TRAVEL regulations ,LEGAL documents ,MIGRANT labor ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,DWELLINGS - Abstract
Copyright of Belügyi Szemle / Academic Journal of Internal Affairs is the property of Ministry of Interior of Hungary and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. الأحكام الشرعية المتعلقة بتصميم الألعاب الإلكترونية وبرمجتها دراسة فقهية مقارنة بالقانون السعودي.
- Author
-
عبده علي محمد الج
- Subjects
ELECTRONIC games ,YOUNG adults ,TELECONFERENCING ,LEGAL documents ,RESEARCH personnel - Abstract
Copyright of Humanities & Educational Sciences Journal is the property of Humanities & Educational Sciences Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
33. THE LEGAL FORCE OF THE DEED OF SALE AND PURCHASE OF LAND ON CONGENITAL PROPERTY BETWEEN HUSBAND AND WIFE.
- Author
-
Murti, Restu Adhi, Dwianto, Rafli, Rachmatika, Dina, Gunawan, Sigit, and Karina, Siska
- Subjects
PROPERTY rights ,LIBRARY laws ,LEGAL documents ,CIVIL code ,LAND title registration & transfer - Abstract
Land sale and purchase is an important transaction carried out to obtain rights to land. Land is one of the most valuable assets and has the potential to generate profits in the future. Land is becoming increasingly valuable because land is increasingly scarce, over time and the increasing human population, land prices continue to increase. This makes the business of buying and selling land an investment class that is definitely promising for everyone, ranging from housing, business premises, agriculture, to investment. Therefore, the process of buying and selling land and similar actions must be carried out carefully and in accordance with applicable legal provisions. However, many people do not understand the importance of the procedures for transferring land rights in Indonesia regulated in various laws and regulations. As happened in the journal to be discussed, where there was a sale and purchase between husband and wife that had been made AJB before the Temporary Land Maker Official. Where this agreement violates the objective requirements according to the Civil Code, resulting in the agreement being "null and void". In this method we use a normative juridical method which is a library law research with an approach that is carried out using reviewing the main legal material focusing on analyzing regulations, doctrines, and legal principles related to the transfer of land rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Extending the formal state: the case of Pakistan's Frontier Crimes Regulation.
- Author
-
Callen, Michael, Gulzar, Saad, Rezaee, Arman, and Shapiro, Jacob N.
- Subjects
GREEN Revolution ,CRIME ,AGRICULTURAL productivity ,BRITISH colonies ,NON-state actors (International relations) ,TRIBAL government ,LEGAL documents - Abstract
Why do modern states allow parts of their territory to be governed by non‐state actors? We study this question using the Frontier Crimes Regulation (FCR) in Pakistan, a British Colonial law abrogated only in 2018, which left governance to pre‐colonial tribal councils in large parts of modern day Pakistan. In areas where the FCR did not apply, the British and then Pakistani state built modern political and bureaucratic institutions. Using primary legal documents, we build a dataset of when and where the FCR applied between 1901 and 2012. The territorial extent of the formal state is both cleanly demarcated by this law and varies substantially over time, permitting an empirical examination of the determinants of state control. The data reveal that the Green Revolution's potential to transform agriculture played a major role in extending the formal state. The law was repealed first from areas where agricultural productivity benefited the most from the Green Revolution. This is consistent with a model in which technological changes that shift the returns to control influence where states choose to govern. This paper is part of the Economica 100 Series. Economica, the LSE "house journal" is now 100 years old. To commemorate this achievement, we are publishing 100 papers by former students, as well as current and former faculty. Michael Callen is an Associate Professor at the LSE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. ПОРІВНЯЛЬНИЙ АНАЛІЗ КРИМІНАЛЬНО-ПРАВОВОГО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ВОЄННОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ В УКРАЇНІ, ГРУЗІЇ ТА РЕСПУБЛІКИ ПОЛЬЩІ
- Author
-
В. Ю., Артемов
- Subjects
MILITARY crimes ,CRIME ,LEGAL documents ,MARTIAL law ,CRIMINAL law - Abstract
