Search

Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne parasitic infection induced by protozoa of the genus Leishmania. The disease spectrum ranges from skin lesions to visceral leishmaniasis, which is fatal if untreated. The cutaneous leishmaniasis is characterized by a clinical polymorphism of lesions with a broad range of severity ranging from a self-limited lesion to multiple disfiguring lesions stigmatizing the patient for life. Although iron is required for several process of Leishmania infection including survival, growth and virulence, the number of studies on host iron metabolism during this infection remains limited. Iron homeostasis in the body is finely regulated by hepcidin, a hyposideremic peptide highly expressed in the liver. In infectious contexts, hepcidin plays additionally an antimicrobial role, acting through various mechanisms such as retaining iron in tissues, modulating the immune response, and operating as a defensin against gram-negative bacteria. This review mainly summarizes the most important interconnections between iron metabolism, hepcidin and leishmaniasis. A deeper understanding of iron metabolism in this context could help in developing innovative treatment strategies that target the parasite while simultaneously reinforcing host defenses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An investigation into the biodiversity of Cynipidae galls (Hymenoptera) residing within the oak forests of the Edough massif in Annaba (northeast Algeria) spanned from October 2016 to September 2019, aimed to update the faunal list of galls, assess their specialization and organ preferences, and evaluate the impact of seasonal fluctuations on their abundance. A total of 19783 galls were collected, belonging to 13 different species on both Q. faginea and Q. suber. All the oak Cynipidae galls collected belonged to eight genera: Andricus, Synophrus, Callirhytis, Cynips, Cerroneuroterus, Neuroterus, Plagiotrochus and Pseudoneuroterus. Abundance peaked during winter, contrasting with significantly lower levels in summer. The gall population exhibited a diverse and balanced distribution during spring (H=2.35; E=0.74). However, it was very low in summer (H=0.51; E=0.26). The results obtained thus are added to the available data concerning Cynipidae galls on oak trees (Q. suber and Q. faginea) in Algeria. This emphasizes the need for further research aimed at enhancing our comprehension of this specific population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document delves into evaluating wind power potential within Morocco's Oriental region, encompassing an extensive study of 23 locations over 43 years. The analysis was conducted using the advanced MERRA2 data reanalysis system coupled with MATLAB software. Our comprehensive study aims to map the wind energy capabilities across these sites. We employed eight distinct algorithms to adapt the Weibull distribution for the wind speed data. Additionally, the research includes an analysis of the wind rose and assesses the Capacity Factor (CF) to determine the most efficient periods for wind energy production. Our findings highlight that sites S4, S7, and S11 create an ideal geographic formation for wind farm placement. Within this formation, site S8, boasting a (CF) of 36.97%, emerges as a critical location, especially when paired with the EWT DW54 500 wind turbine model. This investigation opens new avenues for advancing wind energy in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A ferrimagnetic hexagonal Ising nanotube with spin-1/2 core and spin-5/2 shell is investigated using the mean field approximation (MFA) and the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS). More exactly, we have examined the effects of the exchange interactions and crystal field on the magnetic properties of the system. Our phase diagrams show the appearance of critical and compensation behaviors, as well as first-order phase transitions terminating at isolated critical end-points in the ferrimagnetic phase region at low temperatures. Furthermore, we have made a comparison with other studies of similar nanosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigated a three-dimensional semi-infinite spin-1/2 system bounded by a spin-1 surface using a Monte Carlo simulation based on the Metropolis algorithm. The exchange interactions and crystal field effects on phase diagrams, magnetizations, and susceptibilities were investigated. The phase diagrams in three planes were presented due to the competition between specific system parameters. The system demonstrated ordinary, extraordinary, surface, and special second-order phase transitions, as well as a surface first-order phase transition. Furthermore, tricritical and critical end-points were discovered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we studied the magnetic properties and hysteresis behavior of the ferromagnetic spin-3/2 Blume–Capel model with a transverse crystal field in a graphene monolayer. For this purpose, the mean-field approximation based on the Gibbs–Bogoliubov inequality for the free energy was used. We examined the effects of some physical parameters of the system, namely, the longitudinal and transverse crystal fields, external magnetic field, and temperature on the magnetization behavior, phase diagrams, and hysteresis loops. Very important results were obtained, such as the emergence of first- and second-order phase transitions, multicritical points, zero-temperature highly degenerate points, and multi-loop hysteresis behavior. Hysteresis loops of the graphene monolayer for selected physical parameters [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We use the mean-field