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Analyzing a total of 15,718 responses from visitors to the NASCAR Hall of Fame Exhibition, this study assessed the generational effects on exhibition dimensions, expenditure items and evaluation indicators. Analysis revealed that three exhibition dimensions (exhibits, concessions, and facility) and four expenditure items (tickets, dining, retail/shopping, and entertainment) differed significantly across generations including Silents, Boomers, Gen-X, Gen-Y, and Gen-Z. Moreover, all evaluation indicators differed significantly by generation. Theoretical and managerial implications of the study are discussed with specific recommendations for the exhibition and event market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study targeted visitors attending a national multicultural festival in South Korea. A total of 709 respondents were analyzed to determine how local visitors and migrant visitors differed in perceived importance and performance. Analysis identified five festival dimensions including "restroom, parking, & staff," "programs & activities," "accessibility & location," "souvenirs," and "foods & drinks," confirming no relationship between the importance and performance dimensions. Importantly, two groups showed both differences and similarities in the importance–performance analysis grid, while they statistically differed in all importance and performance dimensions. These findings reveal how the migrant group differs from the local group with respect to perceptions in planning to attend the multicultural festival and subsequent evaluations of their experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to better understand and effectively market to patrons who attend live entertainment performances, event venue managers need to have better information regarding these distinctive customers. This study explores the profiles and entertainment quality variables (e.g., performance quality, staff, and event facility) of 13,428 respondents at two venues in order to determine their overall satisfaction, revisit intentions and recommendations to attend an event at each of the respective venues. A principle component analysis revealed two entertainment quality factors, and four distinct patron segments were identified using K-means cluster analysis. These segments significantly differed and the findings may help event venue managers better understand how these patrons differ for future strategic marketing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article assesses and compares two different models that include (a) the relationships of quality dimensions with satisfaction and associated intended future behavior and (b) the relationships of satisfaction with quality dimensions and associated intended future behavior for visitors who attended entertainment events/shows at two venues. A structural analysis of 8,446 responses provided by the Charlotte Regional Visitors Authority in Charlotte, North Carolina, suggests that both models are statistically acceptable and some significant relationships are found among satisfaction, three quality dimensions (the entertainment show offered, the services associated with the venue, and the treatment by staff), and intended future behavior. A brief comparison of the two models is discussed in terms of the structural relationships, the strengths, and the values of goodness-of-fit indices. The findings may contribute to the conceptual development of the existing literature as one of the first few works to study satisfaction, quality, and future behavior intentions in the entertainment and event area. The article ends by providing practical facilitation of related managerial directions in the entertainment industry and suggests directions for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While employee turnover has long been recognized as a critical factor to be effectively managed by the hospitality industry, there has been little effort aimed at developing a systematic model to address and predict employee intentions to stay. This research investigated the effects of individual and organizational factors on job satisfaction and intent to stay of hotel and restaurant employees. Analysis of 221 responses obtained from a survey reveals that “job characteristics”, “participative decision-making”, and “pressure/stress”, can be good predictors of “job satisfaction”, while “supervisory leadership” and “intrinsic motivation” may not be a good predictors of “job satisfaction”. Somewhat unpredictably, both “intrinsic motivation” and “supervisory leadership” emerge as sound predictors of employee “intent to stay”. Based on the findings, several managerial implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study explores underlying push and pull motivational factors of university women tourists and assesses whether push and pull motivational models are statistically acceptable for this market. A total of 1,226 responses obtained from a Web-survey are used for analysis. Exploratory factor analysis suggests six push and five pull motivational factors. Confirmatory factor analysis then indicate that the push and pull models are statistically acceptable for the university women travel market. From these findings, practical implications are discussed for leisure and travel market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Greater understanding of the model that plays a role in attracting certain visitor segments thus allows travel businesses to develop marketing strategies. This research analyzes an empirical model including push motivations, pull motivations, cognitive involvement, affective involvement, satisfaction, and loyalty to students' top domestic and international destinations. Results suggest push motivations are a good predictor of pull motivations, which in turn are considered a good predictor of cognitive involvement. Cognitive involvement is a good predictor of both affective involvement and satisfaction. Affective involvement is a good predictor of satisfaction. This study also confirms the significant association of satisfaction with destination loyalty. Hence, the proposed model provides a good quality of theoretical framework to positively predict travel demand toward domestic and international destinations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information about motivation related to travel behavior allows marketers to better understand and predict individuals' decision making. This study identified underlying motivational factors of national cultural festival-goers in Korea and classified distinct travel groups attending the festival. Factor analysis determined eight reliable motivational factors and cluster analysis suggested three heterogeneous travel groups. To validate the travel groups. analysis of variance (ANOVA) and discriminant analysis were performed, followed by the chi-square statistic. The findings support that significant differences exist in the motivational factors, overall satisfaction levels, annual income, and duration of the visit across the three travel groups. Practical implications are discussed for festival marketers to promote cultural festival visits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of this study was to determine the underlying dimensions associated with activities undertaken by festival visitors and to discover any significant differences in these dimensions by distinct types of visitors attending a national cultural festival. A total of 335 participants obtained by a systematic random sampling method were used for analysis. Factor analysis delineated five possible activity factors and K-means cluster analysis distinguished three distinct groups of visitor. To examine the validity of the clusters, analysis of variance and discriminant analysis were performed. The results of the two analyses showed that there were significant differences in the three clusters on the activity factors. Additionally, the chi-square statistic revealed that the three clusters were substantially different in age, total spending, and past visit. Based on the significant findings, marketing implications and recommendations are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While travel motivation is a key concept to predict travel behaviors, the concept has not much been highlighted by tourism researchers in the student market. Thus, the current study was intended to determine push and pull motivational factors of US university students and to assess whether the motivational factors significantly differed between domestic travel and international travel. A total of 1,761 responses obtained from an e-mail/Interact-based survey were analyzed. Factor analysis suggested eight push factors and six pull factors. Independent samples t-test and the chi-square statistic indicated substantial differences as well as similarities in the factors and sociodemographic characteristics between the two types of travel, correspondingly. Both theoretical and practical implications based on the findings are discussed, which may prove beneficial to travel destination marketers and businesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the current study was to determine push motives of students attending US colleges and universities and to confirm if an existing push motivation model would find support and statistical acceptance in the college and university market. A total of 484 students were surveyed to collect data. Important push motivation factors for the college student market included `Knowledge', `Sports', and `Adventure'. Although a confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the model was quite plausible based on the evaluation of five overall model fit indices, there were notable exceptions as well. Marketing implications based on these finding's are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A total of 1,488 responses obtained from an internet-based survey were analyzed to determine push and pull motivation of university students toward multi-destinations and to assess if there were statistically significant differences across the top 10 domestic destinations. Based on the analysis, six push and pull forces were appropriately delineated and substantial differences were found across the destinations. The results of this study can help more effectively predict how student travelers are pushed and pulled, and how these forces differ across U. S. domestic destinations. Marketing implications are discussed by destination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Though the student market constitutes a significant portion of revenues in the travel industry, it has received little attention in tourism research. The primary purpose of this paper is to offer an alternate approach to segmentation and to subdivide the student market on the basis of travel activity preferences of Asian and domestic university students. When a division based on ethnicity is adopted, the study .findings suggest that the travel activity preferences of Asian and domestic college students are surprisingly similar. Subdividing this market by means of a factor-cluster segmentation methodology, however, yielded two cluster groups that were significantly differentiated by variables such as gender, age, source of income, length of stay, marital status and travel group size. The ability to segment this market in terms of descriptors other than ethnicity allows marketers to focus their efforts differently in their attempts to target these groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]