It is indicated that, in the conditions of the developed civil world community, especially in the territory of modern Europe, recently the issue of criminal-legal provision of military security and various kinds of legally significant actions in the context of provision of military security have become an integral part of every person's life. This definitely becomes especially relevant in the context of the unprovoked aggression of the Russian Federation against our country. The issue of criminal law enforcement of life activity is manifested in the scope of implementation of various military aspects in various spheres of safety of life activity of society. However, in the conditions of the Russian onslaught, the urgency is not just to improve the current legislative requirements, but also to fundamentally clarify the specific interpretations and definitions of the criminal law protection of the country's military security, which were part of Moscow's interests a long time ago - in the last century. The article highlights the peculiarities of the organization of criminal and legal provision of military security in Georgia and the Republic of Poland in the context of their comparison with Ukraine. The analysis of the Criminal Codes of Ukraine, Georgia and the Republic of Poland proved that the place of military criminal offenses in the system of criminal laws in these countries is different. Therefore, the criminal law norms regarding the provision of military security are contained in the legislation of all the listed countries, but they are fully and adequately codified in the best way only in the Republic of Poland. It has been established that the legislation of Ukraine regulates certain aspects of ensuring military security in our country under the conditions of the legal regime of martial law. Attention is drawn to the fact that domestic legal science needs a theoretical and legal understanding of the current state of legal relations in the military sphere, as well as a systematization of existing approaches to the conceptual and categorical apparatus of military criminal offenses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. ПОДАТКОВО-ПРАВОВИЙ ВИМІР УСТАНОВЧИХ ДОГОВОРІВ ЄС
- Author
-
В. А., Вдовічен and Л. І., Вдовічена
- Subjects
LEGAL norms ,VALUE-added tax ,LEGAL documents ,INDIRECT taxation ,DIRECT taxation - Abstract
In this article, the author examines the legal nature and content of the EU founding treaties in the part of their impact on the regulation of tax relations. Having the nature of international legal acts, the EU founding treaties emerge as a result of the treaty process. They are aimed at establishing the European Communities and the European Union itself with the relevant functions and tasks. As a result, these treaties form the legal basis for the functioning of the entire EU structure. They also create an international treaty-based integration mechanism for future members, which is carried out within the framework of the latter. This functional system is a set of international agreements that guide the development of integration processes for the entire association. In the context of demonstrating the taxlegal dimension of the EU founding treaties, we distinguish the understanding of the EU founding treaties in three aspects. Taken together, they will be defined as the result of the systemic action of specific legal and social factors that influence the nature, usefulness and appropriateness of the regulation of tax relations within the EU. Firstly, the founding treaty as the primary act of EU tax law itself is expressed in the fact that the legal norms enshrined in the founding treaties form the constitutional basis - the fundamental legal framework, the basis of the legal order of the European Union. It is a primary law that can be compared and equated with national constitutional provisions. The rules of primary law directly give rise to rights and obligations of both Member States and individuals (natural and legal) of these states, and this trend is no exception in the tax area. Today, the functioning of the legal order of the European Union is based on the Lisbon Treaty, which includes the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. They demonstrate the primary foundations of tax and legal regulation: the key feature of tax regulation is the fundamental principle of harmonisation of tax legislation of the EU Member States. This is implemented in the process of creating and using various legal forms (legal acts) that enshrine the rules of tax integration law created by EU legal institutions. Secondly, the founding treaty is an act of defining and establishing secondary acts of tax law. And this is reflected in the fact that the provisions of the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, which relate to and define the basis of tax regulation within the EU, are both law-making and law-implementing. Thus, the tax-legal dimension of the EU founding treaties can be considered both as a rule-making constant of provisions that determine the specifics of legal acts envisaged by the founding treaties, their legal nature and peculiarities of adoption. Moreover, as a law enforcement constant of provisions regulating the harmonisation of taxation legislation, approximation of laws in this area and other provisions that may be relevant to taxation. Thirdly, the actual content of the founding treaty with tax-legal elements. This is because EU tax regulation is aimed at the continuous operation of the single market. Therefore, the enshrined legal provisions are mainly related to indirect taxation (value added tax, excise duties, import duties, energy and other environmental taxes). However, the provisions of EU tax law limit the sovereign taxation rights of EU Member States in the area of direct taxation mainly when the object or subject of taxation has a connection with two or more EU Member States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Torture Law and the Criminal Justice System in Pakistan.