approximation based on the Bogoliubov inequality to study the ferrimagnetic mixed spin-1 and spin-5/2 Blume–Emery–Griffiths (BEG) model on a hypercube lattice. The effects of the equal crystal field D = DA = DB and the ratio of biquadratic and bilinear exchange interactions R = K/|J| are examined by extracting the phase diagrams on the (R = K/|J|; T = 1/z|J|) and (D/z|J|; T = 1/z|J|) planes, respectively. Additionally, we have drawn the phase diagrams in the (DA/z|J|; T = 1/z|J|) and (DB/z|J|; T = 1/z|J|) planes for various values of the ratio R = K/|J| (R > 0). Our phase diagrams show both first- and second-order transitions, as well as tricritical points. It is evident that the system can exhibit single and double compensation temperatures. Finally, the temperature dependencies of the total and sublattice magnetizations present a few outstanding features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Predictive maintenance (M4.0) allows more targeted and efficient use of resources, reduces unplanned downtime, and increases production and equipment performance compared to classical existing maintenance (M3.0). This paper deals with the development of a new ecosystem that adopts the new technologies of Industry 4.0 to drive real-time monitoring and diagnosis of engine defects. The proposed architecture is based on implementing a process of identifying critical components and extracting related data (speed and acceleration) based on IoT technology. A neural model (ANN) is implemented for monitoring, detecting and diagnosing engine faults with high accuracy compared to existing techniques. The effectiveness and reliability are validated through real-time test bench studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of internationalization, the supply chain (SC) becomes complex with a profusion of decisions to take. SC modeling and performances have been widely discussed by researchers. The emergence of new technologies impacts the running and key performance indicators (KPI) of SC. There are several models of SC but none of them are oriented towards SC operations management, given importance of Industry 4.0 technologies. This paper presents a research methodology using a reference model called GRAILOG to capture decisions and related KPI's to control the SC. Then, the methodology PPTechIP is described and applied to accompany the company on the relevant digital transformation to improve performances. PPTechIP is based on a set of radars divided into different decision levels and SC functions based on the GRAILOG model. The calculated potential of progress helps in decision-making. This complete method was applied to PSA which is entering the Industry 4.0 era. The obtained results provide several interesting insights into PSA's control indicators. Big Data, augmented reality, collaborative robots and Cloud Computing are receiving a lot of attention from PSA and are considered as priorities for the control of its processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transformation to Supply Chain (SC) 4.0 promises new opportunities for companies to gain competitiveness. The Lean Value Stream Mapping (VSM) tool allows the supervision of all the processes of the entire SC, from which we can identify the different types of waste that hinder the competitiveness of the SC. Following the existing problems detected with the help of a diagnostic, we will propose a new process design by integrating 4.0 technologies to modernize the company. For our case study, we treat the multinational SC of Automotive Wiring Equipment Morocco, where we will focus on the downstream part of the SC composed of the warehouse and the different stages of road and sea transport until the final delivery in Austria. Then, we will consider the opportunities offered by each country in terms of logistics competitiveness. In this research work, we will show how Lean VSM4.0 will contribute to sustainable development by integrating the three pillars economic, environmental, and social. With the Lean VSM 4.0 tool, all logistic processes will be visualized, from which improvements could be obtained, especially the optimization of the lead-time, the cost, the energy consumed, and the follow-up of the products during the whole SC while reducing accidents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digitalization and digitization are topics for researchers and manufacturers. Integrating new technologies facilitates the collection of data from a company in real-time and processing them afterwards. In this context, the design and implementation of Maintenance 4.0 have become popular in the literature. Its objective is to minimize downtime, optimize energy consumption, and increase availability, utilization rate, and useful life of machines while ensuring environmental preservation and safety of personnel. Our contribution consists of setting up a specific digitalization methodology for companies wishing to switch to Maintenance 4.0 in order to contribute to sustainable development. The information obtained will be processed to carry out effective interventions to increase the reliability and availability of equipment. A case study of an industrial company was carried out where we implemented this methodology. As a result, we were able to increase the reliability of the machines, which has an impact on the environment by reducing energy consumption and the quantity of plastic waste. On the economic level, this led to an improvement in the Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) and a reduction in product prices. Thanks to these technologies of digitizing maintenance documents (procedures, machine history, risk prevention) and the