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What role should libraries play to ensure citizens develop the competencies they need to fulfill their vital civic roles in our democracy? Alarms raised over widening civic knowledge gaps have prompted a renewed commitment to building more civically literate, active citizens. Like their counterparts in schools and universities, librarians teach many of the skills and dispositions that citizens need to participate in civic life. Yet their information literacy frameworks equip twenty-first century learners primarily for success in college and career, not citizenship. With schools and colleges launching new initiatives to bolster civic participation, librarians must join forces with other civic literacy proponents to empower citizens to emerge as civic agents that cocreate their future together. While the nation's great experiment in democracy undergoes a momentous test, libraries must assert their role in fostering civic literacy as central to their mission as cornerstones of democracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ribosomal biosynthesis in nucleoli is an energy-demanding process driven by all RNA polymerases and hundreds of auxiliary proteins. We investigated how this process is regulated in activated T lymphocytes by T cell receptor (TCR) signals and the multiprotein complexes mTORC1 and mTORC2, both of which contain the kinase mTOR. Deficiency in mTORC1 slowed the proliferation of T cells, with further delays in each consecutive division, an effect not seen with deficiency in mTORC2. mTORC1 signaling was stimulated by components of conventional TCR signaling, and, reciprocally, TCR sensitivity was decreased by mTORC1 inhibition. The substantial increase in the amount of RNA per cell induced by TCR activation was reduced by 50% by deficiency in mTORC1, but not in mTORC2 or in S6 kinases 1 and 2, which are activated downstream of mTORC1. RNA-seq data showed that mTORC1 deficiency reduced the abundance of all RNA biotypes, although rRNA processing was largely intact in activated T cells. Imaging cytometry with FISH probes for nascent pre-rRNA revealed that deletion of mTORC1, but not that of mTORC2, reduced the number and expansion of nucleolar sites of active transcription. Protein translation was consequently decreased by 50% in the absence of mTORC1. Inhibiting RNA polymerase I blocked not only proliferation but also mTORC1 signaling. Our data show that TCR signaling, mTORC1 activity, and ribosomal biosynthesis in the nucleolus regulate each other during biomass production in clonally expanding T cells. Editor's summary: Activated T cells must ramp up ribosomal biogenesis in nucleoli to support protein synthesis required for proliferation. Rosenlehner et al. investigated the interplay among T cell receptor (TCR) signaling, ribosomal biosynthesis, and mTORC1, a multiprotein complex implicated in cell growth and proliferation. mTORC1 was required for the rapid cell cycling of proliferating activated T cells. In addition, mTORC1 heightened the antigen sensitivity of the TCR, promoted ribosomal RNA synthesis, and increased the number and size of nucleoli. These effects were not seen with the related mTORC2 complex. In turn, the activity of mTORC1 correlated with that of the TCR and with ribosomal RNA transcription mediated by RNA polymerase I. These results uncover the reciprocal regulation between signaling pathways and cellular processes that enable the proliferation of activated T cells. —Wei Wong [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the civic role of libraries in the United States and how they can empower citizens and bring communities together. It highlights the importance of libraries in renewing civic life, building collective knowledge, fostering understanding and empathy, and nurturing partnerships. The article also explores how libraries have redefined their missions and extended their reach into the realm of civic life. It includes case studies and theoretical considerations to inspire readers to imagine new possibilities for libraries to strengthen the civic health and culture of their communities. [Extracted from the article]

Platelet homeostasis is essential for vascular integrity and immune defence1,2. Although the process of platelet formation by fragmenting megakaryocytes (MKs; thrombopoiesis) has been extensively studied, the cellular and molecular mechanisms required to constantly replenish the pool of MKs by their progenitor cells (megakaryopoiesis) remains unclear3,4. Here we use intravital imaging to track the cellular dynamics of megakaryopoiesis over days. We identify plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) as homeostatic sensors that monitor the bone marrow for apoptotic MKs and deliver IFNα to the MK niche triggering local on-demand proliferation and maturation of MK progenitors. This pDC-dependent feedback loop is crucial for MK and platelet homeostasis at steady state and under stress. pDCs are best known for their ability to function as vigilant detectors of viral infection5. We show that virus-induced activation of pDCs interferes with their function as homeostatic sensors of megakaryopoiesis. Consequently, activation of pDCs by SARS-CoV-2 leads to excessive megakaryopoiesis. Together, we identify a pDC-dependent homeostatic circuit that involves innate immune sensing and demand-adapted release of inflammatory mediators to maintain homeostasis of the megakaryocytic lineage.Plasmacytoid dendritic cells monitor the bone marrow for apoptotic megakaryocytes (MKs) and deliver IFNα to the MK niche, triggering local on-demand proliferation and maturation of MK progenitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