- Author
-
Adil, Kamran
- Subjects
CRIMINAL justice system ,TORTURE ,CRIMINAL law ,POLICEWOMEN ,CRIMINAL procedure ,LEGAL documents - Abstract
The article examines the Torture and Custodial Death (Prevention and Punishment) Act, 2022 in Pakistan, with special reference to its origin, characteristics, and the way it affects the criminal justice system. Topics discussed include genesis of the law, salient features of the law, and impact of the law on the criminal justice system.
- Published
- 2024
38. National Legislations on Air Quality Protection and Penalties for Atmospheric Air Pollution in Central Asia.
- Author
-
Umbetbayeva, Zhuldyz, Suleimenova, Saule, Ospanova, Djamilya, Nurahmetova, Gulmira, and Aigarinova, Gulnar
- Subjects
AIR pollution ,AIR quality ,ENVIRONMENTAL crimes ,LEGAL documents ,EMISSION standards ,ENVIRONMENTAL security - Abstract
Air pollution poses severe risks to public health and the environment, with acts contributing to air contamination potentially constituting environmental crimes or public health offenses. This research examines the national legislations and international legal frameworks aimed at safeguarding atmospheric air quality and addressing air pollution-related offenses in Central Asian countries. Particular attention is given to legal provisions that establish emission standards, monitoring mechanisms, and punitive measures for violations. By exploring the genesis and implementation of these legal instruments, the research identifies potential gaps, inconsistencies, or weaknesses that may hinder the effective prosecution of environmental crimes associated with air pollution in the Central Asian region. This study contributes to the broader understanding of environmental criminology by examining the interplay between international norms, national legislations, and institutional structures in combating air pollution-related offenses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Quality of work-life situation and effectiveness of labour laws: managerial perspectives.
- Author
-
Shrestha, Prakash, Parajuli, Dilip, and Adhikari, Bibek Raj
- Subjects
HUMAN security ,LABOR laws ,MIDDLE managers ,WORK environment ,LEGAL documents ,EMPLOYEE benefits - Abstract
Purpose: This paper aims to examine the current quality of work-life (QWL) situation and the effectiveness of labor laws for promoting QWL in the context of Nepalese workplaces. Design/methodology/approach: It uses a descriptive-interpretative-qualitative approach to analyze the responses. Information is gathered through discussions with 85 higher- and middle-level managers of large and medium-sized organizations. Findings: The majority of Nepalese organizations accept safe and healthy working conditions, social relevance of work-life, social integration in the work organization, and work and total life space as the key aspects of QWL. They have become even more critical as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, they face challenges in providing employees with opportunities for continued growth and security, immediate opportunity to use and develop human capacities, adequate and fair compensation and constitutionalism in the work organization. QWL-related provisions in Labour Act, 2017, play a vital role in promoting the QWL situation. The QWL programs offer many benefits to employees' private and working lives. The lack of such programs would undoubtedly have negative consequences for Nepalese companies. Compliance with labor laws will promote a better QWL situation at Nepalese workplaces. Research limitations/implications: Only managerial perspectives are considered for examining the current situation of QWL and the effectiveness of QWL-related provisions of the Labour Act, 2017. It excludes the views of union leaders. Practical implications: This paper indicates that labor laws' QWL-related provisions are effective. It also provides several policy measures for promoting a better QWL in Nepalese workplaces. Originality/value: This study presents QWL-related legal provisions and the actual situation at the workplaces of Nepal. It also presents the key aspects of QWL in the context of Nepal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Erweiterte Kürzung bei Vermietung eines Hotelgrundstücks.
- Author
-
Schley, Nico, Martini, Ruben, and Wargowske, Lars
- Subjects
LEGAL documents ,FEDERAL court decisions ,TAX courts ,LEGAL judgments ,REAL property - Abstract
Copyright of Die Unternehmensbesteuerung (Ubg) is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. ARTICOLUL 1090 COD CIVIL - O ALTĂ INTERPRETARE.