quick localization of machine failures, the hard work and risks are reduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By the use of Monte Carlo simulation, we have investigated the phase diagrams and magnetic properties of a ferrimagnetic Ising multilayer system with mixed spins (1, 1 ∕ 2). The ground-state phase diagrams are first constructed for T = 0 K. To examine the influences of certain physical parameters of the system, namely the exchange interactions, the number of layers and the crystal field, we have studied the thermal behavior of the system magnetizations and the corresponding phase diagrams. The results obtained in this work show the existence of second- and first-order phase transitions and compensation temperatures. Moreover, we have investigated the hysteresis behavior, where the multi-loop phenomena are observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we used the mean-field approximation to investigate the magnetic properties and hysteresis behavior of the ferromagnetic spin-3/2 Blume-Capel model in a graphene monolayer. The effects of crystal field, external magnetic field, and temperature on the system’s magnetizations, phase diagram, and hysteresis loops were examined. Exciting results have been obtained, particularly second- and first-order phase transitions, critical points, and multi-loop hysteresis phenomena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Logistics is one of the sectors that is evolving in parallel with Industry 4.0, which refers to the integration of new technologies, information, and agents, with the common goal of improving the efficiency and responsiveness of a logistics management system. The warehouse is an essential link in logistics management, a factor of competitiveness, and a link between the partners of the entire logistics chain. It has become essential to manage warehouses effectively and to allocate their resources efficiently. The digitalization of warehouses is currently one of the research topics of Logistics 4.0. This work presents a methodology of the digital transition of warehouse management, which consists of four main steps: the diagnosis of a warehouse to identify the different processes, the degree of involvement of the employees, a calculation of the degree of maturity to identify the new technology and means of data transfer, and the associated software for the collection of information and the methods of data processing. This digital transition methodology was applied to an industrial company. The results obtained allowed for the improvement of all the indicators measuring the performance of the warehouse on economic, social, and environmental levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sizes of medical datasets are increased with an exponential rate. Extract useful knowledge from those data, analyzing and searching on this very vast amount of data is become a hard task for the scientists. Several metaheuristic algorithms for solving such problem were proposed for dimensionality reduction. In this work, a new stochastic search strategy inspired by the Grey Wolf optimization theory is proposed for feature subset selection. Grey Wolf Optimization algorithm (GWO) is a new metaheuristic optimization technique. Its principle is to reproduce the behavior of grey wolves in nature to hunt in a cooperative way. In order to improve the disadvantage of Grey Wolf Optimizer when solving the feature selection problem, three immune operators (selection, cloning and mutation) are embedded into the standard GWO and an Hybrid Immune Grey Wolf Algorithm (IGWO) is proposed. To ensure the diversity of the population of wolves and avoid premature convergence, we cloned and mutated Alpha, Beta and Delta wolves before selection of the new first, second, and third best solutions. The experiments were performed using ten medical datasets: Parkinson, Leukemia and heart diseases, Breast, Colon, and Prostate Cancers, and the results show that the proposed approach is able to explore different regions of a search space and avoid local optima reducing the dimensionality of datasets than can significantly improve the performances of the system for diseases recognition and decrease the required classification time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional local image descriptors such as SIFT and SURF are based on processings similar to those that take place in the early visual cortex. Nowadays, convolutional neural networks still draw inspiration from the human vision system, integrating computational elements typical of higher visual cortical areas. Deep CNN's architectures are intrinsically hard to interpret, so much effort has been made to dissect them in order to understand which type of features they learn. However, considering the resemblance to the human vision system, no enough attention has been devoted to understand if the image features learned by deep CNNs and used for classification correlate with features that humans select when viewing images, the so-called human fixations, nor if they correlate with earlier developed handcrafted features such as SIFT and SURF. Exploring these correlations is highly meaningful since what we require from CNNs, and features in general, is to recognize and correctly classify objects or subjects relevant to humans. In this paper, we establish the correlation between three families of image interest points: human fixations, handcrafted and CNN features. We extract features from the feature maps of selected layers of several deep CNN's architectures, from the shallowest to the deepest. All features and fixations are then compared with two types of measures, global and local, which unveil the degree of similarity of the areas of interest of the three families. From the experiments carried out on ETD human fixations database, it turns out that human fixations are positively correlated with handcrafted features and even more with deep layers of CNNs and that handcrafted features highly correlate between themselves as some CNNs do. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The authors investigate the magnetic properties of a mixed spin-3/2 and spin-2 Blume-Capel model on square and cubic lattices with two different single-ion anisotropies. Design/methodology/approach: To study the critical behavior of a mixed spin-3/2 and spin-2 system, the authors have used a real space renormalization group approximation and specifically the Migdal-Kadanoff technique. The authors give the phase diagrams for two different cases: (1) on the (Δ/|J|, 1/|J|) plane with ΔA = ΔB = Δ, and (2) on the (ΔA/|J|, 1/|J|) and (ΔB/|J|, 1/|J|) planes for selected values of ΔB/|J| and ΔA/|J|, respectively. Findings: The phase diagrams obtained show that the system exhibits both second- and first-order phase transitions as well as tricritical points for some values of the anisotropies. Moreover, using the variation of the free energy and its derivative at low temperatures, the authors have seen the appearance of first-order transitions at very low temperatures. Originality/value: Few investigations of mixed spin-3/2 and spin-2 systems with crystal field have been realized. For this reason, the authors use the renormalization group approach to complete the work done on these systems. In absence of an exact solution, this contributes to the synthesis of the approximation results on mixed spins models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study the titular Diophantine equation for a fixed positive integer y ≥ 3 in nonnegative integers m, n, and a. We show that the nonnegative integer solutions (n, m, a) are finite in number, and we provide a bound for them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to investigate the magnetic properties and the hysteresis loops behavior of a ferrimagnetic cubic nanowire with mixed spins SA = 3/2 and SB = 2. Design/methodology/approach: We have used the Monte Carlo simulation to examine the influences of the exchange interaction JB, the crystal field ∆ and the temperature on the magnetic properties and hysteresis loops of the nanowire. More exactly, we have shown the temperature dependence of the sublattice magnetizations (mA and mB) and the total magnetization (M) for several values of the Hamiltonian parameters, as well as the corresponding phase diagrams. Finally, the effect of an external magnetic field is studied by plotting the hysteresis loops of the system for different values of exchange interaction, crystal field and temperature. Findings: The obtained results show the existence of second-order phase transitions, as well as the compensation behavior. Moreover, according to the values of the Hamiltonian parameters, the system can exhibit one, two or three hysteresis loops. Originality/value: The magnetic nanowires are of great interest in experimental works, but without theoretical explanations, the experimental results cannot be clarified in depth. For this, we contribute through this theoretical study to understand the nanowires, especially those with mixed spins (2, 3/2). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A set of m distinct positive integers { a 1 , ... a m } is called a D (q) - m -tuple for nonzero integer q if the product of any two increased by q, a i a j + q , i ≠ j is a perfect square. Due to certain properties of the sequence, there are many D(q)-Diophantine triples related to the Fibonacci numbers. A result of Baćić and Filipin characterizes the solutions of Pellian equations that correspond to D(4)-Diophantine triples of a certain form. We generalize this result in order to characterize the solutions of Pellian equations that correspond to D(l2)-Diophantine triples satisfying particular divisibility conditions. Subsequently, we employ this result and bounds on linear forms in logarithms of algebraic numbers in order to classify all D(9) and D(64)-Diophantine triples of the form { F 2 n + 8 , 9 F 2 n + 4 , F k } and { F 2 n + 12 , 16 F 2 n + 6 , F k } , where F i denotes the ith Fibonacci number. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to study the magnetic properties and the hysteresis behavior of a ferrimagnetic cubic Ising nanowire with mixed spins S = 3/2 and S = 5/2 in which the atoms are placed alternately. Design/methodology/approach: In order to investigate the effects of the exchange interactions and crystal field on the magnetic properties and hysteresis behavior of the nanowire, we have used the Monte Carlo simulation. More precisely, we have plotted the thermal variations of the sublattice and total magnetizations for different values of the Hamiltonian parameters, and we have presented the corresponding phase diagrams. In addition, the influence of an external magnetic field is examined by plotting the variations of hysteresis loops with the change of temperature and crystal field. Findings: All phase transition found in this study are of second-order and the critical temperatures increase linearly with the increase of the exchange interactions. The compensation temperatures appear only for some domains of crystal field D and exchange interaction JB of the sublattice (B). Moreover, when studying the hysteresis behavior, the system can show one or double hysteresis loops. Originality/value: The authors consider that this research is consistent with the scientific axis of the journal which benefits a great esteem in our country and