General population studies find that rates of child maltreatment are higher than those identified in the child welfare system. Some modes of administration may result in higher disclosure rates of child maltreatment by respondents. This study assesses differences in characteristics of parents who are recruited using telephone sampling techniques or via the internet and whether the survey was administered by telephone or the web. We have 1599 parent respondents recruited from listed samples and Craigslist advertisements. Surveys were administered via the telephone or online. Survey included measures of parenting behaviours, psychosocial characteristics and demographics for the parent, child and family. Data were analysed using logit multilevel models. We found no differences between mode of administration and our child maltreatment and parenting measures, including physical abuse, corporal punishment and supervisory neglect. Recruitment strategy was not related to leaving a child home alone and corporal punishment. However, we did find that parents recruited by Craigslist use physical abuse more frequently. That we found no difference in use of punitive and neglectful parenting practices by survey mode of administration and recruitment method provides some degree of confidence that survey methods other than random‐digit‐dialling telephone surveys may result in generalizable samples in this age of declining landline use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The publication of Libraries and Democracy came during a precipitous time in our nation's democracy. This article revisits its findings and asks how this relationship was understood then and what we should reconsider in these turbulent times. The challenge is to create a defining narrative to reassess the relationship between libraries and democracy in the twenty-first century. As civic institutions, libraries evolve in concert with the nation's democratic theories and practices. They reflect the aspirations of the times in the broader context of civic faith in American democracy. With their legacy of civic activism, librarians can catalyze the shift from merely informing citizens to engaging them in the issues of their communities. As the nation's great experiment in democracy undergoes a momentous test, libraries are poised to reunite their communities, recommit to democratic practices, and reclaim their essential role as cornerstones of democracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For a Hilbert space-valued martingale (f n) and an adapted sequence of positive random variables (w n) , we show the weighted Davis-type inequality E | f 0 | w 0 + 1 4 ∑ n = 1 N | d f n | 2 f n ∗ w n ≤ E (f N ∗ w N ∗). More generally, for a martingale (f n) with values in a (q , δ) -uniformly convex Banach space, we show that E | f 0 | w 0 + δ ∑ n = 1 ∞ | d f n | q (f n ∗) q - 1 w n ≤ C q E (f ∗ w ∗). These inequalities unify several results about the martingale square function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We extend the Hairer reconstruction theorem for distributions due to Caravenna and Zambotti [EMS Surv. Math. Sci. 7 (2020), 207–251] to general function spaces satisfying a translation and scaling condition. This includes Besov type spaces with exponents below 1 and Triebel–Lizorkin type spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CD8+ T cells are crucial for the clearance of viral infections. During the acute phase, proinflammatory conditions increase the amount of circulating phosphatidylserine+ (PS) extracellular vesicles (EVs). These EVs interact especially with CD8+ T cells; however, it remains unclear whether they can actively modulate CD8+ T cell responses. In this study, we have developed a method to analyze cell-bound PS+ EVs and their target cells in vivo. We show that EV+ cell abundance increases during viral infection and that EVs preferentially bind to activated, but not naive, CD8+ T cells. Superresolution imaging revealed that PS+ EVs attach to clusters of CD8 molecules on the T cell surface. Furthermore, EV-binding induces antigen (Ag)-specific TCR signaling and increased nuclear translocation of the transcription factor Nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFATc1) in vivo. EV-decorated but not EV-free CD8+ T cells are enriched for gene signatures associated with T-cell receptor signaling, early effector differentiation, and proliferation. Our data thus demonstrate that PS+ EVs provide Ag-specific adjuvant effects to activated CD8+ T cells in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article delves into imaging flow cytometry's potential in diagnostics, focusing on its complex analysis, challenges and the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) to simplify interpretations. It explores the shift from conventional cytometry to imaging-based analysis, highlighting AI's role in handling the vast amount of data generated and providing insights into its diagnostic applications, such as identifying cellular anomalies and morphological details that aid in disease diagnoses.