- Author
-
DOBRE, ION
- Subjects
LEGAL documents ,CIVIL code ,DEAD ,SPOUSES ,INHERITANCE & succession - Abstract
The new Romanian Civil Code regulates the special available quota of the surviving spouse, in Article 1090, which, in its content, represents a compromise between the two main lines of thought, outlined in the doctrine, regarding the interpretation and application of the previous regulation, contained in Article 939 of the Romanian Civil Code of 1864. Article 1090, specified above, in paragraph (2), establishes the legal fate of the difference between the ordinary available quota and the special available quota of the surviving spouse, providing that this difference belongs, in its entirety, to the descendants, in case the deceased does not dispose of it through liberalities. Contrary to the clear and unmistakable meaning of this legal provision, an opinion emerged in the doctrine, which became of the majority, according to which the difference between the quotas belongs to the descendants not only if the deceased did not dispose of it, but also when the deceased disposed of it through liberalities in favour of the surviving spouse, but the provision is ineffective as a result of exceeding the special available quota. The present study makes a demonstration of the unfounded character of that opinion, by confronting it with the relevant legal provisions and with the results reached by applying, in this case, the unanimously accepted methods of legal interpretation, emphasizing at the same time the fact that from these it follows that the correct interpretation is the one according to which the difference between the quotas is divided between the surviving spouse and descendants according to the legal succession quotas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
42. FORȚA OBLIGATORIE A CONTRACTULUI.
- Author
-
MAGDO, MONNA-LISA BELU
- Subjects
CONTRACTS ,LEGAL documents ,EUROPEAN law ,CONSTITUTIONAL courts ,SOCIAL security ,SOCIAL contract - Abstract
One of the most important principles in contractual matters, related to the effects produced towards the contracting parties, is that of its binding force, having its source in the will of the contracting parties, in their autonomy of will, sacralized by the power of law recognized to this will. In the introductory part of the study, it was brought into discussion whether the legal power of the binding force of the contract, enshrined in the current Civil Code, is still up-to-date compared to the realities of our days, when, under the influence of economic, social and globalist phenomena, we are witnessing a limitation of the freedom of will, to its censuring at legal level, to the possibility of the judge to adjust the contract, even beyond the will of the parties. As support for the argument, reference was made to the UNIDROIT principles, to the Principles of the European Contract Law, to the Reference Framework Project, to the Portuguese Civil Code and to that of Quebec, which enshrine the binding force of the contract, without confering it the power of law. The binding force of the contract subsists because the objective law, the legislation, recognizes and grants it, and the private norm, as the law of the parties, which details the binding nature of the contract, must be in accordance with the objective law, without being assimilated with the objective legislation. In outlining the principle of the binding force of the contract, we bent over and brought into discussion the distinction between the obligational nature and the binding nature of the contract, which operates regardless of the obligational or non-obligational content of the contract. The binding nature of the contract, its binding force, acts not only with regard to its content, as it is established by the express or implicit clauses, from its interpretation, from the implied clauses that are part of the contract [Article 1272 (2) of the Civil Code], but also regarding the extended and accepted clauses or the negotiated or common standard clauses, even if, in our opinion, the latter represent a way to supplement the contract. Contractual fidelity is analyzed in this study not only from the perspective of the debtor, bound by the fulfilment of the obligation assumed with the diligence of a good owner, but also from the perspective of the creditor, whose conduct must not make the execution of the contract more difficult. Cooperation seen as a means of achieving the common interest entails the creditor's duty to minimize the damage, in the case of the debtor's abdication from the binding force of the contract. In terms of the binding force of the contract, its modification and cessation are examined in relation to the principle of symmetry and asymmetry, the first having as its basis the agreement of the parties, and the second the contractual clause or the legal provision. In the operation of the mutual cessation of the contract, the study distinguishes between revocation and termination, and in terms of the extent of the effects, between future cessation and retroactivation of the cessation, when the nature of the services allows it. In the approach to unilateral denunciation, of contractual or legal origin with a mutual character, there were discussed the mitigated and derived aspects of the operation of denunciation, with regard to some contracts, the exercise of this potestative right in good faith and the protective features of contract retraction, in the matter of consumer protection. Likewise, the particularities of the forced cessation of the intuitu personae contracts, included among the cases of contract lapsing, were emphasized, and the legislative interventionism in the modification of the contract in various forms of manifestation was explained and justified by the social utilitarianism of contracts. The study emphasizes the restrictive character of the adaptation of the contract as a means of safeguarding it, associated with those effects that come out of the zone of reasonable risk, seriously affecting the contractual balance and calling into question the contractual justice. The adaptation of the contract goes beyond the framework of interpretation of the clauses, sometimes calling into question their modification, whenever it is imposed by the requirement to revive the ratio of proportionality, to ensure the utility and social security of the contract. The paper deals with the problem of adapting the contract in the spirit of the decisions of the Constitutional Court, which transpose the adaptive process of the contract, by identifying the balance point of the benefits, without reducing it to their value threshold and without ignoring the circumstances or the fluctuations that occurred after the conclusion of the contract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
43. EuGH-Vorlage zum Aufteilungsgebot beim ermäßigten Steuersatz bei unselbständiger Nebenleistung zur Beherbergung (hier: Parkplätze, Fitness- und Wellnesseinrichtungen, W-LAN).
