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The aim of this study was to investigate whether vitamin B12 levels are associated with premature ejaculation ( PE). A total of 109 subjects (56 PE and 53 controls) were included in this study. PE was defined as self-reported intravaginal ejaculatory latency time ( IELT) based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV criteria and those who had had an IELT of <2 min was considered as PE. All participants were evaluated using premature ejaculation diagnostic tool ( PEDT), International Index of Erectile Function ( IIEF) and Beck Depression Inventory ( BDI). The vitamin 12 levels were measured in all subjects. The mean age between the PE and controls was comparable ( p = .084). Mean IIEF and BDI scores between the two groups did not statistically differ. The mean IELT values in the PE group were significantly lower than in the control group ( p < .0001). PE patients reported significantly lower vitamin B12 levels compared with the controls (213.14 vs. 265.89 ng ml−1; p < .001). The ROC analysis showed a significant correlation between the diagnosis of PE and lower vitamin B12 levels. This study has demonstrated that lower vitamin B12 levels are associated with the presence of PE. This work also shows a strong correlation between vitamin B12 levels and the PEDT scores as well as the IELT values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of testosterone deficiency and gonadotropin therapy on the in vitro production of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) in order to elucidate the modulatory role of androgen in cytokine production. Fifteen male patients with untreated IHH and 15 age-matched healthy male subjects were enrolled in the study. Serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), free testosterone (FT), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), prolactin, and IL-2 and IL-4 levels were also measured. In unstimulated cultures, IL-1β and TNF-α secretion were not significantly different between patient and control groups. However, after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), secretion of IL-1β and TNF-α was significantly higher in cultures from untreated patients with IHH than in control subjects. Mean FSH, LH and FT levels were significantly lower, whereas SHBG, IL-2 and IL-4 levels were significantly higher in patients with IHH compared than in controls. In patients with IHH, FT negatively affected the serum levels of IL-4 and in vitro secretion of IL-1β and TNF-α. In addition, IL-2 and IL-4 affected the in vitro secretion of IL-1β in a positive manner. Gonadotropin therapy decreased both TNF-α and IL-1β in PBMCs from patients with IHH. The levels of serum IL-2 and IL-4 were also decreased by therapy. In conclusion, in the present study, gonadotropin treatment restored the in vitro production of IL-1β and TNF-α by PBMCs from patients with IHH, suggesting that androgen modulates proinflammatory cytokine production, at least directly through its effects on PBMCs. It seems probable that this effect plays an important role in the immunosuppressive action of androgens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Priapism is a rare but severe urological emergency of erection of penis in the absence of physical and psychological sexual stimulation. Priapism is often idiopathic and is commonly associated with medications and underlying medical or traumatic causes. In this report, we present a case of a 70-year-old White Caucasian man who developed priapism after the administration of ondansetron, which is a selective serotonin type-3 (5- HT3) receptor antagonist. This case is unique, because, to date, there are only two presented cases in literature. The objective of this case report is to highlight the importance of recognising the possibility of priapism with ondansetron because this condition is not commonly seen in clinical practice to be associated with ondansetron and may go unrecognised. Also, potential pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the development of ondansetron-induced priapism are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case study of a patient with recurrent acute pancreatitis which was due to a large Peutz-Jeghers-type hamartomatous polyp. Topics discussed include the symptoms of the patient, the results of abdominal ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT) and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), and polypectomy performed on the patient.