The mental health needs of children and youth involved in the child welfare system remain largely unmet. Service cascades are an emerging approach to systematizing mental health screening, assessment, and treatment referral processes. However, evidence is minimal and inconsistent regarding the effectiveness of such approaches for improving mental health service access and outcomes. In an effort to address this gap, this study presents a case-study of the implementation fidelity and treatment outcomes of the Gateway CALL service cascade. Study analyses involved longitudinal data collected as part of a larger evaluation of Gateway CALL. Specifically, descriptive and linear mixed model analyses were conducted to assess the implementation of service cascade components, and changes in mental health outcomes (behavior problems) among 175 children placed out-of-home during the study. Study analyses found that although fidelity was strong early in the service cascade, implementation began to break down once components involved more than one service system (child welfare, mental health). However, results also indicated that parent-reported child behavior problems decreased significantly over time, despite later cascade components being implemented with poor fidelity to the Gateway CALL service model. For children and youth involved in child welfare systems, service cascades like Gateway CALL have the potential to significantly improve both mental health service receipt and outcomes. To maximize the effectiveness of such approaches, later phases of implementation may require increased attention and support, particularly regarding processes and outcomes that cross child welfare and mental health service systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We prove sharp decoupling inequalities for all degenerate surfaces of codimension two in R5 given by two quadratic forms in three variables. Together with previous work by Demeter, Guo, and Shi in the non-degenerate case, this provides a classification of decoupling inequalities for pairs of quadratic forms in three variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Alcohol use can lead to child abuse and neglect even if the person using alcohol does not use heavily. Yet relatively few measures that reflect alcohol use are available at smaller geographic units. We assess whether the estimated level of total alcohol use per capita is related to measures of child abuse and neglect that include substantiated reports of maltreatment, total entries into foster care, and alcohol‐related entries into foster care. Methods: Our sample consists of 326 Census block groups in Sacramento, California over three time points (978 space–time units). Administrative data for substantiations of child abuse and neglect and foster care entries are our outcomes. We create market potentials for alcohol use among 18‐ to 29‐year‐olds as our primary independent variable. Data are analyzed using Bayesian conditionally autoregressive spatio‐temporal models. Results: Higher alcohol use potentials (as measured by total volume per capita of 18‐ to 29‐year olds) are related to more children entering foster care due to drinking‐related concerns by a parent or caregiver (RR = 1.032, 95% CI = [1.013, 1.051]), but not total substantiations for foster care entries. Neighborhoods with higher total volume of alcohol per 18‐ to 29‐year‐olds had more foster care entries when we used number of substantiations as the denominator (RR = 1.012, 95% CI = [1.0001, 1.023]) but were not related to foster care entries with alcohol misuse as a concern as a subset of all foster care entries. Conclusions: Higher estimated volume of alcohol use per capita among young adults (aged 18 to 29) was related to more children entering foster care due to alcohol‐related concerns. Reducing alcohol supply in alcohol outlets, specifically through off‐premise establishments, might reduce rates for all entries into foster care or other out‐of‐home placement and substantiated child abuse and neglect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We prove a multi-parameter dyadic embedding theorem for the Hardy operator on the multi-tree. We also show that for a large class of Dirichlet spaces in the bi-disc and the tri-disc, this proves the embedding theorem of those Dirichlet spaces of holomorphic functions on the bi- and tri-disc. We completely describe the Carleson measures for such embeddings. The result below generalizes the embedding result of Arcozzi et al. from the bi-tree to the tri-tree and from the Carleson-Chang condition to the Carleson box condition. One of our embedding descriptions is similar to the Carleson-Chang-Fefferman condition, and involves dyadic open sets. On the other hand, the unusual feature is that the embedding on the bi-tree and the tritree turns out to be equivalent to the one box Carleson condition. This is in striking difference to works of Chang-Fefferman and the well-known Carleson quilt counterexample. Finally, we explain the obstacle that prevents us from proving our results on poly-discs of dimension four and higher. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transcription factor 4 (TCF4) belongs to the class I basic helix–loop–helix family of transcription factors (also known as E-proteins) and is vital for the development of the nervous system. Aberrations in the TCF4 gene are associated with several neurocognitive disorders such as schizophrenia, intellectual disability, post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, and Pitt-Hopkins Syndrome, a rare but severe autism spectrum disorder. Expression of the human TCF4 gene can produce at least 18 N-terminally distinct protein isoforms, which activate transcription with different activities and thus may vary in their function during development. We used long-read RNA-sequencing and western blot analysis combined with the analysis of publicly available short-read RNA-sequencing data to describe both the mRNA and protein expression of the many distinct TCF4 isoforms in rodent and human neural and nonneural tissues. We show that TCF4 mRNA and protein expression is much higher in the rodent brain compared to nonneural tissues. TCF4 protein expression is highest in the rodent cerebral cortex and hippocampus, where expression peaks around birth, and in the rodent cerebellum, where expression peaks about a week after birth. In human, highest TCF4 expression levels were seen in the developing brain, although some nonneural tissues displayed comparable expression levels to adult brain. In addition, we show for the first time that out of the many possible TCF4 isoforms, the main TCF4 isoforms expressed in the rodent and human brain and other tissues are TCF4-B, -C, -D, -A, and-I. Taken together, our isoform specific analysis of TCF4 expression in different tissues could be used for the generation of gene therapy applications for patients with TCF4-associated diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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To fulfill their civic mission in today's polarized America, libraries must turn outward and actively engage citizens by bringing them together and involving them in democratic discourse. In the digital age, this means moving beyond libraries as book warehouses--breaking through their "edifice complexes" by reimagining their roles from collection-focused to engagement-centered services. Working closely with a diversity of partners, libraries can help rekindle civic engagement, promote greater citizen participation, and foster community problem solving. But listening to communities, curating local information, and convening deliberative conversations necessitates the adoption of new competencies by librarians and citizens alike. As the nation's great experiment in democracy comes under increasing threat, librarians must shift from a mission that not only informs but also engages constituents. In this role, libraries will be repositioned as the cornerstone of strong democracy, bringing people together to make tough choices and to bridge divides in their communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Address terms are closely related to the conceptualisation of hierarchical relations in a speech community, so, since – at least in Western societies – tendencies towards a flattening of hierarchies have been noted (cf. Mair, 2006), we expect changes in this domain. Some evidence has been produced for German, American and British English, but empirical insights on address choice in Indian English are lacking to date. As it tends to be a conservative variety (cf. e.g. Collins, 2012), we might expect resistance to change. The study makes a novel use of discourse completion tasks to investigate ongoing change using an 'apparent-time' approach. Our findings support the view of Indian English as conservative and of American English as changing most clearly towards informalisation, visible in the increasing use of informal attention getters (hey!). However, evidence of recent change is otherwise not as pronounced as expected and actually absent regarding pronoun choice in German. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The changing legal status of marijuana in the United States has increased access to the drug through medical marijuana dispensaries. Limited research exists that examines the effects of these dispensaries on social problems including child maltreatment. The current study examines how medical marijuana dispensaries may affect referrals for child abuse and neglect investigations. Data are analyzed from 2,342 Census tracts in Los Angeles County, California. Locations of medical marijuana dispensaries were obtained through Weedmaps.com. Using conditionally autoregressive models, local and spatially lagged dispensaries show a positive relationship to rates of referrals in the unadjusted models. However, when we adjust for alcohol outlet density and measures of social disorganization, this relationship is no longer significant. Although this study does not find a relationship between medical marijuana dispensaries and referrals for investigations of child maltreatment, it should not be considered a definitive finding of this relationship. The increasing number of states that are allowing marijuana to be used for medical and recreational purposes is resulting in more people using the drug and the effects on parenting are still unknown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We give a short and elementary proof of the l² decoupling inequality for the moment curve in Rk, using a bilinear approach inspired by the nested efficient congruencing argument of Wooley. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Infection with SARS‐CoV‐2 is associated with thromboinflammation, involving thrombotic and inflammatory responses, in many COVID‐19 patients. In addition, immune dysfunction occurs in patients characterised by T cell exhaustion and severe lymphopenia. We investigated the distribution of phosphatidylserine (PS), a marker of dying cells, activated platelets and platelet‐derived microparticles (PMP), during the clinical course of COVID‐19. We found an unexpectedly high amount of blood cells loaded with PS+ PMPs for weeks after the initial COVID‐19 diagnosis. Elevated frequencies of PS+PMP+ PBMCs correlated strongly with increasing disease severity. As a marker, PS outperformed established laboratory markers for inflammation, leucocyte composition and coagulation, currently used for COVID‐19 clinical scoring. PS+ PMPs preferentially bound to CD8+ T cells with gene expression signatures of proliferating effector rather than memory T cells. As PS+ PMPs carried programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1), they may affect T cell expansion or function. Our data provide a novel marker for disease severity and show that PS, which can trigger the blood coagulation cascade, the complement system, and inflammation, resides on activated immune cells. Therefore, PS may serve as a beacon to attract thromboinflammatory processes towards lymphocytes and cause immune dysfunction in COVID‐19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disease manifestations in COVID-19 range from mild to severe illness associated with a dysregulated innate immune response. Alterations in function and regeneration of dendritic cells (DCs) and monocytes may contribute to immunopathology and influence adaptive immune responses in COVID-19 patients. We analyzed circulating DC and monocyte subsets in 65 hospitalized COVID-19 patients with mild/moderate or severe disease from acute illness to recovery and in healthy controls. Persisting reduction of all DC subpopulations was accompanied by an expansion of proliferating Lineage−HLADR+ cells lacking DC markers. Increased frequency of CD163+ CD14+ cells within the recently discovered DC3 subpopulation in patients with more severe disease was associated with systemic inflammation, activated T follicular helper cells, and antibody-secreting cells. Persistent downregulation of CD86 and upregulation of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in conventional DCs (cDC2 and DC3) and classical monocytes associated with a reduced capacity to stimulate naïve CD4+ T cells correlated with disease severity. Long-lasting depletion and functional impairment of DCs and monocytes may have consequences for susceptibility to secondary infections and therapy of COVID-19 patients. Author summary: Dendritic cells (DCs) recognize viral infections and trigger innate and adaptive antiviral immunity. COVID-19 severity is greatly influenced by the host immune response and modulation of DC generation and function after SARS-CoV-2 infection could play an important role in this disease. This study identifies a long-lasting reduction of DCs in the blood of COVID-19 patients and a functional impairment of these cells. Downregulation of costimulatory molecule CD86 and upregulation of inhibitory molecule PD-L1 in conventional DCs correlated with disease severity and were accompanied by a reduced ability to stimulate T cells. A higher frequency of CD163+ CD14+ cells in the DC3 subpopulation correlated with systemic inflammation suggesting that these cells may play a role in inflammatory responses of COVID-19 patients. Depletion and functional impairment of DCs beyond the acute phase of the disease may have consequences for susceptibility to secondary infections and clinical management