- Subjects
TAX rates ,TAX deductions ,VALUE-added tax ,LEGAL documents ,FEDERAL courts - Abstract
Copyright of Umsatzsteuer-Rundschau is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. VISUAL LAW COMO ELEMENTO FACILITADOR PARA A COMPREENSÃO DOS ACORDOS NAS AUDIÊNCIAS DE CONCILIAÇÃO.
- Author
-
Aires Cavalcante Souto, Débora Camila and de Lima Queji, Andressa Maria
- Subjects
LEGAL documents ,LAW students ,TRIALS (Law) ,CONFLICT management ,QUANTITATIVE research - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. AS TÉCNICAS DE SOLUÇÃO CONSENSUAL DE CONFLITOS COMO ALTERNATIVAS NA EXECUÇÃO DAS DECISÕES ESTRUTURAIS.
- Author
-
Pereira Nicolak, Valéria Virginia, Saleta Pacheco, Fernando Augusto, and Martins Ferreira, Lara
- Subjects
LEGAL documents ,DISPUTE resolution ,GOVERNMENT policy ,CONFLICT management ,CIVIL procedure - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. GRATIFICAÇÃO SEM SOLUÇÃO: A LEI N° 14.726/2023 E A ILUSÃO DE PROMOÇÃO AO ACESSO À JUSTIÇA NO ÂMBITO DA DPU.
- Author
-
Amorim de Souza Lima, James Braulio, de Lima Filho, Jorge Manoel, and Rodrigues Lelis, Henrique
- Subjects
ACCESS to justice ,LEGAL documents ,PUBLIC defenders ,JUSTICE administration ,PUBLIC works - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. COISA JULGADA PARCIAL E O TERMO INICIAL DA PRESCRIÇÃO EXECUTÓRIA.
- Author
-
Meireles Gouveia, Henanh
- Subjects
LEGAL documents ,LEGAL recognition ,CIVIL procedure ,JUSTICE administration ,SUPERIOR courts - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Much ado about hallucinations: a brief assessment of the judicial response to large language model (LLM) hallucinations in the United States and Canada.
- Author
-
Ogunde, Fife
- Subjects
GENERATIVE artificial intelligence ,LANGUAGE models ,LEGAL professions ,LEGAL documents ,HALLUCINATIONS - Abstract
The surge in the utilization of generative artificial intelligence within the legal profession, particularly in preparing legal documents, has prompted a flurry of responses from the judiciary, including practice directives and standing orders. These varied responses have either directly or implicitly referred to litigants using "hallucinated" cases generated by large language models (LLMs) as a major concern. This article briefly evaluates these responses, making conclusions on their propriety and relevance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Syntactic Features in Legal Arabic- English Translation: A Case Study of Palestine Divorce Contracts.
- Author
-
khalaf, Camellia, Moindjie, Mohamed Abdou, and Subramaniam, Ilangko
- Subjects
ENGLISH language ,DIVORCE ,NATIVE language ,LEGAL documents ,TRANSLATING & interpreting ,COURT records - Abstract
Copyright of An-Najah University Journal for Research, B: Humanities is the property of An-Najah National University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Simplification and summarization of legal contracts.
- Author
-
Thilagavathy, R., Chaudhari, Soumik, and Rastogi, Jatin S.
- Subjects
LEGAL documents ,CONTRACTS - Abstract
Legal contracts, such as terms of service, rental contracts, and so on play an important role in modern digital life. However, few read these documents before accepting the terms within, as they are too long and the language too complicated for common people to understand. We propose the task of summarizing and simplifying such legal documents in plain English, which would enable users to have a better understanding of the terms they are accepting. We propose an initial dataset of legal text snippets paired with summaries written in plain English. Our solution also involves a question-answering module which when paired up with the summarization module helps any common user to understand legal contracts better. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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