in the world. In addition, the results are of technological interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A polynomial $f$ over a finite field $\mathbb{F}_{q}$ can be classified as a permutation polynomial by the Hermite–Dickson criterion, which consists of conditions on the powers $f^{e}$ for each $e$ from $1$ to $q-2$ , as well as the existence of a unique solution to $f(x)=0$ in $\mathbb{F}_{q}$. Carlitz and Lutz gave a variant of the criterion. In this paper, we provide an alternate proof to the theorem of Carlitz and Lutz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of head-to-head bis-benzimidazole and bis-benzoxazole derivatives was synthetized. Their antibacterial activity was examined in planta against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci, the causal agent of wild fire in tobacco and in vitro against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci. All synthetized compounds did not inhibit bacterial growth in vitro. However, they protected Nicotiana benthamiana against P. syringae pv. tabaci in the greenhouse. Only one foliar application at 50 μg ml−1 reduced diameter of leaf lesion by 25 to 52% as well as bacterial population in planta by 0.4 to 0.9 logarithmic units. This protection was associated with the inhibition of the accumulation of H2O2in planta and enhancement of the activity of catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and guaiacol peroxidase. These results suggest that the bis-benzoimidazole and bis-benzoxazole derivatives act as antioxidants and may be used to protect plants against bacterial diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In previous work, nanopowders have been obtained during the deposition of thin layers from Hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) using low frequency plasma. The aim of this work is the study of the growth process of these nanopowders in plasma discharge and in deposited films. The plasma discharge was generated from HMDSO precursor in low frequency reactor; optical emission spectroscopy (OES) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) have been used to investigate the effect of the deposition parameters on the nanopowders growth in the plasma discharge and in the deposited thin layers respectively. For high deposition pressure, OES reveals the presence of SiH (situated at 414 nm), OH (situated at 309 nm), CHO (situated at: 324.3, 351.5 nm) species and some additional emission peaks of CO (situated at: 540.9, 566.6, 578, 646,6 nm). The intensities evolution of these species have been investigated during the discharge plasma and the presence of some of them may be the result from the reaction of the nanoparticles of the deposited powders with the plasma species. Nanoparticles agglomerations have been revealed by SEM observations and their aspect correlated with optical emission spectroscopy measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At first glance, the feature selection is a crucial step in a pattern recognition system. The main objective of this selection is to reduce the features number, by eliminating irrelevant and redundant attributes. In addition, we try to maintain or improve the classifier performance using neural network algorithm. Nevertheless, a new stochastic search strategy inspired by the clonal selection theory in an artificial immune system is proposed for feature subset selection. We have used the firefly and clonal selection algorithms to select the most relevant features in a dataset. In our proposed strategy, feature selection algorithm is formulated as an optimization problem that searches an optimum with less number of features in a feature space and a good accuracy. The goal of our study is to achieve a balance between the classification accuracy and the size of the feature subsets selected using two new hybrid algorithms based on Immune Firefly Algorithm (IFA). Our proposed approach has been evaluated on 10 standard datasets taken from UCI repository. The experimental outcomes have been compared to some popular feature selection methods. The comparison of results shows that our methods significantly outperform most of the used feature selection algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let K be a number field of degree n over ℚ and A its ring of integers. For a prime number p ≥ n , we determine the types of splittings of p in K for which the set J ¯ = { 𝜃 ¯ ∈ A / p A , p | I (𝜃) } is of cardinality a power of p. We prove that this necessary condition is also sufficient for J ¯ to be a subgroup of the additive group A / p A. Consequently, we show that, in this case, the subset of A , J = { 𝜃 ∈ A , p | I (𝜃) } is an order of the number field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Letn,aandbbe positive integers. The pair (a, b) is calledaninteger partition ofninto Diophantine pair ifn=a+b,ab+ 1 is a perfect square anda>b. In this paper we give, for any positive integern, a closed formulaforthe number of integer partitions into Diophantine pairs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we bound the least primes which split in an imaginary quadratic field in terms of its class number. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy, risks, safety, and follow-up of radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation of atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia (AVRNT) in patients (pts) ≥75 years old (n=42) (GpI) compared with pts younger than 75 years (n=234) (GpII). [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Infrared thermography is the science of acquirement and analysis of thermal information by using non-contact thermal imaging devices. Infrared thermography is a technique that has been used repeatedly as a predictive device for the preservation of electrical installations. It is practically used around the field to assess the state of electrical systems and equipment. This article provides information about issues that call for specific focus during thermal tests of induction motor. These are subsequently presented as errors that could be made in the testing phase and especially the descriptions of the influences of parameters: reflected temperature, as well as the distance from an object and atmospheric temperature, on thermographic measurements that are obtained by a conversion of raw data to digital data by the use of tools Software. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let f and g be polynomials with integer coefficients. In this paper, we improve upon a theorem of Nieto. We show that if the content of g divides the content of f and g(n) divides f (n) for an integer n arbitrarily chosen larger than some explicit constant depending on the coefficients and the degrees of f and g, then g divides f in ℤ[x]. In addition, given a polynomial f with integer coefficients, we provide a method to determine if f is irreducible over ℤ, and if not, find one of its divisors in ℤ[x]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we consider the problem of finding integers k such that the sum of k consecutive cubes starting at n³ is a perfect square. We give an upper bound of k in terms of n and then, list all possible k when 1 < n ≤ 300. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let ${ \mathbb{F} }_{q} $ be the finite field of characteristic $p$ containing $q= {p}^{r} $ elements and $f(x)= a{x}^{n} + {x}^{m} $, a binomial with coefficients in this field. If some conditions on the greatest common divisor of $n- m$ and $q- 1$ are satisfied then this polynomial does not permute the elements of the field. We prove in particular that if $f(x)= a{x}^{n} + {x}^{m} $ permutes ${ \mathbb{F} }_{p} $, where $n\gt m\gt 0$ and $a\in { \mathbb{F} }_{p}^{\ast } $, then $p- 1\leq (d- 1)d$, where $d= \gcd (n- m, p- 1)$, and that this bound of $p$, in terms of $d$ only, is sharp. We show as well how to obtain in certain cases a permutation binomial over a subfield of ${ \mathbb{F} }_{q} $ from a permutation binomial over ${ \mathbb{F} }_{q} $. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nine new 17-(piperazin-1-yl)pyridin-5-yl)steroids as abiraterone analogues were synthesized. Compounds 5d and 5g showed selective activities against 17α-hydroxylase/C17,20-lyase (CYP17A1) and aromatase (CYP19), respectively. IC50 values of 5d were 5.09 and >50 μ m, whereas these values for 5g were >50 μ m and 7.40 μ m, respectively, for CYP17A1 and CYP19. Molecular modelling highlighted that the inhibitor designed to bind cytochrome P450 haem iron is a necessary condition but not the only rationale to explain inhibitory activity. These abiraterone analogues were then evaluated on hormone-independent prostate cancer cell lines DU-145 and PC-3 and on hormone-dependent breast and prostate cancer cell lines MCF-7 and LNCaP, respectively. Compounds 5e, 5g and 5i have showed potent activities only on hormone-independent prostate cancer cell lines DU-145 and PC-3 with 60-85% inhibition of both cell viability and growth at 10 n m with pro-apoptotic mechanism as illustrated in PC-3 cells by DNA ladder assay and Western blotting of Bax, Casp-3 and its substrate, the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. We conclude that hybrid heterocycle steroids could be good lead compounds in the drug design especially against hormone-independent prostate cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let n ≥ 3 be an integer. For any permutation o of A = {0,1,…, n -- 1}, set (σ, n) = …· It is proved that n is prime if and only if (σ, n) = 0 (mod n) for any σ. When n is composite, we show that there exist cycles of any length satisfying this congruence. We show as well that the analog statement is true for cycles of length at least 2 not satisfying the congruence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Annales de Toxicologie Analytique is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Let K be a number field of degree n over ℚ, Â be the set of integers of K that are primitive over ℚ and let I(K) be its index. The prime factors of I(K) are called common factors of indices or inessential discriminant divisors. We show that these primes divide another index i(K) previously defined by Gunji and McQuillan as i(K) = lcmθ∈Âi(θ), where i(θ) = gcdx∈ℤFθ(x) and Fθ(x) is the characteristic polynomial of θ over ℚ. It is shown that there exists θ ∈ Â such that i(K) = i(θ) and an algorithm is given for the computation of such an integer. For any prime p|i(K), an integer ρK(p) defined as the number of $\bar{\theta} \in A{/}pA$ such that p|i(θ) is investigated. It is shown that this integer determines in some cases the splitting type of p in K. Some open questions related to I(K), i(K) and ρK(p) are stated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

3β-Acetoxy-6-iodocholest-5-ene was prepared with a convenient method from cholesterol and used as a key intermediate for the synthesis of 6-arylated cholesterol derivatives using a �Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling. This versatile and efficient synthesis way can widely be used in the synthesis of other 6-aryl or 6-heteroaryl steroids as potential drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Functions counting the number of subsets of {1, 2, . . . , n} having particular properties are defined by Nathanson. Here, generalizations in two directions are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]