of COVID-19 patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To estimate associations between both current‐ and prior‐year medical cannabis dispensary densities and hospitalizations for cannabis use disorder in California, USA between 2013 and 2016. Design Spatial analysis of ZIP code‐level hospitalization discharge data using Bayesian Poisson hierarchical space–time models over 4 years. Setting and cases: California, USA from 2013 to 2016 (6832 space–time ZIP code units). Measurements We assessed associations of annual hospitalizations for cannabis use disorder [assignment of a primary or secondary code for cannabis abuse and/or dependence using ICD‐9‐CM or ICD‐10‐CM (outcome)] with the total number of medical cannabis dispensaries per square mile in a ZIP code as well as dispensary temporal and spatial lags (primary exposures). Other exposure covariates included alcohol outlet densities, manual labor and retail sales densities and ZIP code‐level economic and demographic conditions. Findings One additional dispensary per square mile was associated with a median risk ratio of 1.021 (95% credible interval 1.001, 1.041). Prior‐year dispensary density did not appear to be associated with hospitalizations (median risk ratio = 1.006, 95% CrI = 0.986, 1.026). Higher median household income, higher unemployment, greater off‐premises alcohol outlet density and lower on‐premises alcohol outlet density and poverty were all associated with decreased ZIP code‐level risk of cannabis abuse/dependence hospitalizations. Conclusions: In California, USA, the increasing density of medical cannabis dispensaries appears to be positively associated with same‐year but not next‐year hospitalizations for cannabis use disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brewery wastewater treatment with microbial fuel cells (MFC) offers an alternative to conventional biological treatment that could make a wastewater treatment plant profitable even for smaller breweries. The great potential of MFCs lies in their ability to treat wastewater and generate electrical energy simultaneously. However, the efficiency of MFCs strongly depends on the wastewater composition. Therefore, identifying the main factors in brewery wastewater affecting the degradation of organic substances and the power density of MFCs is necessary. For this purpose, identical MFCs were operated with brewery wastewater and diluted beer wort for ~180 days. The fermentable sugars in beer wort were first degraded to acetate and the absence of cleaning and disinfecting agents had no influence. However, the high proportion of easily degradable organic acids, influencing the biofilm composition, and higher conductivity of brewery wastewater resulted in an almost twice as high mean degradation rate of 82 ± 8 % and mean power density of 58 ± 24 mW/m³. The change from beer wort to brewery wastewater indicated that the process conditions, not the inoculum, determine the microbial composition of the biofilm. Inhibiting competing methanogens will be mandatory to enhance the energy efficiency needed to become competitive with conventional biological treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Community residents conceive of their health and wellness priorities and concerns differently based on cultural and socioeconomic characteristics. As public libraries adopt health literacy programs to facilitate better access to information, they also need to align their programs and services to reflect the aspirations and concerns of the more marginalized members of their communities. This article describes how a team of Rutgers University librarians, scholars, and students worked with public librarians in three adjacent communities to investigate underlying conditions that shape how different populations approach health and wellness. Over several years, the research team listened to local citizens talk about their aspirations and concerns. Using tools developed by the Harwood Institute for Public Innovation with the American Library Association and the Charles F. Kettering Foundation, the team set a goal to understand how libraries might strengthen their relationships and engagement with diverse communities concerning health and wellness. Their findings revealed that upper-middle-class residents in one town were more likely to use the local library to stay informed about health literacy, relying on the strength of "weak ties," while tightly bonded African American residents in a bordering town, along with Latino immigrants in a third neighboring community, depended more on strong personal ties to inform their health and wellness decisions. They concluded that librarians will need to build trust and engage more deeply with these marginalized populations if they are to bolster the health and wellness of these members of their communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

background Microcephalic primordial dwarfism (MPD) is a heterogeneous group of rare disorders. Recent studies have reported a significant percentage of patients with MPD suffering from a spectrum of cerebrovascular abnormalities, including intracranial aneurysms (IAs) and moyamoya syndrome. The neurological literature has not as yet specifically assessed IAs in this population. This systematic review aimed to assess the clinical behavior, characteristics, treatment modalities and outcomes of IAs in patients with MPD. Methods We performed a systematic search in PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE and Ovid EMBASE for cases of MPD with IAs. We included three illustrative cases from our institution. results Twenty- four patients with 71 aneurysms were included in this study. Twelve patients (50%) presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage. The majority of patients were aged ≤18 years (70.8%), with a mean age of 16.2 years at presentation. Median aneurysm size was 3 (IQR 1.8--6) mm, and the most frequent locations were the internal carotid (37.3%) and middle cerebral arteries (23.8%). Concomitant moyamoya disease was reported in nine (37.5%) patients. Median age of aneurysm detection in screened patients was significantly lower than in nonscreened patients (P=0.02). Microsurgical clipping (55.3%) and endovascular coiling (26.3%) were the most used modalities. Twenty- two cases were managed conservatively. Overall, mortality occurred in 45.8% of cases. Conclusions Screening for cerebrovascular disease seems reasonable and effective to detect aneurysms at an earlier age in this population. Efforts in the literature to emphasize early and regular screening for these patients can positively impact outcomes in this population, however more evidence is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The in vivo detection of dead cells remains a major challenge due to technical hurdles. Here, we present a novel method, where injection of fluorescent milk fat globule-EGF factor 8 protein (MFG-E8) in vivo combined with imaging flow cytometry and deep learning allows the identification of dead cells based on their surface exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS) and other image parameters. A convolutional autoencoder (CAE) was trained on defined pictures and successfully used to identify apoptotic cells in vivo. However, unexpectedly, these analyses also revealed that the great majority of PS+ cells were not apoptotic, but rather live cells associated with PS+ extracellular vesicles (EVs). During acute viral infection apoptotic cells increased slightly, while up to 30% of lymphocytes were decorated with PS+ EVs of antigen-presenting cell (APC) exosomal origin. The combination of recombinant fluorescent MFG-E8 and the CAE-method will greatly facilitate analyses of cell death and EVs in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy and toxicity of cetuximab when added to radiochemotherapy for unresectable esophageal cancer. Methods: This randomized phase 2 trial (clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT01787006) compared radiochemotherapy plus cetuximab (arm A) to radiochemotherapy (arm B) for unresectable esophageal cancer. Primary objective was 2‑year overall survival (OS). Arm A was considered insufficiently active if 2‑year OS was ≤40% (null hypothesis = H0), and promising if the lower limit of the 95% confidence interval was >45%. If that lower limit was >40%, H0 was rejected. Secondary objectives included progression-free survival (PFS), locoregional control (LC), metastases-free survival (MFS), response, and toxicity. The study was terminated early after 74 patients; 68 patients were evaluable. Results: Two-year OS was 71% in arm A (95% CI: 55–87%) vs. 53% in arm B (95% CI: 36–71%); H0 was rejected. Median OS was 49.1 vs. 24.1 months (p = 0.147). Hazard ratio (HR) for death was 0.60 (95% CI: 0.30–1.21). At 2 years, PFS was 56% vs. 44%, LC 84% vs. 72%, and MFS 74% vs. 54%. HRs were 0.51 (0.25–1.04) for progression, 0.43 (0.13–1.40) for locoregional failure, and 0.43 (0.17–1.05) for distant metastasis. Overall response was 81% vs. 69% (p = 0.262). Twenty-six and 27 patients, respectively, experienced at least one toxicity grade ≥3 (p = 0.573). A significant difference was found for grade ≥3 allergic reactions (12.5% vs. 0%, p = 0.044). Conclusion: Given the limitations of this trial, radiochemotherapy plus cetuximab was feasible. There was a trend towards improved PFS and MFS. Larger studies are required to better define the role of cetuximab for unresectable esophageal cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We prove a sharp common generalization of endpoint multilinear Kakeya and local discrete Brascamp–Lieb inequalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The in vivo detection of dead cells remains a major challenge due to technical hurdles. Here, we present a novel method, where injection of fluorescent milk fat globule‐EGF factor 8 protein (MFG‐E8) in vivo combined with imaging flow cytometry and deep learning allows the identification of dead cells based on their surface exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS) and other image parameters. A convolutional autoencoder (CAE) was trained on defined pictures and successfully used to identify apoptotic cells in vivo. However, unexpectedly, these analyses also revealed that the great majority of PS+ cells were not apoptotic, but rather live cells associated with PS+ extracellular vesicles (EVs). During acute viral infection apoptotic cells increased slightly, while up to 30% of lymphocytes were decorated with PS+ EVs of antigen‐presenting cell (APC) exosomal origin. The combination of recombinant fluorescent MFG‐E8 and the CAE‐method will greatly facilitate analyses of cell death and EVs in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We prove sharp ℓpLp decoupling inequalities for two quadratic forms in four variables. We also recover several previous results (Bourgain and Demeter, J. Funct. Anal. 270 (2016) 1299–1318; Bourgain and Demeter, J. Anal. Math. 133 (2017) 79–311; Demeter, Guo and Shi, Rev. Mat. Iberoam 35 (2019) 423–460; Oh, Math. Z. 290 (2018) 389–419) in a unified way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: From a geostationary Earth orbit (GEO) satellite's perspective, a low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite is visible on more than half of its orbit. Albeit the free‐space loss of an inter‐satellite link is much higher than the one of a direct ground link, considerable data rates and download volumes can be achieved. In this paper, we describe the system architecture of an integrated approach for a data relay satellite system and the development of LEO satellite and ground station modems. The approach allows serving several small and inexpensive LEO satellites at the same time both with low rate telemetry/telecommand links and with high rate download of sensor data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the twenty-first century, academic libraries and librarians have recast the narrative by turning outward, engaging more deeply across the university. No longer solely focused on collecting, libraries now embrace connecting with their campus communities to foster consumption, production, curation, preservation, collaboration, and inquiry around cultural resources. This paper will discuss the ongoing efforts of the Rutgers University Libraries, New Brunswick to investigate the changing roles and responsibilities of library liaisons—roles and responsibilities that are changing from transactional to relational in many academic libraries. The article will provide a historic overview of the work of library liaisons that has led to the recent appointment of a Liaison Assessment Committee at Rutgers. The committee is charged to describe the work liaison librarians currently undertake, to map liaison responsibilities to the libraries' mission and service priorities, to share that work with stakeholders, and to assess the relevance and impact of the librarians' efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jump inequalities are the r = 2 endpoint of Lépingle's inequality for r-variation of martingales. Extending earlier work by Pisier and Xu (Probab Theory Relat Fields 77(4):497–514, 1988) we interpret these inequalities in terms of Banach spaces which are real interpolation spaces. This interpretation is used to prove endpoint jump estimates for vector-valued martingales and doubly stochastic operators as well as to pass via sampling from R d to Z d for jump estimates for Fourier multipliers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We obtain mixed Ap-A∞ estimates for a large family of multilinear maximal and sparse operators. Operators from this family are known to control for instance multilinear Calderón-Zygmund operators, square functions, fractional integrals, and the bilinear Hilbert transform. Our results feature a new multilinear version of the Fujii-Wilson A∞ characteristic that allows us to recover the best known estimates in terms of the Ap characteristic for dependent weights as a special case of the mixed characteristic estimates for general tuples of weights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We prove that for any bounded functions f1, f2 on a measure-preserving dynamical system (X, T) and any distinct integers a1, a2, for almost every x the sequence f1(Ta1nx)f2(Ta2nx) is a good weight for the pointwise ergodic theorem. 1. Introduction [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]